Technician Handbook
874 Engine Control Systems II
Single Pump On some models with a V8 engine, during cold engine start, air
Secondary Air injection is turned ON and adds fresh air to the exhaust stream to
help speed catalyst warm-up. Under specified operating conditions,
Injection System
the ECM signals the air injection driver to turn ON the electric pump.
Overview The pump draws ambient air in through a filter and pressurizes it.
Two different air switching valves control whether the fresh air
reaches the injection tube in the engine exhaust port.
• Air switching valve No. 1 is a solenoid valve controlled by the
ECM through the air injection driver.
• Air switching valve No. 2 is a 2-part vacuum valve directly
controlled by the ECM — each half sends air to one bank of a
V-type engine.
The pressure sensor allows the ECM to measure pump output. In
addition, if measured pressure is pulsating, this indicates both
air switching valves are open and the pressure sensor is
exposed to exhaust gas.
Single Pump The ECM uses the pressure sensor signal to monitor the valve
Secondary Air positions and pump operation. The ECM uses the air injector driver
Injection Monitor (AID) to monitor the pressure sensor circuit, valve circuits, and
pump circuit. Air Injection DTCs may be one trip or two trip,
depending on the type.
Single Pump The ECM checks for malfunctions in valve positions, pump
Secondary Air operation, driver operation, and circuits. Refer to the Repair Manual
Injection DTCs (RM) for specific DTC and monitor information.
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874 Engine Control Systems II
Single Pump The ECM detects pressure change with the pressure sensor to determine
Secondary Air malfunctioning parts in the system and stores the DTCs.
At points A through F:
Injection System
• The ECM measures pressure and/or exhaust pulsation of the system.
Monitor Sequence
• When the pressure is high, the ECM determines that the pump operates.
• When exhaust pulsation is detected, the ECM determines that the Air
Switching Valve (ASV) is open.
• The ECM determines malfunctioning parts based on the measured
pressure sensor value, and stores the appropriate DTCs.
At points A and B:
• The ECM detects pressure changes (decrease), and determines that the
No. 2 Air Switching Valves are opening.
At points C and F:
• The ECM detects pressure and exhaust pulsation, and determines the
pressure pattern of the system.
At point D:
• The ECM operates the system, as indicated by the dashed lines, to
determine which of the No. 2 ASV are malfunctioning only when pressure
changes cannot be detected at point A or B.
At point E:
• The ECM looks for exhaust pulsation to determine the condition of the
system.
At point F:
• The ECM opens the ASV (electromagnetic type) and looks for exhaust
pulsations. If exhaust pulsations are present, the ECM concludes that one
or both of the No. 2 ASVs are stuck open and sets the appropriate
DTC(s).
Refer to the Repair Manual for more information on the Air Injection monitor
sequence, enabling conditions, and judgment of failure conditions.
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874 Engine Control Systems II
Single Pump When trying to determine the cause of a single pump secondary air
Secondary Air injection issue, check the Freeze Frame data and duplicate the
conditions. Use the Technical Information System (TIS) for Repair
Injection System
Manual (RM) and Electrical Wiring Diagram (EWD) information, and
Diagnosis look for applicable Service Bulletins (SB). Also, use the RM for
component locations on the vehicle you are working with.
The single pump secondary air injection driver sends different duty-
cycle signals to the ECM based on air injection system operating
conditions. The duty-cycle signal can be displayed on an
oscilloscope while performing air injection active tests with the
Techstream. One or more different duty-cycle signals may result in a
single DTC being set, so knowing the exact duty-cycle signal will
help pinpoint the problem area.
A manual or automatic Air Injection Check can be performed with
the Techstream to aid in diagnosis of this system. To perform an Air
Injection Check, go to Engine (and ECT) Live Tab Utilities Air
Injection Check.
An Activate the VSV for Secondary Air Control active test can also
be performed to aid in diagnosis of
this system.
NOTE The system checks allow technicians to operate the AI system for
only 5 seconds. Furthermore, the test can be performed 4 times per
trip. If the test is repeated, intervals of at least 30 seconds are
required between tests.
Single Pump The air pressure readings, air/fuel ratio (A/F Bank) (Manual System
Secondary Air Check only) and AFS voltage readings (Active Test only) of Bank 1
Injection System and Bank 2 are good indicators of system performance.
Diagnosis Tips
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Dual Pump For this system, Bank 1 and Bank 2 each have an electric air pump,
Secondary Air air injection control driver, air injection control valve, and air
pressure sensor. Control of B1 and B2 secondary air injection
Injection System
system is performed independently. Two pumps are used to
Overview increase the amount of air supplied, shortening the catalyst warm-
up time.
The ECM estimates the amount of air injected to the TWCs based
on signals from the mass air flow meter in order to regulate the air
injection time.
Air is injected under the following conditions:
• Engine Coolant Temperature: 41 to 113°F (5 to 45°C)
• Intake Air Temperature: 41°F (5°C) or more
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874 Engine Control Systems II
Dual Pump The ECM uses the pressure sensor signal to monitor the valve
Secondary Air positions and pump operation. The ECM uses the air injector driver
(AID) to monitor the pressure sensor circuit, valve circuits, and
Injection Monitor
pump circuit. Air Injection DTCs may be one trip or two trip,
depending on the type.
The ECM detects operation of the air injection system based on
signals from the air pressure sensor as follows:
1. When the electric air pump is ON and the air injection control
valve is closed, the pressure is high and stable.
2. When the electric air pump is ON and the air injection control
valve is open, the pressure drops slightly and becomes unstable
because of exhaust pulses.
3. When the electric air pump is OFF and the air injection control
valve is closed, the pressure remains at zero.
4. When the electric air pump is OFF and air injection control valve is
open, the pressure drops below zero and becomes unstable
because of exhaust pulses.
Dual Pump Secondary Air The ECM checks for malfunctions in valve positions, pump
Injection DTCs operation, driver operation, and circuits. Refer to the Repair Manual
(RM) for specific DTC and monitor information.
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874 Engine Control Systems II
Dual Pump When trying to determine the cause of a dual pump secondary air
Secondary Air injection issue, check the Freeze Frame data and duplicate the
conditions. Use the Technical Information System (TIS) for Repair
Injection System
Manual (RM) and Electrical Wiring Diagram (EWD) information, and
Diagnosis look for applicable Service Bulletins (SB). Also, use the RM for
component locations on the vehicle you are working with.
The dual pump secondary air injection drivers send different duty-
cycle signals to the ECM based on air injection system operating
conditions. The duty-cycle signal can be displayed on an
oscilloscope while performing air injection active tests with the
Techstream. One or more different duty-cycle signals may result in a
single DTC being set, so knowing the exact duty-cycle signal will
help pinpoint the problem area.
A manual or automatic Air Injection Check can be performed with
the Techstream to aid in diagnosis of this system. To perform an Air
Injection Check, go to Engine (and ECT) Live Tab Utilities Air
Injection Check.
An Activate the VSV for Secondary Air Control active test can also
be performed to aid in diagnosis of this system.
NOTE The system checks allow technicians to operate the AI system for
only 5 seconds. Furthermore, the test can be performed 4 times per
trip. If the test is repeated, intervals of at least 30 seconds are
required between tests.
Dual Pump The air pressure readings, air fuel ratio (A/F Bank) (Manual System
Secondary Air Check only) and AFS voltage readings (Active Test only) of Bank 1
Injection System and Bank 2 are good indicators of system performance.
Diagnosis Tips Pulsation information indicates if the air injection control valves are
functioning.
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