LTE TDD Overview: October 2013

LTE TDD Overview
October 2013
Bong Youl (Brian) Cho,
brian.cho@nsn.com
Disclaimer
LTE ,
NSN .
2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights reserved.
LTE TDD market overview

Quick comparison b/w WiMAX & LTE TDD
LTE TDD Technology Overview
TDD Carrier Aggregation
TDD Enhancement in Rel-12 and beyond
TTA LTE Standards/Technology Training

2
Difference b/w 3G-TDD and 4G-TDD

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Release 99 W-CDMA
Release 4 1.28Mcps TDD
Release 5 HSDPA
Release 6 HSUPA, MBMS
Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, HOM etc.)
ITU-R M.1457
IMT-2000 Recommendation
ITU-R M.2012
Release 8 LTE (FDD, TDD)

Release 9 Minor LTE enhancements
Release 10 LTE-Advanced
IMT-Advanced Recommendation
Release 11
Note:
3GPP GSM, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE , 3
LTE-Advanced LTE LTE
3
Release 12

4

5
LTE FDD+LTE TDD make the best LTE

From etnews.com on May 28, 2013
LTE FDD is only the half part of LTE
The number of LTE TDD operators at the moment is small, but those are big operators
LTE TDD has very high commonality with LTE FDD, and works also with 3G
Many WiMAX operators are considering migration to LTE TDD
2.3GHz and 2.6GHz are two key bands for LTE TDD

6
Key countries updates
Clearwire ready for major LTE

TDD roll-out
DellOro January 2013:

Increased Near Term Outlook for
TDD
Expects Europe will augment FDD
with TDD
China Mobile bid process ongoing for 200,000 eNodeB,

1M LTE TDD terminals
RoW
Japan: >1M LTE TDD subs.

Interest in 3.5GHz
Australia: Optus launch LTE TDD
Europe: LTE TDD spectrum
auctioned, TDD will follow FDD

7
LTE TDD devices overview

124 LTE TDD user devices (dongles, MiFi, CPE, smartphones)
LTE TDD eco-system is ready!
LTE TDD device band support*
The largest supported LTE TDD eco-system is:
2300 MHz Band 40: 82 devices

Bands 38 (2.6 GHz) and 40 (2.3 GHz) have the

largest ecosystems of LTE TDD user devices currently :
Terminal support for band 38 is 71%
Terminal support for band 40 is 66%
Band 41 (2.6GHz) will be deployed by Softbank, CMCC and
Clearwire so terminal ecosystem will be substantial in future
Support for 1.9 GHz (band 39)
and 3.5 GHz (bands 42, 43) is also picking up
* January 2013
GSA report
New dual mode Samsung handsets to supercharge

Optus' 4G Network, 2013-08-05, Sydney
https://www.optus.com.au/aboutoptus/About+Optus/Medi
a+Centre/Media+Releases/2013/New+dual+mode+Sams
ung+handsets+to+supercharge+Optus'+4G+Network

8
LTE TDD DL/UL Config

Brings Higher DL PDR & Flexibility
Peak data rate

[Mbps]
DL/UL(3:1) to DL service
up to 110Mbps

9
Similar Spectrum Efficiency

with FDD LTE
3GPP E-UTRA TDD frequency bands
E-UTRA
Operating
Band
Uplink (UL) operating band

BS receive UE transmit
Downlink (DL) operating band

BS transmit UE receive
FUL_low FUL_high
FDL_low FDL_high
Duplex
Mode
33
1900 MHz
1920 MHz
1900 MHz
1920 MHz
TDD
34
2010 MHz
2025 MHz
2010 MHz
2025 MHz
TDD
35
1850 MHz
1910 MHz
1850 MHz
1910 MHz
TDD
36
1930 MHz
1990 MHz
1930 MHz
1990 MHz
TDD
37
1910 MHz
1930 MHz
1910 MHz
1930 MHz
TDD
38
2570 MHz
2620 MHz
2570 MHz
2620 MHz
TDD
39
1880 MHz
1920 MHz
1880 MHz
1920 MHz
TDD
40
2300 MHz
2400 MHz
2300 MHz
2400 MHz
TDD
41
2496 MHz
2690 MHz
2496 MHz
2690 MHz
TDD
42
3400 MHz
3600 MHz
3400 MHz
3600 MHz
TDD
43
3600 MHz
3800 MHz
3600 MHz
3800 MHz
TDD
44
703 MHz
803 MHz
703 MHz
803 MHz
TDD

10
LTE FDD, LTE TDD Integration
Fully integrated over time

LTE FDD
LTE TDD
LTE FDD & TDD

Transparent hand over
Global Roaming
LTE FDD & TDD

Standards Integration
Product Integration
Maximized commonality b/w FDD and TDD

for high level of integration/interworking
11


12
DL OFDMA & UL SC-FDMA in LTE

DL: OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
Less critical AMP efficiency in BS side
Concerns on high RX complexity in terminal side
UL: SC-FDMA (Single Carrier-FDMA), aka DFTS-OFDM

Less critical RX complexity in BS side
Critical AMP complexity in terminal side (Cost, power Consumption, UL coverage)
Making MS cheap as much as

possible by moving all the
burdens from MS to BS

13
CM (Cubic Metric) of OFDMA & SC-FDMA
OFDMA
SC-FDMA
16QAM
SC-FDMA
QPSK
SC-FDMA
pi/2-BPSK

14
SC-FDMA: A good introductory paper

15
LTE Physical channels and signals: DL

LTE
PDSCH
WCDMA/HSPA
WiMAX
HS-PDSCH, SCCPCH
DL Data Burst
PCCPCH
DCD, Preamble
(DL data delivery and others)
PBCH
(MIB delivery)
PMCH
DL Data Burst
(MBMS)
PCFICH
FCH
(Header for PDCCH)
PDCCH
DL-MAP, UL-MAP
(Header for PDSCH, PUSCH)
HS-SCCH, E-AGCH, ERGCH
PHICH
E-HICH
DL Data Burst
CPICH with primary

scrambling code
Pilot Signal (common)

Pilot Signal (dedicated)
(UE dedicated pilot)
With secondary scrambling

code
Sync Signal
SCH
Preamble
(HARQ Ack/Nack for UL)
Cell-specific Reference Signal

(Common pilot)
UE-specific Reference Signal
(UE initial DL synchronization)

16
LTE Physical channels and signals: UL

LTE
PUSCH
WCDMA/HSPA
WiMAX
(E-DPDCH)
UL Data Burst
HS-DPCCH
CQICH, ACKCH, BW
Request Ranging
PRACH
Initial Ranging
(E-DPCCH)
Pilot Signal
(UL data delivery and CSI delivery)
PUCCH
(CSI delivery, HARQ Ack/Nack for DL,
SR delivery)
PRACH
(Random access)
Demodulation RS
(Pilot for PUSCH, PUCCH)
Sounding RS
(Additional pilot for other purposes)

17
Sounding Signal
Quick comparison: OFDM parameter, MIMO

18
WiMAX-Advanced DL Performance*
FDD: DL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell
Cell spectral efficiency
ITU-R requirement
InH
6.87
3.0
UMi
3.27
2.6
UMa
2.41
2.2
RMa
3.15
1.1
FDD: DL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
0.253
0.1
UMi
0.097
0.075
UMa
0.069
0.06
RMa
0.091
0.04
TDD: DL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
6.93
3.0
UMi
3.22
2.6
UMa
2.41
2.2
RMa
3.23
1.1
TDD: DL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
0.260
0.1

19
UMi
0.092
0.075
UMa
0.069
0.06
RMa
0.093
0.04
* IMT-ADV/4-E
WiMAX-Advanced UL Performance*
FDD: UL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell
ITU-R requirement
InH
6.23
2.25
UMi
2.72
1.8
UMa
2.69
1.4
RMa
2.77
0.7
FDD: UL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
0.444
0.07
UMi
0.119
0.05
UMa
0.114
0.03
RMa
0.124
0.015
TDD: UL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
5.99
2.25
UMi
2.58
1.8
UMa
2.57
1.4
RMa
2.66
0.7
TDD: UL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
0.426
0.07

20
UMi
0.111
0.05
UMa
0.109
0.03
RMa
0.119
0.015
* IMT-ADV/4-E
LTE-Advanced DL Performance*
FDD: DL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell
ITU-R requirement
InH
4.1-6.6
3.0
UMi
2.8-4.5
2.6
UMa
2.4-3.8
2.2
RMa
1.8-4.1
1.1
FDD: DL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
0.19-0.26
0.1
UMi
0.087-0.15
0.075
UMa
0.066-0.10
0.06
RMa
0.057-0.13
0.04
TDD: DL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
4.1-6.7
3.0
UMi
2.7-4.6
2.6
UMa
2.4-3.7
2.2
RMa
1.6-4.0
1.1
TDD: DL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
0.19-0.24
0.1

21
UMi
0.085-0.12
0.075
UMa
0.067-0.10
0.06
RMa
0.049-0.12
0.04
* IMT-ADV/8-E
LTE-Advanced UL Performance*
FDD: UL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell
ITU-R requirement
InH
3.3-5.8
2.25
UMi
1.9-2.5
1.8
UMa
1.5-2.1
1.4
RMa
1.8-2.3
0.7
FDD: UL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
0.23-0.42
0.07
UMi
0.073-0.086
0.05
UMa
0.062-0.099
0.03
RMa
0.082-0.13
0.015
UMa
1.5-2.7
1.4
RMa
1.8-2.6
0.7
TDD: UL cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
3.1-5.5
2.25
UMi
1.9-3.0
1.8
TDD: UL cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

ITU-R requirement
InH
0.22-0.39
0.07

22
UMi
0.068-0.079
0.05
UMa
0.062-0.097
0.03
RMa
0.080-0.15
0.015
* IMT-ADV/8-E
Comparison: Urban Microcell, TDD

Cell spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
WiMAX
2.5
LTE TDD min
LTE TDD max
1.5
1
0.5
0
DL cell SE
UL cell SE
Cell edge user spectral efficiency in bit/s/Hz/cell

0.14
0.12
0.1
0.08
0.06
WiMAX
LTE TDD min
LTE TDD max
0.04
0.02
0
DL 5% SE
UL 5% SE
23


24
Duplexing
FDD
TDD

25
Duplexing contd

26
LTE FDD vs LTE TDD

Same RF Structure, Same Resource Block => Same RF Power/Time/Bandwidth Density
Same Power Transmitted during the Same amount of time as LTE FDD
LTE FDD
LTE TDD
Power
Spectrum
Time
Single UL Frame
Resource Block
DL
10W
DL
UL
10ms
5W
1/5 W
5MHz
5MHz

27
UL
10ms
1/5 W
5ms
10MHz
3GPP LTE FDD vs. LTE TDD

High degree of commonality
Features
Frame structure
Switching points
LTE FDD
1ms sub-frame
N/A
BS Synchronization
DL Control Channel
Asynchronous/Synchronous
Can schedule 1 DL and 1 UL
sub-frame at a time
(with CA, looks more similar)
UL Control Channel
Single ACK/NAK corresponding

to 1 DL sub-frame
(with CA, looks more similar)
Multiple ACK/NAK corresponding

to multiple DL sub-frame
PRACH
Special slot usage
0,1,2,3
N/A
Numerology, Coding,
Multiple Access, MIMO
support, RS etc.
Same
0,1,2,3,4 (Short RACH)

DwPTS: RS, Data and Control
UpPTS: SRS and Short RACH
Same
HARQ Timing
N=8 stop-and-wait protocol

DL: Async, UL: Sync
TBD
DL: Async, UL: Sync
High Degree of Commonality

28
LTE TDD
1ms sub-frame
5ms periodicity and 10 ms
periodicity
Synchronous
Can schedule 1 DL and multiple
UL sub-frame at a time
LTE FDD vs. TDD performance comparison

LTE TDD
FDD-LTE
Spectral Efficiency
DL/UL Balancing
LTE TDD can adapt to DL/UL traffic ratio

(typical of internet traffic)
Real Life Performance
+
+
+
Better in big-sized cells
Paired-band is not needed, no duplexing gap

Coexistence requirement for adjacent
frequency in the same geographic area
Coexistence
New Spectrum Pricing
Dedicated UL/DL pipes (no need to wait for

UL or DL slot)
Comparable Subscriber Experience
Coverage
Spectrum Flexibility
Fix bandwidth for DL & UL

(typical of voice traffic)
Slightly longer latency
Latency
Negligible advantage (No need of switching)
TDD Spectrum had traditionally auctioned for

lower $/MHz

29
+
Because of higher demand FDD has so far
sold for higher $/MHz
Frame Structure
Type 1 for FDD
One radio frame, Tf = 307200Ts=10 ms
One slot, Tslot = 15360Ts = 0.5 ms
#0
#1
#2
#3
#18
#19
One subframe
Type 2 for TDD

One radio frame, Tf = 307200Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame, 153600Ts = 5 ms
One slot,
Tslot=15360Ts
30720Ts
Subframe #0
Subframe #2
Subframe #3
Subframe #4
Subframe #5
Subframe #7
One subframe,
30720Ts
DwPTS
GP
UpPTS

30
DwPTS
GP
UpPTS
Subframe #8
Subframe #9
Frame Structure: FDD/TDD

31
LTE TDD: UL/DL configurations
Subframe number
Configuration
Switch-point periodicity
0
5 ms
5 ms
5 ms
10 ms
10 ms
10 ms
5 ms

32
LTE TDD: UL/DL configurations

33
LTE TDD:
Special subframe config for max cell range
* assuming Normal CP

34
System Information
Master information block (MIB) includes the following information:
Downlink cell bandwidth [4 bit]
System Frame Number (SFN) except two LBSs
Etc
LTE defines different SIBs:

SIB1 includes info mainly related to whether an UE is allowed to camp on the cell. This includes info
about the operator(s) and about the cell (e.g. PLMN identity list, tracking area code, cell identity,
minimum required Rx level in the cell, etc), DL-UL subframe configuration in TDD case, and the
scheduling of the remaining SIBs. SIB1 is transmitted every 80ms.
SIB2 includes info that UEs need in order to be able to access the cell. This includes info about the UL
cell BW, random access parameters, and UL power control parameters. SIBs also includes radio
resource configuration of common channels (RACH, BCCH, PCCH, PRACH, PDSCH, PUSCH,
PUCCH, and SRS).
SIB3-4 mainly includes info related to cell-reselection.

SIB5-8 include neighbor-cell-related info. (E-UTRAN, UTRAN, GERAN, cdma2000)
SIB9 contains a home eNB identifier
SIB10/11 contains ETWS (Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System) notification
SIB12: CMAS
SIB13: eMBMS
More to be added
MIB mapped to PBCH, Other SIBs mapped to PDSCH

35
Mapping of control channels to TDD config #1
<cf> FDD LTE

36
Typical RF interference scenario for a TDD

37
Coexistence among neighboring TDD systems

38
Coexistence b/w WiMAX (16e) and LTE TDD

39
Coexistence b/w TDD and FDD

40
MIMO Spatial Multiplexing (SM)

Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
Multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver
MIMO uses multipath to advantage to multiply data rate
Transmits different data along different paths (simplified view)
MxN MIMO can multiply data rate by M or N (whichever is less) if there is enough multipath.
Best in urban high-multipath environment (and indoors)

Less effective in suburban and rural low-multipath environments

41
SVD MIMO as a closed-loop MIMO

In CL-SU-MIMO, SVD-MIMO is the optimum

42
MIMO Channel Decomposition

43
MIMO Channel Decomposition

~
w
1
x
~
x
VH
n
UH
~
w
nmin
min
Channel
Pre-processing
Post-processing
With number of transmitting antenna=nt and receiving antenna=nr,
y Hx w
x C nt , y C nr , w ~ (0, N 0 I nr )
44
~
y
Channel Diagonalization
H
~
yU y
U (Hx w )
H
U H (UDV H x w )
U H (UDV H V~
x w)
D~
x UHw
~
~
y D~
xw

45
3GPP Release 8 DL transmission modes

Two approaches to multi-antenna transmission
MIMO
CQI
PMI
Rank
Beamforming
CQI
SRS
CRS
DRS
MCS
PMI
Rank
If UE uses multiple receive

antennas, it also has to
transmit SRS on multiple
antennas in order for UL
measurements to fully
reflect DL channel state
MCS
PDSCH Channel estimation based on

common reference signal (CRS)
PDSCH Channel estimation based on

dedicated reference signal (DRS)
Closed loop, codebook precoding (TM4)
Open loop, non-codebook precoding (TM7)

46
Multi-Antenna Technology Summary

Diversity
Same data on all the pipes (mode 2)
Increased coverage and link quality
But, the all pipes can be combined to make a kind-of beamforming
MIMO
Different data streams on different pipes (mode 4)
Increased spectral efficiency (increased overall throughput)
Power is split among the data streams
Beamforming
Data stream on only the strongest pipe (mode 7)
Utilize different amplitude/phase at all pipes to optimally match per-UE
radio condition
Increased coverage and signal SNR

47
3GPP Release 9/10 DL transmission modes

Enhanced beamforming: dual-layer beamforming (TM8)
Multi-layer (TM9)
With cross polar antennas in mind TDD
operators have been eager to extend Rel8
Beamforming to support two streams.
Spatial multiplexing supported
- Up to 2 layers per user (SU-MIMO)
- Up to 4 layer in total (MU-MIMO)
CQI
PMI
Rank
SRS
DRS
MCS
Rank
PDSCH Channel estimation

based on DRS
48
CRS based PMI and rank reporting supported

for beamforming
- Similar feedback schemes as for Rel-8 SUMIMO
(tx-mode 4)
- TxD CQI also supported
- One CRS per polarization via sector beam
virtualization (as in Rel-9)
PDSCH Transmission Modes

Mode
Details
Single-antenna transmission (CRS)
Transmit diversity (CRS)
Open-loop codebook-based precoding in the case of more than one layer,

transmit diversity in the case of rank-one transmission (CRS)
Closed-loop codebook-based precoding (CRS)
Multi-user-MIMO version of transmission mode 4 (CRS)
Special case of closed-loop codebook-based precoding limited to single-layer

transmission (CRS)
Release-8 non-codebook-based precoding supporting only single-layer

transmission (UE-specific RS, but this mode will not be used)
Release-9 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up to two layers (DM-RS)
Release-10 non-codebook-based precoding supporting up to eight layers (DM-RS)
* UE specific RS and DM-RS are basically the same, i.e. both are not cell-specific but can be UE-specific.
But, two have different names and different scalability, DM-RS introduced in Rel-9/10 can be superset of
UE specific RS in Rel-8. So, UE specific RS will not be used mostly.
49
Cell-Specific RS Mapping for TM1-6

RS Overhead
One antenna port
R0
R0
R0
Normal CP
Extended
CP
1 Tx ant
4.76%
5.56%
2 Tx ant
9.52%
11.11%
4 Tx ant
14.29%
15.87%
R0
R0
R0
R0
R0
l0
l6 l0
l6
Resource element (k,l)
Two antenna ports
R0
R0
R0
R0
R1
R0
R0
R0
Four antenna ports
R0
R0
l0
R0
odd-numbered slots
l0
R2
R1
R3
R2
R1
l6 l0
even-numbered slots
R3
R2
l6
odd-numbered slots

50
2013 Nokia Solutions and Networks. All rights
reserved.
Antenna port 0
Antenna port 1
R3
R2
R1
R1
l6
l6
R1
R1
R0
l6 l0
even-numbered slots
R1
R1
R0
Reference symbols on this antenna port
l6 l0
R1
R0
R0
l0
l6
Not used for transmission on this antenna port
R1
R1
l6 l0
R0
R1
R1
R0
l0
R1
R1
l0
R3
l6 l0
even-numbered slots
l6
odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 2
l0
l6 l0
even-numbered slots
l6
odd-numbered slots
Antenna port 3
UE-specific RS (R5) on top of CRS for TM7

UE-specific RS (antenna port 5)
12 symbols per RB pair
DL CQI estimation is always based on cell-specific RS (common RS)

51
New DM-RS for scalability for TM8-9

52
Multi-Antenna Technology Summary

Diversity
Same data on all the pipes (mode 2)
Increased coverage and link quality
But, the all pipes can be combined to make a kind-of beamforming
MIMO
Different data streams on different pipes (mode 4)
Increased spectral efficiency (increased overall throughput)
Power is split among the data streams
Beamforming
Data stream on only the strongest pipe (mode 7)
Utilize different amplitude/phase at all pipes to optimally match per-UE
radio condition
Increased coverage and signal SNR

Not any more focusing on the strongest pipe in transmission mode 8 in
R9 and mode 9 in R10

53
LTE FDD vs TDD link budget comparison

- Example

54
From 8T8R to 2T2R in real fields
TDLTE BBU
8T8R RFM
8T8R RFM
8T8R RFM
GSM MCPA
GSM MCPA
Ground based cabinet
Dense traffic areas
FSMF + RRH in cabinet
1 RFM serves up to 4 sectors
GSM/TDLTE co-sited
Small, discrete 2x2 antennas
Antenna on 25M tower
Approx. 300x100mm

55
HARQ Retransmission Timing

Acknowledgement of a transport block in subframe n is transmitted in subframe
n + k , where k 4 and is selected such that n + k is an uplink subframe

56
HARQ Acknowledgement Bundling

For DL transmissions, there are some configurations where DL-SCH receipt in multiple DL
subframes needs to be acknowledged in a single UL subframe
Multiplexing
Independent acknowledgements for each of the received transport blocks are fed back to the
eNodeB. This allows independent retransmission of erroneous transport blocks. However, it also
implies that multiple bits need to be transmitted from the terminal.
Bundling of acknowledgements
The outcome of the decoding of DL transport blocks from multiple DL subframes can be combined
into a single hybrid-ARQ acknowledgement transmitted in UL. Only if both of the DL transmissions
in subframes 0 and 3 in the example below are correctly decoded will a positive acknowledgement
be transmitted in UL subframe 7.
The downlink assignment index in the scheduling assignment on the PDCCH is used to avoid
confusion

57
UL Grant Timing
For TDD configurations 16, the uplink transmission occurs in subframe n + k , where k is
the smallest value larger than or equal to 4 such that subframe n + k is an uplink
subframe.
For TDD configuration 0 there are more UL subframes than DL subframes, which calls for
the possibility to schedule transmissions in multiple UL subframes from a single DL
subframe. For DL-UL configuration 0, the index field specifies which UL subframe(s) a
grant received in a DL subframe applies to.

58
PRACH format 4
Short PRACH preamble (format 4) only for TDD (to utilize UpPTS in small cells)
For TDD, multiple random-access regions can be configured in a single subframe.

The reason is the smaller number of uplink subframes per radio frame in TDD. To
maintain the same random-access capacity as in FDD, frequency-domain
multiplexing is sometimes necessary.

59
Better Utilization of SRS

SRS (Sounding Reference Signal)
SRS can be used for both DL beamforming and UL CAS
Calibration needed for channel reciprocity

Model to illustrate the impact from RF units to channel reciprocity
(capital letters indentify matrixes)

60


61
TDD CA Combinations
Completed
Ongoing
New
Inter-band CA combinations
CA_39A-41A, CMCC
Rel12
20MHz + 20MHz
Intra-band contiguous CA combinations
CA_40C, CMCC
40MHz
CA_41C, Clearwire
Rel12
35MHz
CA_41D, Sprint
Rel11
40MHz
CA_39C, CMCC
Rel11
40MHz
CA_38C, CMCC
Rel10
Rel12
60MHz

62
Intra-band non-contiguous CA combinations
CA_41A-41A, CMCC
20MHz + 20MHz
CA_41A-41A, Sprint
Rel12
20MHz + 20MHz (dual uplink)
Rel12
LTE_CA_TDD_FDD-Core
Core part: TDD-FDD joint operation

Rapporteur: Nokia
Schedule: Start (June 2013) Finish (Dec 2014, estimated)
Latest WID: RP-131399 (RAN#61)
Objective
The objective is to enhance LTE TDD FDD joint operation with LTE TDD-FDD carrier
aggregation feature and potentially also with other TDD-FDD joint operation solutions
depending on the outcome of the initial scenario evaluation phase of the work item.
Technical Report on TDD-FDD Joint Operation scenarios from RAN#60 until RAN#62
Identify deployment scenarios of joint operation on FDD and TDD spectrum, and network/UE requirement
to support joint FDD/TDD operation.
Based on the identified deployment scenarios and network/UE requirements, identify possible other
solutions for FDD-TDD joint operation for example multi-stream aggregation and dual-mode UE supporting
simultaneous operation on both modes in addition to LTE TDD-FDD carrier aggregation.
Based on the work above consider whether such solutions, if any, need to be added to the
Work Item itself, or in separate Work Items
Introduction of LTE TDD-FDD Carrier Aggregation in Rel-12 specification from RAN#61 until
RAN#64:
Latest Status Report: RP-131371, RP-130999

Latest 3GPP TR and/or TS: 36.847 and related TSs (36.101, 104, 133, etc)
63
TR 36.847
Study on LTE TDD-FDD joint operation including Carrier Aggregation

Deployment Scenarios
FDD+TDD co-located (CA scenarios 1-3), and FDD+TDD non-co-located with ideal backhaul
(CA scenario 4)
FDD+TDD non-co-located (small cell scenarios 2a, 2b, and macro-macro scenario), with non-ideal
backhaul, subject to the outcome of the non-ideal backhaul related study items where relevant.
Carrier frequency related assumptions
Carrier frequency of TDD is far away enough from joint operated FDD carrier frequencies
Carrier frequency of TDD is near the UL band of joint operated FDD
Carrier frequency of TDD is near the DL band of joint operated FDD
Carrier frequency of TDD locates between the UL band and DL band of joint operated FDD
Requirements
UEs supporting FDD - TDD joint operation shall be able to access both legacy FDD and legacy
TDD single mode carriers.
simultaneous reception on FDD and TDD carriers (i.e. DL aggregation)

simultaneous transmission on FDD and TDD (i.e. UL aggregation)
simultaneous transmission and reception on FDD and TDD (i.e. full duplex)

64


65
LTE_TDD_eIMTA
Further Enhancements to LTE TDD for DL-UL Interference

Management and Traffic Adaptation
Rapporteur: CATT
Schedule: Start (Dec 2012) Finish (June 2014, estimated)
Latest WID/SID: RP-121772 (RAN#58)
The objective is to enable TDD UL-DL reconfiguration for traffic adaptation in small
cells, including
Agree on the deployment scenarios for TDD UL-DL reconfigurations
Agree on the supported time scale together with the necessary signaling mechanism(s) for TDD
UL-DL reconfiguration and specify the necessary (if any) enhancements for TDD UL-DL
reconfiguration with the agreed time scale and signaling mechanism(s)
Agree on interference mitigation scheme(s) for systems with TDD UL-DL reconfiguration to
ensure coexistence in the agreed deployment scenarios
Backward compatibility shall be maintained
Latest Status Report: RP-130986, RP-130987

Latest 3GPP TR and/or TS: related TSs (36.101, 104, 133, etc)

66
LTE_TDD_eIMTA: Scenarios
At least the following scenarios should be supported
Scenario 1: multiple Femto cells deployed on the same carrier frequency
Scenario 2: multiple Femto cells deployed on the same carrier frequency and multiple
Macro cells deployed on an adjacent carrier frequency
Scenario 3: multiple outdoor Pico cells deployed on the same carrier frequency
Scenario 4: multiple outdoor Pico cells deployed on the same carrier frequency
and multiple Macro cells deployed on an adjacent carrier frequency
In scenarios 2/4, all Macro cells have the same UL-DL configuration and
Femto/outdoor Pico cells can adjust UL-DL configuration
Take scenarios 3-4 with the first priority for further evaluation and design

67
LTE_TDD_eIMTA: Interference Mitigation

ICI types in TD-LTE with dynamic UL-DL configuration
Interference mitigation schemes
Cell clustering interference mitigation (CCIM)
Scheduling dependent interference mitigation (SDIM)

Interference suppressing interference mitigation (ISIM)
Interference mitigation based on legacy schemes (such as eICIC/FeICIC schemes,
CoMP schemes, MBSFN configuration schemes)
Power control based schemes

68
* source: ETRI
More futuristic
Example: Full Duplex TDD
Transmit and receive same time in same BW
Self-interference is the main technical problem in the implementation
Usable only in small cells

69
LTE TDD Summary

Market potential is BIG
High degree of commonality b/w LTE FDD and LTE TDD

Slight difference in frame structure (FDD vs. TDD)
Time synchronized network
Need to ensure coexistence b/w neighboring TDD systems
Better beamforming performance with channel reciprocity
Smaller link budget which fits to capacity networks
Flexible DL/UL capacity for various applications

70
THANK YOU!
71

LTE TDD Overview: October 2013

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