WATER

AVAILABILITY
Umboro

DURATION CURVE

Discharge a m3/s occur along observation period (100%)

Discharge b m3/s only occur half of observation period (50%)

Depenable Discharge
Q
(m3/s)
Storage volume
Release volume
Depenable discharge

Calculation of Duration
curve
Daily Q (m3/s)

5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50

Frequency

22
46
118
84
42
34
14
5
365

Total Frequency

365
343
297
179
95
53
19
5

% Cumulative

100
94
81
49
26
14.5
5.2
1.4

Duration Curve

Mass curve

Hydrograph (left) and Mass curve (right)

Mass Curve Calculation

T (hour)

Q (m3/s)

V (10^3 m3

Vcum (10^3 m3)

10

25.2

25.2

15

45.0

70.2

25

72.0

142.2

20

81.0

223.2

18

68.4

291.6

Reservoir Design
Example
Water demand of a city is function of percentage daily
maximum water demand.
Water supplied by continue pump station from 08.00 am
to 6 pm.

Time (hour)

Water demand (% max

daily water demand)

Water supply (% max

daily water demand)

0-1

1-2

2-3

0.5

3-4

0.5

4-5

0.5

5-6

2.5

6-7

7-8

8-9

10

9-10

10

10-11

10

11-12

7.5

10

Time (hour)

Water demand (% max

daily water demand)

Water supply (% max

daily water demand)

11-12

7.5

10

12-13

11

10

13-14

8.5

10

14-15

10

15-16

10

16-17

10

17-18

10

18-19

19-20

20-21

21-22

22-23

23-24

Time (hour)

Water
demand (%
max daily
water
demand)

Water supply
(% max daily
water
demand)

Different

Cummulative
different

0-1

-2

-2

1-2

-1

-3

2-3

0.5

-0.5

-3.5

3-4

0.5

-0.5

-4

4-5

0.5

-0.5

-4.5

5-6

2.5

-2.5

-7.0

6-7

-3

-10

7-8

-3

-13 *

8-9

10

+6

-7

9-10

10

+4

-3

Time (hour)

Water
demand (%
max daily
water
demand)

Water supply
(% max daily
water
demand)

Different

Cummulative
different

11-12

7.5

10

+2.5

+5.5

12-13

11

10

-1

+4.5

13-14

8.5

10

+1.5

+6.0

14-15

10

+3

+9.0

15-16

10

+5

+14.0

16-17

10

+7

+21.0

17-18

10

+5

+26*

18-19

-5

+21

19-20

-5

+16

20-21

-7

+9

21-22

-5

+4

22-23

-2

+2

RESERVOIR VOLUME
VOLUME RESERVOIR = 13 + 26 = 39 % DAILY MAX
WATER DEMAND

Mass inflow and mass

outflow