PROCESS

INSTRUMENTAION
LESSON-2
FLOW MEASUREMENT

FLOW MEASUREMENTS

FLUID FLOW

STEADY FLOW

UNSTEADY FLOW

UNIFORM FLOW

NON-UNIFORM FLOW

TYPES OF FLUIDS
FLUIDS ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO
TYPES
NEWTONIAN FLUID
NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS
NEWTONIAN FLUIDS WHICH FOLLOW
NEWTONS LAW OF VISCOSITY

NON-NEWTONIAN FLUID
TIME

DEPENDANT
TIME INDEPENDANT

TIME INDEPENDANT

TIME DEPENDENT

REYNOLD NUMBER

REYNOLD NUMBER

FLOW EQUATIONS

BERNUOLLI EQUATION

FRICTIONAL LOSSES

FLOW METERS

POSITIVR DISPLACEMENT
TYPE

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
FLOW METERS

MAGNETIC FLOW METERS

INFERENTIAL TYPE

INDUSTRIAL FLOW METERS

ROTATING VANE TYPE

DIFFERENTIAL FLOW
METERS
Venturi

meter
Orifice meter
Flow nozzles
Dall tubes
Pitot tubes
Annubar tubes
Elbow taps
Weirs

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE
TYPE

PRESSURE BASE FLOW

METERS

DIFFERENTIAL

FLOW MEASUREMENT

HOOK GAUGE

FLOW MEASUREMENT

FLOW METERS

VARIABLE HEAD METER

VENTURI TUBE

FLOW NOZZLES

ORIFICE METER

ORIFICE METER

ORIFICE PLATES

TYPES OF ORIFICES
Concentric

orifice
Eccentric orifice
Segmental orifice
Quadrant edge orifice

ECCENTRIC PLATES
Similar

to concentric type except offset

hole is bored tangential to circle
Concentric to pipe and diameter equal to
98% of pipe dia
Useful for oil containing water , fluids with
solids

QUADRANT EDGE PLATE

Used

for services such as heavy crudes,

syrups, slurries and viscous flows
edge is rounded to form a quarter circle
Additional small hole is provided to for the
passage of condensate and gases

CONCENTRIC ORIFICE
It

is mostly widely used

Made of SS , thickness 1/8 to inch
depending on pipe line size and flow
velocity
Other materials are Nickel, Monel etc

TYPES OF ORIFICES

ORIFICE METER

ORIFICE METER

VARIABLE AREA METER

PITOT TUBE