Home safety

CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

1st Egyptian SPE Social Event
“Home Safety”
PRESENTATION
By
Chemist eng. Talaat A. Elkader
Lufkin HSE manager
Lufkin Safety Value

We live and work safely in a

manner that protects and
promotes the health and
well-being of the individual
and the environment.
 Policy
Lufkin ME. HSE Policy

It is Lufkin policy to operate worldwide in a safe,

responsible manner which respects the
environment and the health of our employees,
our customers, and the communities where we
operate. We will not compromise environmental,
health or safety values for profit or production.
We are looking for incident prevention and
continuous improvement in all our business.
Lufkin Safety principles
 All incidents are preventable, and can be avoided and
we will work diligently to prevent all incidents.
 Management must provide training to equip people with
necessary skills to avoid injuries or incidents.
 We comply with all local applicable laws, regulations and
set higher standards for ourselves to guarantee the
safety of our people, our customers and our community.
 Improvement has no proven limits.
 To be successful safety must be more than a program or
a book/ procedures. It must be more than all of that.
 Key success of any safety endeavor :
 Priority…………………enthusiasm……………….pride.
 Why Home Safety?
USA Statistics indicates the following:
 Home-related injuries result in nearly 21 million medical visits and
almost 20,000 deaths annually
 Off-the-job injuries costs society $387 billion
 More than 2,000 children younger than 15 die each year

Cost to Employers:
 Home injuries cost employers $38 billion
in a single year, or $104 million per day
 Annually, home injuries represent $15.8
billion in employer health care spending
 Employers paid $12.2 billion in sick leave,
life, and disability insurance for home injury victims
Children injury
 In Scotland “Unintentional injury is one of the main causes of death and is the
most common cause of emergency hospital admissions in children aged under
15.”4

 Unintentional injuries are second only to cancers as a cause of death for

children aged between 1 and 14 years. Every year in Scotland, 1 child in 5
attends Accident and Emergency Departments following an unintentional injury.
This totals approximately 200,000 emergency visits each year.

 while the number of deaths is relatively low, there continue to be large numbers
of admissions to hospitals and considerable numbers of accident and
emergency department attendances. While not life-threatening, such events
consume considerable health service resources, cause distress for parents and
children, have economic consequences for families through loss of work, and
adversely impact children’s education because of time off school.
Home safety for young children
 As young children grow older, they begin to explore
their surroundings more and more.
 Parents can guard against possible dangers by
conducting a home safety evaluation from the child’s
point of view
 Parents need to take precautions to make sure
curious children avoid common home injuries.
Objectives of home safety
campaign
 To identify the major hazards associated with
the off job activities.
 To avoid the accidents to the associated
hazards.
 To give guidance for controlling the
emergency conditions caused by the off job
hazards.
What is a Hazard?
A Hazard is anything that has the potential to
cause harm. Practically, a hazard is often
associated with a condition or activity that if
left uncontrolled can result in an injury or
illness.

In a home safety day we will focus on the top

five causes of home injury→ falls, fire/burns,
poisoning and chocking/suffocation and
egonomics.
 What is a Risk?

The Risk is the product of potential hazard severity and frequency

of occurrence. Or it is likelihood that the hazard will cause
harm and the severity of the consequence.
 For Example:
 If you are cleaning the kitchen with corrosive cleaner without
using gloves or apron there is a great risk of being harmed.
 If you wear all protective clothing and gloves and adhere to all
safety precautions the risk is low.
 If you change the chemical to a safer type and adhere to all
precautions the risk will be even lower.
Risk Control
 When a risk assessment has identified a
hazard as having unacceptable risks we have
to put in place control measures to eliminate
the risk or reduce the risk to an acceptable
level.
What Causes Injuries?
Acts of
God Unsafe
2% Conditions
20%

20%

Unsafe
78 %
Acts
78%

UNSAFE CONDITIONS UNSAFE ACTS

ACTS OF GOD

© Texas Workers’ Compensation Insurance Fund 2001

Accident comprise –
Unsafe Acts and/or Unsafe
Conditions
 Unsafe acts  Unsafe Conditions
 Using equipment in  Fire hazards, excessive
amounts of flammable
the wrong way or for
materials
the wrong task  Defective tools or
 Failure to wear equipment
protective  Inadequate
equipment housekeeping, walkways
 Horseplay blocked, materials
incorrectly stored
 Failure to warn
others of danger
hazards we encounter at
Home and offices?
 Slips, trips, falls;
 Ergonomic issues;
 Lighting problems
 Housekeeping;
 Furniture/layout;
 Heat-generating
sources
 Electrical cords &
equipment;
 Fire & evacuation
 Hand & powered tools &
equipment;
 What are Slips, Trips, Falls?
 S-T-Fs are defined as:
 Falls from a height such as from furniture, ladders, work
platforms, falling down stairs or landing awkwardly after a
jump
 Falls on the same level, including falls up stairs, all slips, trips
and stumbles
 Frequent causes:
 an unobserved, physical obstacle or
impediment;
 the type or condition of the surface
represents a potential hazard;
 an individual is unaware of a potential
hazard; or
 An individual is distracted or is not paying attention to their
surroundings/actions.
 SLIPS!! :to slide along smoothly
resulting in a sudden mishap.
 Weather conditions
may cause the floors
to be wet or the
ground to be icy.
 Watch were you are
stepping and use
caution on wet floors
and ice to avoid
slipping.
 TRIPS!! :to catch the foot on
something so as to stumble.
 Damaged steps or misplaced
items are major factors in
trips.
 Make sure that steps you
use often are in good shape
and that items (that do not
belong on the steps) are out
of the way.
 Use handrails when
ascending or descending
stairs.
FALLS!! :to descend freely by
the force of gravity.

➵ Eliminate the hazard

when possible (i.e. broken
chair, unstable ladder,
etc...)
➵ Practice good judgement
- Don’t lean back in
chairs, don’t climb on
unstable shelving or
tables.
 OTHER HAZARDS
Prevent a potential
injury by cleaning up
spills and wet floors.
Keep isles and walkways
clear of clutter or
obstructions.
Pick up objects and
move extension cords
to eliminate the
potential for injury.
 Injuries from Slips, Trips, and Falls
Common types of injuries:

 Sprains, strains

 Bruises, contusions Commonly affected body

parts:
 Fractures

 Abrasions, lacerations  Knee, Ankle, Foot

 Wrist, Elbow

 Back

 Shoulder

 Hip

 Head
 Definitions
Friction: The resistance encountered when
Slip an object (foot) is moved in contact with
another (ground). Friction is necessary in
When there is too little friction order to walk without slipping.
or traction between your feet
(footwear) and the walking or
working surface, and you lose
your balance.
Fall
Occurs when you are too
far off your center of
balance.
Trip
When your foot (or lower leg) hits
an object and your upper body
continues moving, throwing you
off balance.
or
When you step down unexpectedly to a lower
surface (Misstep) and lose your balance, e.g.,
stepping off a curb.
 Definitions Two types of Falls:
 Fall-at-the-same-level  Fall-to-lower-level

When you fall to the surface
you are walking or standing
on, or fall into or against
objects at or above the
surface.
When you fall to a level below
the one on which you are
walking, working, or standing.

For example:
• Step or stairs
• Ladder
• Platform
• Loading dock
• Equipment
• Etc.
Contributing factors to
falls. Fall-Environmental
factors.
 Poor housekeeping
 Materials being improperly stored in hallway
or aisle
 Items being left accidentally or purposely in
walk area
 Water, grease or other slip hazards on hard
or resilient surfaces
Contributing factors of
falls.
 Poor lighting
 Should have at least 20 footcandles in
walkways
 Eliminate glare sources
 Replace burned out or flickering
light bulbs
Lighting:
 Areas that are not lit adequately, or are lit too much, can
cause headache, strain, and fatigue.
 Color plays a big role in eye fatigue.
 Use adjustable task lighting for tasks that require greater
illumination.
 Take visual “breaks” every 30 minutes.
 Get regular eye exams…let your eye doc know if you are
working at a computer!
“Housekeeping”
 Storage or placement of objects in aisles,
below knee level, or on other “office-type”
floor surfaces.
 Overflowing, heavy wastebaskets.
 Dust accumulations.
 Maintaining condition of office equipment and
work area.
 Orderly arrangement in all areas, especially
storage.
Furniture Safety:
 Chairs should remain squarely on the floor.
 Casters on all chairs should be secured and all parts of the chair
should be sturdy & should not present a hazard to the user.
 Close drawers when not in use.
 Open drawers slowly and carefully.
 Avoid overloading filing cabinets, and distribute the weight of
materials stored in cabinet to avoid tipping.
 Furniture should be selected and maintained without sharp
edges, points, or burrs.
Ergonomics: Safe Material
Handling
 What is Ergonomics?
It is . . . fitting the work
to the worker
• Ergon = Greek for “work”
• Nomos = Greek for “laws of”
• The Study of Work
• Applies both on and off the job
Good workstation set-up is based
on individual needs.

But, there are some general principles that can

be taken into account…
Rule #1: If you are uncomfortable, seek
assistance!
Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)
 Musculoskeletal Disorders
 Usually: muscles, tendons and ligaments
 Affecting: wrists, elbows, neck, shoulders,
back
 Gradually develop over time or a one time
overexertion
 Early identification and reporting of symptoms
is key
 Symptoms of MSDs
 Early Warning Signs of Repetitive Stress
 Pain, numbness or tingling
 Stiffness and soreness
 Fatigue or loss of strength
 Sleep disturbance
 “Unusual” feelings in soft tissues
 There may be little or no visible signs of an injury
 Don’t write off potential early warning signs
 Report the symptoms to your physician immediately
Back Health and Fitness
 Sitting can place high loads on the lower back. sitting
can be as twice as hard on your back.
 Sitting is one cause of strain on your back. excessive
weight and weak abdominal muscle may cause a
spinal imbalance.
 Most people lift the wrong way, consequently most
back injuries result from improper lifting.
 Tilt the work surface
instead of the wrist.

Stand with weight evenly distributed

between feet. When standing for long
periods of time, rest one foot on a
sturdy object above floor height and
switch legs periodically
Keep elbows close to the body.

Reduce the need for

outstretched arms. Use
a higher work surface.
Avoid bending over your
work.

Avoid overhead work.

Use a ladder.
Bend the tool, not the wrist.

Use tools that distribute

pressure evenly across
the palm.
Lifting
 Size up the load

 If too heavy for one

person, get help!

 Lift together or use

mechanical
assistance
Lifting Safely
Unsafe Lifting Techniques
The ideal working posture
How to Sit Properly
Neutral Position
 Sit straight with back against the chair back.
 Lower lumbar support in the right spot.
 Feet flat on the floor.
 90+ degree angles.
 Arms parallel to the ground.
YES
 Elbows and wrists at same level.

NO
Sitting like this is known
as sitting in a “neutral
position.” This position
reduces the amount of
stress on muscles.
 Awkward Postures Typical
of Office Work

Be cautious of
Can cause twisting and
neck pain bending, stand up
and and use good body
shoulder mechanics.
pain, both
sides. Stand up, don’t
reach for items.
Good posture is essential to your
health & safety!
 3 natural curves.
 Seated posture puts lots of strain
on your body!
 Exaggerated curves are bad.
 Stretch frequently.
 Maintain or build strength.
 Good Working Postures

 
•Hands, wrists, and forearms are straight, in-line and
roughly parallel to the floor.

  slightly forward, forward facing, and

•Head is level, or bent
balanced. Generally it is in-line with the torso.
 
•Shoulders are relaxed  and upper arms hang normally at the
side of the body.
 
•Elbows stay in close  to the body and are bent between 90
and 120 degrees.
 
  by floor or footrest.
•Feet are fully supported

  with appropriate lumbar support

•Back is fully supported
when sitting vertical  or leaning back slightly.

•Thighs and hips are  supported by a well-padded seat and

  floor.
generally parallel to the

•Knees are about the same height as the hips with the feet
slightly forward.  
Electrical Safety:
 Shut off electrical
equipment not in use!
 Properly equipped with
grounding prongs.
 Electrical cords should be
visually inspected on a
periodic basis to identify
frayed and worn cords.
 Maintain electrical cords in
areas out of walkways and
passageways.
 Avoid extension cords in
office areas.
 Surge protectors may not
be overloaded and may
not be used as an
“extension cord” for other
office equipment.
 Don’t overload outlets and
surge protectors!
 Combustible material,
such as paper, may not be
stored on or in close
proximity to electrical
outlets and connections.
Chemical Safety and
poisoning

 What chemicals do we use in the office and

home cleaning?
 Read the label & hazard warnings.
 Read the MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)….
 Handle & store the material properly, in
accordance with the MSDS.
 Medicines, cosmetics should be kept away from
children reach.
9 tips to Prevent children poisoning

 Know the thing that are poisons

 Look at the labels for the words “ caution”, “warning” or “danger”
 Remove all medicines and medical supplies from purses, pockets and
drawers.
 Put them in a cabinet with a child safety lock.
 Have a child safety caps on all chemicals, medications and cleaning
products.
 Cosmetics ( make-up ) can be poison too.
 Have a service person check heaters, stove and fireplaces every year
to see that they work well.
 Have a carbon monoxide ( CO) detector near the bedrooms. This will
tell you if the gas level is too high.
 Push the “ test button” on the detector so everyone will know the
sound it makes
Fire Safety?
Do we know what a triangle is?

Three sided shape - needs all three sides to

be connected to be a triangle
The same way that the three lines have to
be connected to form a triangle, the heat,
fuel and oxygen have to be connected to
cause a fire.

Ox
at

yg
He

en
Fuel
We call this a FIRE TRIANGLE

at

Ai
He

Fuel r
 Fire Triangle
The red side is the HEAT side.
 Fire Triangle
The yellow side is the FUEL side.
 Fire Triangle
The blue side is the OXYGEN side.
Fire Triangle
If we remove any one side of the triangle,
the fire cannot happen

Remove the HEAT

sources, and there is
nothing hot to start
the fire
If we remove any one side of the triangle,
the fire cannot happen

Remove the FUEL

sources, and there
is nothing to burn.
If we remove any one side of the triangle,
the fire cannot happen

Remove the
OXYGEN and there
is nothing to feed the
fire.
What should you do if your
clothes catch on fire?

 Stop, drop and roll

 Rolling over and over takes the oxygen away from
the fire and the fire goes out
 Stop - where you are

 Never run
 DROP to your hands and knees and lie on
the ground
 ROLL over and over, back and forth, with your hands covering
your face, until the fire is out

 Since fire needs oxygen to live, rolling back and forth over and
over will smother the fire.
Burn Prevention and
Treatment
 There are three degrees of burns
that tell us how serious our burn is:
 First Degree
 causes redness of the skin and is the least
serious
 Second Degree
 causes red, blistered skin
 Third Degree
 worst burn and causes white or charred skin
 It is important to treat your burn correctly, no
matter what degree it is

 Cool the burned area with cool water

for at least 10 minutes
Seek medical treatment, if
necessary

 Never put butter or ice on your burn

 the doctor will give you something if needed
Burns are very painful, no matter
what type or what degree, so it is
important to prevent them from
happening.
There are six different
types of burns that can
cause very serious burns
 Scald
 burns that are caused by hot water, steam, or
food or liquids from microwaves
 Flame
 burns that occur when clothing ignites from
sources such as a match, stove, candle or
other open flame.
 Electrical
 burns that occur when someone comes in
contact with a frayed cord, pokes something
into an electrical outlet, or comes in contact
with a high tension power line
 Sun
 burns that result from too much exposure to
the sun or sun lamps like in tanning booths
 Contact
 burns that result from touching hot surfaces
such as ovens, heaters, irons or grills
 Chemical
 burns that occur when items such as drain
cleaner, bleach or other household cleaners
are touched or swallowed.
What are some of the ways we
can avoid being burned?
 Not letting our children to play with matches,
lighters, or any other open flames
 Keeping stay away from hot liquids
 Be careful when eating foods from the
microwave - cool them first
 Keep children stay out of the kitchen when
cooking
What are some of the ways we
can avoid being burned?
 Never touch space heaters, wood stoves or
fireplaces
 Stay away from grills and campfires
 Be careful when running your bath water
 Use sun screen when outdoors
 Do not touch cleaning liquids
 Do not play with extension cords or electrical
plugs
8 tips to Prevent children burns and
scalds (burns from hot liquids)
 Set your water before your children get in the tub.
 Test the water before your children get in the tub.
 When children are in the tub stay close by.
 Use safety caps to keep children from putting things into
electrical outlets.
 Put children away from the range when you are cooking.
children should stay three feet away from stove to prevent
burns.
 Lock up all matches and lighters.
 Only use candles when an adult in in the room. blow out
candles if you leave the room or go to sleep
 Gasoline can catch fires with only a tiny spark. store it in a
special safety can. never bring it indoors even in small amounts.
REMEMBER - burns are very
serious - but then can be avoided
 Safety in the kitchen
 Be careful never transfer poisonous or caustic products to
drinking glasses, pop or other food containers.
 Knives and other sharp objects should be stored out of the
reach of children.
 Be careful not to wear loose fittings clothing when cooking.
 Keep kitchen clutter away from stove and
 All the family members should know to stop, drop and roll
if clothes catch fire.
 oven
 Avoid loose, Flammable clothing .Clothing often catches
fire around candles, matches ,fire places and stove
Looks and tastes great,
right? You should see what
a hot liquid will do to a
child’s skin when the two
come into contact.

Be sure to keep
hot liquids out of
reach of small
children.
Kitchen Fire Safety
 we have learned six types of burns which type of burns
what do you think would occur most often in the
kitchen?

 Scald
 Contact
 Scald
 burns that are caused by hot water, steam, or
food or liquids from microwaves
 Contact
 burns that result from touching hot surfaces
such as ovens, toasters, or coffee pots
 Food and liquids from microwaves can also
cause scald and contact burns
 What are some of the ways you can avoid
getting these kinds of burns?
 Stay out of the kitchen when mom or dad is
cooking
 if you have little brothers or sisters you can watch
them while mom or dad is cooking in the kitchen
 Never reach for anything on the stove or in
the oven
 you could pull a pan full of hot liquid or food over
on yourself or someone else
 Don’t carry hot liquids around the kitchen
 you could spill them on someone or even yourself
 What are some of the ways you can avoid
getting these kinds of burns?
 Don’t store anything in cupboards above
the stove
 reaching over the stove or climbing on it to reach
something could cause a very serious burn injury
 keep little kids from climbing up to get something

 Appliance cords should be kept rolled up and

not dangling over the edge of the counter
 little kids could pull an appliance down on
themselves or someone else
 What are some of the ways you can avoid
getting these kinds of burns?
 Never store grease or oil around a stove or
in the oven
 grease and oil very easily catch on fire
Burns are very painful, no matter
what type or what degree, so it is
important to prevent them from
happening.
Understanding Fire
extinguishing Basics
 What are some of the most
common causes of home fires?
 Careless use of smoking materials
 Children playing with matches and lighters
 Cooking left unattended on the stove
 Overloaded electrical outlets
 Unattended candles
 Any others?
 In our homes, if we keep the heat sources
away from the fuel sources...
 We can prevent a fire from happening.
 The best way to prevent a fire is to correct
hazards that can cause a fire.
 What are some of the hazards you see in this
picture and what can we do to correct them?
 Think about your bedroom. What are some
of the hazards that might exist there?
 Extension cords running under clothes,
furniture, or rugs
 Furniture in front of windows that may be used
as a secondary exit
 Cluttered closets - stuff piled too close to the
light
 Burning incense or candles in your bedroom
 Lamps or novelty lights left on
 Any others?
 Does your bedroom have a smoke alarm in
it?
 Do you sleep with your bedroom door open or
closed?
 Always sleep with your bedroom door closed
 Closed doors help to limit the spread of smoke
and fire
 Is your bedroom in the basement?
 Do you have a window in your room for
escape if needed?
 The best way to prevent a fire is to correct
hazards that can cause a fire.
 What are some of the hazards you see in this
picture and what can we do to correct them?
REMEMBER - Fire moves very
fast and gets very hot very quickly -
so get out immediately and stay
out!
Fire Classes
A Trash Wood Paper C Electrical Equipment

 wood
 cloth • energized
 paper electrical
 rubber equipment
 many plastics

• gasoline COMBUSTIBLE • magnesium

B Liquids Grease
• oil • sodium
• grease • potassium
• tar • titanium
•

•
oil-based
paint
lacquer
D •
•
zirconium
other
flammable
• flammable METALS metals
gases
 Fire Classes (cont.)

CLASS K FIRES
K Cooking Media
• Recently recognized by NFPA 10.

• Fires involving combustible

vegetable or animal non-
saturated cooking fats in
commercial cooking equipment.
 Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
PRESSURE GAUGE
DISCHARGE LEVER (not found on CO2
extinguishers)

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYING

AND SEAL HANDLE

DISCHARGE HOSE

DATA PLATE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

DISCHARGE ORIFICE
 In the event of a fire,
your personal safety is your
most important concern.

Remember – you are

not required to fight a fire.
BEFORE you consider fighting a fire . . .

 Call the fire department.

 Confirm that the fire is small and is not spreading.
 Confirm you have a safe path to an exit not threatened
by the fire.
 You know what kind of
extinguisher is required
and the correct extinguisher
is immediately at hand.
NEVER fight a fire if . . .

 The fire is spreading beyond the immediate area in

which it started, or if it is already a large fire.

 The fire could block your escape route.

 You are unsure of the proper operation of the

extinguisher.

 You doubt that the extinguisher you are holding is

designed for the type of fire at hand or is large
enough to fight the fire.
Multi-Class Ratings

Many extinguishers available today can be used on different types

of fires and will be labeled with more than one designator, e.g. A-B,
B-C, or A-B-C.
This label shows that this extinguisher
can be used on ordinary combustibles
(A) or flammable liquids (B). The
red slash through the last symbol New Style of Labeling
tells you that the extinguisher cannot
be used on electrical fires (C).

Be advised that most fire

extinguishers will function for
Old Style of Labeling
less than 40 seconds.
10 Tips on How and When
to Use a Fire Extinguisher
1
Most fires start small. Except for explosions,
fires can usually be brought under control if they
are attacked correctly with the right type and size
of extinguisher within the first 2 minutes!

2 A fire extinguisher should be "listed and

labeled" by an independent testing laboratory. The
higher the rating number on an A or B extinguisher,
the more fire it can put out. Be careful, high-rated
units are often heavier models. Make sure you can
hold and operate the model you are using.
 3 Before attempting to fight a small
fire, be sure everyone is out of the area.
Ensure someone has called the fire
department.
If the fire starts to spread or threatens
your escape path, get out immediately!

4
The operator must know how to use the
extinguisher quickly without taking time to
read directions during an emergency.
Remember that the extinguishers need care
and must be recharged after every use.
IF YOU FIGHT A FIRE, REMEMBER THE WORD
PASS
PULL . . . AIM . . . SQUEEZE . . . SWEEP

5 PULL... the pin. Some extinguishers

require releasing a lock latch, pressing a
puncture lever or other motion.

6
AIM... low, pointing the
extinguisher nozzle (or it's horn
or hose) at the base of the fire.
 7 SQUEEZE... the handle. This
releases the extinguishing agent.

SWEEP... from side to side at the base 8

of the fire until it appears to be out. Watch the
fire area in case fire breaks out again, and
repeat use of extinguisher if necessary.

9 Read and follow the directions on your

extinguisher. If you have the slightest doubt
about whether or not to fight a fire – DON’T!
Get out and close the door behind you.
10 Ask your fire department about training and practice
in the use of fire extinguishers. Many departments offer
training sessions to the public.

Learn how and when to use a fire

extinguisher
BEFORE an emergency and . . .
always keep your fire extinguisher fully
charged!
HOME HAZARD HUNT

 Do you believe that your home is a safe place to be?

 Statistics show that most fires, accidents and injuries occur
at home.
 An important step in family preparedness is the
identification of hazards in your home.
 Once the hazards identified, it doesn’t take much time or
effort to make your home a safer place to be through action
plan.