Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)

(PISA)
# (.)
1





 


!" "#

$
!#
"%#% #"##" !& ! '(

!""#" &#)&#!
! 
#"# *
!""#
#"
%+ #! #+
 !#$
 ! 
"#! #',#!% ( "/% #"
!#!
.)#%
#
/"'# ! "
#&$"# $).! 
 !#
""01)!  # !
$

 ',#!+  #

" ', &

') !*!')/"

 #) (Programme for International Student Assessment % PISA) BC!! 
&

')/")! "! &

"!( ! "

/#.1 "


   2

 

 3

 
 ! "  #

 
 $
%&' 
($
%
)*+
 
$
%
* $
%&',$- ..'. 2538 $
% 2 3.4 " 

      31 
 2538 ( !"
1)
&  2
2656.5

!"#$ %&' 3

$ %&'
1706.5

949.9

64.2%


1578.4



92.5%

 

1237.1

35.8%

128.1

7.5%





78.4%

341.3

21.6%
 

101.6

 

23.2

6.8%

79.3%

 


26.5

20.7%

 


318.1

93.2%

$%

1.  )$
%
)+&$3.*
2. !+ $
%
)*+
  ( $
%
  +
%)  15 45 65 $3. $
%
7 +, 
 &$3" 7 )) +   "%/
(7 .
  
* 

 4


   2

!
 &" !#!! !'D ##$'

&(
) 1 : '

R088Q01

" $
%
)*+
 "* &$3 2 " 9 ,
1. 
  "%9 
2. )*+  "%7 , )*+  
3.   &9: &)" "%7 &9: &)"
4. , 
 "%7 +, 
 

&(
) 2 : '

R088Q03  0 1 2 9

$
%
,)*+
 7 +, 
  & 7
(,&+$
%
7 , 
+"%
$
%
)
....................................................................


   2

 5

&(
) 3 : '

R088Q04  0 1 2 9

  !#

 
  $
%
,9
 "  *+,), !
 9#+ &
( +

", &"+ , 49 

(9*)+ 
> 
 : > 
 : >7 +, 7 +, "

  @ 9 @
 
 @
,A

.* &
!B7 &9: &)"  + 35 $*C
!D!  + 43 $-    60
*)# /*$ F
*'5G &9: &)"  + 21 $ +  + 28 $- &.! +
 7$ "% "*
  
D!  + 55 $- 7 &+   
(7 
9
   
2+  + 80 $- +*  ,
  +
 9&

 6


   2

&(
) 4 : '

R088Q05  0 1 9

 9!) 
& "&+)*
 ,
$ !97 &+)*A $
+
 " &$3"*G2% 4 +   !97    ) "*G2%)$
%,
 !%&$"+7$
(7 ,9"%$- #+&+)" "
 ") >&$"+@ 
( >7 &$"+@

(9*)+ 
 &*+,-./0$1

$*+

) ,9"%  (&   +, 

 )

&$"+ / 7 &$"+

 )
+"% (&  64.2%)

&$"+ / 7 &$"+

 )$
%
(&  2656.5)

&$"+ / 7 &$"+

 +&9,9 !

&$"+ / 7 &$"+

&(
) 5 : '

R088Q07  0 1 9

 "#

 
  &,
$ !97 * 
4 &7" +)!C &  &+


+ + ,  !)"  !& 

(9


&"( &)+ !97   &$3&.
% $
%#+ F,
45%7

1.
2.
3.
4.

&$"+$"& (&)" &$"+7$
 $
%

) $
%&'
$
%& +9"%"
 9"%"


   2

 7

-230 4*
  PLAN , 9 + & 1996

./0.
*;0,$2&$&**





 



 

 

1
1 053
10 195
984

0
0
0
0

6
719
2 240
396

0
0
2 400
0

7
425
0
305

1
1 003
0
0

2
20
0
581

0
80
0
0

9
1 085
251 402
17

26
4 385
266 237
2 283

0
667
0
8 897
12 321
3 200
44
0
1 160

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

367
0
45 650
5 761
1 598
3 689
50
34
3 000

0
41 200
9 600
0
0
250
8
0
568

970
0
1 182
2 000
154
1 564
93
0
3 617

115
69 106
8 769
6 040
0
1 725
31
14
0

565
0
7 285
0
0
1 794
45
0
0

0
150
150
0
0
0
0
0
0

303
0
58 387
434
2 014
4 109
82
33
350

2 320
111 123
131 023
23 132
16 087
16 331
353
81
8 695

50
143
0
0
0
0
265
225
2
2 214
1.2
0
0
448

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
95
0
0
0
0

2 403
0
15
8
28
392
520
596
2
3 522
26
4
1 092
2

0
0
0
93
0
0
0
0
0
232
0
2
0
0

57
0
7
14
1
2
0
0
3
200
0
11
1 500
0

162
0
13
0
0
0
0
2
0
3 575
0
0
0
0

23
0
0
27
0
0
1
6
3
814
0
0
0
0

96
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
0
0
0
0

4 311
0
159
220
0
31
2
313
2
2 693
53.4
1
18 405
44

7 102
143
194
362
29
425
788
1 142
12
13 365
80.6
18
20 997
494

&:A7
*&! )+&"(  ./*9





4  *+  4 
(&":)
KL
.*  *+&$3&)" 1 )*
&:A7
* 
&
! > 1 *$ F


 

 8

$0+ $* %4."3



RESA

ABC


 1 *$ F
N(/
*
! *(KL*
N(/
*
! *(&
+
N(/
*
! &
(*&
+
*&
+7
*) )+&"(  &" &
+/
'5G
#
&
+N(/
*
! #9O%&
+

 &
+4 )

$
*$
&
+
,D
*

, &+7,$-$
% 2

*/*A


   2

/
 ) N5

% +, , &
(
/$
*$

& %  "

 
% (

 
%
 (
$
*$
 9 #

 PLAN

  , &.(
*$
%#+ F 9 #



 
($
*$
$
%  4!

   1 )* 
( )
$
*$
4" +A  +, 
%+% + )5

 %. 
 )

*)7
*$
%#+ F#+9
 )$T*!" +
 )  7BBT & 7$45, 

#! !# ',C! !!)E*!E
 "%!'D

PLAN &"
', &"'J)#)! !!E PLAN
(&)(!C! (K)
#
"#) !
 &"!"%##$'

&(
) 6: !&+,-,. PLAN

R099Q04A

%*!

 PLAN ,$
%&'&C!#&$-+ ,$- 1996 &$3+ 7
& (&$
+&+*
$
%&'(A , ! &+)*
1.
2.
3.
4.

,&C!#&$-+ !

) $
%&'(A
,&C!#&$-+ !

9 ) $
%&'(A

%*!

$
% 2& A *$
%&'(
!

  + '*+  "%, ( 9

E 7: *
G& &A PLAN

R099Q04B  0 1 2 9

,$- 1996 $
%&'&C!#&$-+&$35,$
%&'+ ,#"
 &:
!*" )"%  ",9
 , C! + &$37$7 
*
%*
!

F

%) $
%&' PLAN ,$
%&'&C!#&$-+& (&+*,$
%&'(A
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................


   2

 9

4* 4H

10

15

20

25

30

&C7 
 )  )*  " )  9* ) &*  +  +  &KT   + &+:  &+(    9 "  +*    5 
 " %  +
! KUV     +A   +7$,
%*      5  "   7
A 45  9 K &
! 9
 + 7"   !',9
%** " ") ,  :&
! 5
"%+,9

%*+"%"*
%*&! *)# ") *)# &"  "&"+)7$9 )+
"%
 "9 9" (2%&C "*"*  7&) 4 "%"
!
+ &C9*&+) +++  &
(:"+ +7$*
% ") &"(9 "+ 9!
+ +KUV& (N. 9 97 
%   *!* 7)  +*N5 & 7"%
5&
(+A
KUV9
 &  &: &.++7 )#".  " +&$3%&"&)!
) ) &$" "%4
% )+K   4"( +7$*) &)!)   &CN5
 
W & (&
(&.(,"+ 7&)" &! ) 9:& 
%* 7 
% 

* .*
7$   & ( 7)*9#O,D %""%$"+, "+9
%
& &+)*&
("+ +7$")
7  ,
)+79 45&C%9%#:&$" $
%#+ F&.
%7  ,
7+! (A :
)) ++*
)+&"(9*)&&.(
*G  )& 7) %+!:9 
( &.(
*G )!9
9*)&7):7 &C&: *"*"+ 7$ +   &+& +
)*+, '. &C
7)  *&$3 ,
*
5+
!A &: *"+7$+ * 9&  7$
+") 9 "* ) (#
+9*) $" "% "  +K
% &C7+!
&+
&( +&(" 
9 & (%*&
)*!  )!9 &C) 9%&+"(9"  #9O% &9+
& ) ".("%, & *7), ") *"*:&+&X+O 
)D
& (
.+ + %!," #"+5 *7) ") *:"+&&9
)*7 O)7$ 9 

Y
% &C+5&9+7)  #"  57$ 5 "%"+7$ 9
) + )& (7) &+
%*N& A "):&+ +7$ ")
% :
+A  "$"+, *)"*&! + &C"*,"%*+&$3&)"  
545
)
  ) ($" "  " K97 ++ &CN'
G%" (+*+5
&9+7) ")&""*7$
, )5(* &+
 ,&C%9( &+
*#+) ,&C%"5
.
)"5+(*+*7 9( ,) (&C%& *&9+ &+**    
  &C7+!&+&"(7) +   ,D ,&!&+& (&+

(
) 7$  &$3 "*:7 ") *:&  7  9
A 9
7$9    ")74"
7$9 ) + )  97 *& &CBU&+!"%,
 7$")"+7$9  + !
 10


   2

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

7)&.+&+K"%&+N* 7" +   & " +&$3)5) &+7$

") &C9*)+&9+&(%"*+")& (7+!&+
 
),"&+& (+
, &C"5*&9+ (
%*) &+:$Z7
&B[" &C& "  +5$Z
7)*9* >*,
?@ &C9%#4
&+9"* &$3&+
&! N A 9
)") " " 45) &(+
 ")) &+*) &$" :&  &C4+"* &9+ 7 ) %&$3%7
:9 +
9
* &C7+!&+& ( *&"(7)+4)
%&+   "): &+& ("9
&C& + 4 " 7  & +9% +* 
)*  * 9 
Y * ,  +&.( 
  & ,  &C
")) *&$3%7
> )9*),D@ N54.*. *97 4
4
#"+ 7$& (
 *( @)*D@  .
 * )
#+7 
59*) &C (, "%"  $Z7
&B[") !+9* &C7 &+
&:&( &"+, )!9 &C&+7+!(.45"%&+7+!&+
& (&:$)
.) *
%+%7" &+&  )9%+K  
*  9 +,"*$
%9*9 
9%+
4 &C&KT  9 , "%$"+,&  )4*
%) K  "% + & (4*+,

&C:7 &$3%7
 *9)F
 ++9%+&  **&":5! &+
"%

&$3
*
)
, ) :&":"  K 7 *& (*) (5 &C+**
&9+ 9*):("% )* *&+, . +&
(,  9
5$)
 )&.
%+57
&B["
7) &C.+ + !%7 &"(7))+&
) &+*5%$",&  )*9(9*)
5  &C&
:9*)& (9*)&C)7$9
&"(7)  K+*&"
)*) %7 
)*+ , " "*)& &C
4 &: K9"
%&$3"
&":A "%7"7$(
$
"*)A +7 4 ) 7  &+&  )9*)*&"(7)
" ) ,9 *  7$" ) : 7  &C) $Z  7)  A " ) +   &9 ++ & +
! 7$
 9  *+*+*  +
!
%&+ 9 7$9#O9 &C
)*%%

%+% %
%#57$!+" *7 9,") & &C&: + A  **
*&$3
%A    #N &:N#
 4 %+! *9
 **+% +  + )
 *)7$ &C+"* +!$Z & ( **"* #+7  
&9( 7  
 
(

&
:" &( *
%#.
)  9  
% 9  59 &C" ""*&+

 .
 *+$Z5+!7$  9  &C 7 &: *")9 9&C+!."  *&
!
&"(7)") &C &:*)"%)#"* *)  9 7$
&C9*)*& & (4+ "&9+ &+&$3*)%%#
% 7""%
 +K ) &+:&+(&+  ,) 9*,&! " +7$ &C& : 9  "%&9
+
$Z7).
 "*
+ . )
&C+7$
* & &( 9*)* "*"*&

   2

 11

70

75

80

85

90

*)&+*&  & (& ( ) *)7$ &$3

*
9*9K&
! 9 &C+ %
7
,*9*)& ,*(A "%,*!+ 4 ) &C&(9*)"&9+ ")5
) 5 " 7" &C)
%7$& (+* # ,9* ,94+*#" 
(
&
(%4 .*. 7$ 2%9*)&+7$ 9
#"  ) $)&+,&9() &C+*
7 7!%7
&"+  7 7)  & 7
&C:!)#N& &+)*&  )*& &C+A &!+&
7$,
*) ")7B BZ&"(+ 2-3  4  7 " &C9, &  
(#9O%  BZ
 *&C:  
)*"  &.  "&( 9 "&$3 ! A "),",
%%&":
"!&( ,&C&)+'
G% +*.  $U&  7)
)") "%&C
4  B 
 &"(&BZ
2% "*  
&C&(%"( &  )* 
%* *
 *:!)& (* >
Y*!%@ &C
 * >")Y*45%*
*@ ")&C: &+" +*)&
%
.
 *"  +, & (&C)&( 
)*(9% &+
"5+," &  )
, (7 &C*&
"*   !  &
:  &C"*  7$ & 9 +  
*  "%+!  $Z  7
&B[ " 5   4     5 

%* *7 
 *KUV&)" )9*) 7$ ,
%  ")  
 , &C 5 &C+* 
#  *&  )7,2%+*. ) +, +K &C"   A 7$ 9  *+*+
* *
"%&
! &!7$ 9
%&+ &C  *+  7 
5"*)") "%#+7 7!&C
) $Z""%&! &9+7$+*
*)  "*&C&  ) "*&"(9*)+ ! &C
 
)*&"(" ")&! .( "*#"&"7$ 9  ")#+ 7$ 

+9 9   5K * &+

+ !)#+ "%")" +*) )
9,"*)"  & *9)F
 + 9*)&C )+) *,!7 "7$ &C4+
"*
&9+ &C7+!&+&(  "*Y&( *  )7$
9*)&C
& (9(5
* &C
7*) !&$"+7$ K+9 &C
5)   
&"(7)
9 *7 , #"&", + 97$ & (&$[$
%9"%     7$ !$
%*GF,
 +9 &C99 7$+ !& !  9*++ 9"!&++ 9 "7$7 B9  
+*7"& +)
9
% " 97 7) .(
! 9"! .( 2-3 B9
%) 9*) 
"%9#O "%&  )9*)*: +7$") 7 9*+ 
%&+459#O 
+&!&$3 
&"("  +7$  "%
%&+*  +* 

+ 
)*4%&"(9

% )#."

 12


   2


%! L ! MN ##$' (#"   
)

R119Q09  0 1 2 9

E 8: 4* 4H
97$&$3

%) 7 &
( I4* 4H@:


 
   !
2.+ *7+*7
Y*) &C&$3 
)

"*W  ,&(&

() .9"% &9"%7
,
.*" )
.
.........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
. .....................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................


   2

 13


E 9: 4* 4H

R119Q01

4 
2FD!,99&
(&$3+ 7

1.
2.
3.
4.

&C&!) %  "* 7 7

*$
%  
" +)*
&C "*$T*9*)& *9)F$^
 &C4"
)+ )
 +   ) 7.*.  &C7$

&(
) 10: 3!345

R119Q07  0 1 2 9

97$&$3) " )45&( ,&

(
> &+
 ,&C%9( &+
*#+) _.@ (

* 28)
>&+9"* &$3&+
&! N A 9
)") " " 45)
&(+ _.@
(

* 37-38)
>&C&+7+!&+
& (&:$) *
%+%7"@ (

* 44-45)
*&
+!) &.
%&9,&+5&"(" )45&(9*))+) + *" )
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................

E 11: 4* 4H

R119Q06

>") *"*:&+&X+O  

)D
& (*.+ + %!,"_@
(

* 21-22)
&!%7
5* ,9&
(
1.
2.
3.
4.

* +&$3 !A
*&
! "+
*
%*9*#O
* "7$,9 

 14


   2


E 12: 4* 4H

R119Q08  0 1 9

,&
()
D!*, 
&( * &9"%7

...........................................................................................................................................

E 13: 4* 4H

R119Q04

& (D!,&

(.) >")Y*45%*
*@ (

* 76) &C +) ) %7

1.
2.
3.
4.

,)  )%7 
 +"
.+ + % , )"*)
9*,%+! )
) %, 
 )

E 14: 4* 4H

R119Q05  0 1 2 9

*&
+!) $
%#+ +&
( >)*D@ &$3
& % 
(7 
C! + 9 ,&:) *&
+& ,) $
%#+ +& ( #+*)  +
&(&
(+ 7

...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................


   2

 15

+0C


-+%

2




A/G2  2& 2 .,2&.**
G
A .
J**&1
A . +  A/G2  2&
 2 .,2&.**
G
&$3

!&
! "% &!
#+.* 
"
) * ! (A "%$
5G
  .
   +
A . .
 %,) )+&"(.* 
,
  , *  +,"% +
!G* `

A . *&1+
A . *" 9
&$"+ 
+ 
!* #+, !

9 A 97$ :
 !"#$%
"*
*  G2F  "*  .* %
4&:7),W  "&.(,  
*9
  
"%9  ) ,
!G* #"%,
!G*
(A
 &'('"
'*+ ." %7
*

)#+

$
5G **%)  ..
 )#*+",-./%0

*)! 9 A (#+

) (*K^ +
 " )
"%

) &+)*
  
"%
)   .
 12&%&3!-4
A . ,
*"%$
% #

&.( )+
,.* 7&9
+ 9*) 
*  ., A "%
#"*'F, 
 35.#"'6
A .   &$39*) 
*.* 
4,   &(
$
*F
"%
9  ,, 4  &$3

 16

A .
03
,* 1

! ,  + % 
$
5G "%7
*)
&:  2  )+ ),D


!
 '$. " ++ 7 ! ,  +
2 4, + ,
$&!
(
"%
&)"   ,*&

A .  * 1
'$. )+.* 9
&$"+ + 
!*
7 ) % +, 
( +)+   +

%)
&
!  , *

& .
*%)% $
%#+ F9   )

97$.**%) &.(%7
)  9

%7
"%.!
2 45) &$37$7,  %
 *%)%&+*) 
4 
"%
.*a )+   +

9!9* '$. 7 ) ,
2,:9 ,
*%)  *
   "* * %
7
*& !D,&  *9*) '$.

$* 4*/2"0$0
 "&.! &9! 7 "


   2


 &"
'D !# /

"# !"!

E 15: -+%

2

R234Q01  0 1 9

9 $
% '  % "&.! &9! &+)* '$. 7 ,
...........................................................................................................................................

E 16: -+%

2

R234Q02  0 1 9

)!C '$. )+%94  &( 

$
*$
F
)!C
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................


   2

 17



2 C!


 2, !$* K,

)!+ ' 9
F7 )"  b +"%
!+C

*&! 9* 9 $- .'. 1945 & ( 

 " +" 
)!9 G+F)+
%&!$
2 "%)* )! +

, &!5(

  )9! )+)!C&(
C

9! 
*"&$3 *
&
),D 745) +!*

*)

)F )*cG&:")
4( &!
5 "%& (&
:)A  &:&! 9*) :


KU,

FD!% &$3 
&
($"
%
* & !b +"%

!+C

&!5&(

29)*  : 2 9*)
,$
%&'&9
&"+ 9*)&9
+ 7) 
*K
,

F&)"N
!#F 

+ 
!#
!#F
9*)
7
*
KU &.(,&9!#9,

F
&)"N 97 $
%" &
:  

+ 9

9*),  9 + % &!7$9 

*$
%*9!&9&
(!9&+
#
.+  "&9
&"+% + 7
*
9*)&"( )
%K ,

FD!(
(7 
N5 D! )   &$3 , 99)* % 
!C!,
*.+F!
!#F
(7  
(9*))
4
 " +7$& 
*  

+  !7)
 ,A 45 99*)

& &! 2%

+*.!
2 )  .
9*)2%7   )9! "%7  !C!d,A 5)

 " +&+
+ 7
:9 2%

 545
b +"%.(W  
!+C

5,&)"  3
&( &.(
*BU) !&: C
2  4 
&+* 
 " +9*) 2%

%
 .!
2 )
*
$U*  

+ , *
,, )!C 
:9*)#
.+  "))!9&
+,N!+F
%9, *&) % + 7
*9*) 
%7
7  !&!* 

+ *
*&.(, *,) %7 &!
2N
+

!#F 9+* $D
U  ++ (A %7

& (&
:)A  K
* &'  D! )5' "&.(D 9
,&C &!" &$[
F  : &+ )9!
7$") )
 + 7
*  
(% + 7

  
*K 
,

F&!&$"+,7 + (

9 *DD
*K 
,

F 7)

* &
)*" &"),
,  b
%&+
&.()
&.! '*+ .
.*a ."*
!)&"+
F,  " +" * &
%9& !D*KU
 +
+ *)*) " &")* #  %
) 
4*)!+ ' 9
F7$, ,  !% 
)&9
&"+ 79* 2%

&.('5G
5 ++  *& 59 
 *&9
&Y. %
2 & (*$ F ")

+ )
9*))
4" +7$ &.
%  b +
%) 
*   b +"% 
!+C

&
%7$*7"
&!7$

! 9*) (97
*  +!+ 
&   
*,
27   +!+ ,

 18


   2



1.) !#!%)E %! L**"
',#!O
N

# #$'

&(
) 17: 6$

R236Q01  0 1 9

&,9$
%#+C! +! )&9
&"+7 &!
&.( )+9*!,) % + 7
*
9*) : 

+ $
%*9!&9&
(!9

&(
) 18: 6$

R236Q02  0 1 9

+9*)+  2 9*)+   

2 C!
) &##"+$U* & 
K
9*) :,

F 
 )  &$3%9 b, 
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................


   2

 19

*$*G1L
G
2&+9(5 ")
5)  + !$9!7 ?
*()** 
*Y*
Y*"5*&9+

9 Y*&$[  
 '&")
 + e K "*&"
 *Y* "7$ D
, ")! & *7 e &9
F7NF
*:+*.*& (& ((
"% Y*:&
! $)

%! >#E$BE@ %##$'

E 19: *$*G1L
G

R402Q01

&9
2F + &!5*,&
(& (( &9
2F*(%7

1.
2.
3.
4.

 '7  , &9

F7NF 

 '7  ,,&
(7$ 7 7
,&
(N( &9
F7NF*, 
,&
($
%*9!&9 &9
F7NF

 20


   2


E 20: *$*G1L
G

R402Q05

* 7 " )) : >, ")!@

 7 ,&
(5" ) 
1.
2.
3.
4.

,&
(  + + 7 &
:
2%,&
(& ,")) )**%7 &")
 +*
,&
( 7"))  7  + 5!$9!7$
,&
( ) 7&: &9
F7NF

E 21: *$*G1L
G

R402Q02

> *()** 

*Y*@
)**()*,
1.
2.
3.
4.

)*
)*7 
)* 9(&9
)* &(

E 22: *$*G1L
G

R402Q06

 7 &+5&
! &
()+ 4
1.
2.
3.
4.

&.
%&+9

 9
&.(,  )
) *&
(*
&.
%&$3 4 9+
&.(&9( ) $
%
2F 7+


   2

 21


4+*


)* '
&+)57 +!& "%N( 5 N5&  *7$KU"," +
  .& & &!7$)*  & 5*&9&:) &+)7$*+& 
59*!,*9 ) &"(7)& 7   :.) "*&
( *9!N7) "%& (
"7$:. "%# + *7$ & (&+) 
* :.9" ) &$" & 5&
!
5 9*)&"%
 
)D&+*)+) &'
 #'&+, &.( &:&  +*)
&'
 #'"%7
*
45 &9 5" )) >) 9F&4!+ &+,7$&"+  :& !,7),
" ! ")!)  +*) +9
* *:,"& (*9+*  + + 7
&+ :
& (*7   *+") &.
% 7 7 * , &"+*!@
!
)%! L !N %##$'

E 23:
4

R433Q01  0 1 9

 )  " "%,9*)&"9 " *&9

2F&!5,&
(
&+)9*!,&$"+&! +* &$3
+5# + &+)
&+)" ")N *9!& 7),*
&.( &+)& , ! ) 

E 24:
4

R433Q07  0 1 9

&+)7 + 7

...........................................................................................................................................

 22


   2

R433Q05  0 1 9

E 25:
4

(
%) 7 &
( >&+)* @
&.(   

*&+ &  %
% ,
+ ()
! 

7  & 
+ *7 7
!&$3
! *D,
&
(

-/"/3
 1

-/"/3
 2

. 2 %,&9"*  & &) + 7

...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................

E 26:
4

R433Q02

,)  *D&
((%7

1.
2.
3.
4.

+ &:%   

44# +7

7),(4(&$3!." 

7 7,  :& (*) 7  !*
+ &+,*!&$"+$"7 7


   2

 23

  12
0E  *
$
"!9
) *%)!&'G+ 7
4 
4 >   7"@1  +)!&":
!F 
+ 2   .!)&9
F
(#
'*.F! 7 957$&+,
4& "F
(
47B
97$ 
(7 9&+&)" &$3 *)# A &! 7$-"*   2
4  7:7
9
"!45# * ,
   %&!5!
"

& M0+$0

" *)# 
&! "%"
, ."* &+) &:7 *) &$3) ! 9&$T  +
*)
 , &
:#+
.*a
 )"  
(

*$
%*)   %9*+,"*+
 '*+ ) !%&+%+ )
   7")
&$3)5,)!4 )!9 9% .
, +*9*)& 5& * &
9

!A 
(%,)
5&$3)5
  +7$

#)
>
   7"@ (Telecommuting) &$3 *DD*9!5#+ O !"F , )9')

G 1970 &.(

454 
2F  )+ .!)&9
F   * "  (&   ) "% ""%&
7$+*
 * "   +#
'*.F

,  L
   7"N  &.(9 4 97$
R458Q01

E 27:   12

) * .*CF
%)  >)!4  9@ * >)  +%
$r!*9!@ (%7

1.
2.
3.
4.

& , #9+9 *&.("

$
) &+)*
& &+,
$& (*9&$3*)99 *#+!& !
&   *)7$& (* 97$45 )
$9 *
&   *+*,*)&+)*

 24


   2


E 28:   12

R458Q07  0 1 9

 5+  % $UD 4    7" ( %7

,&9"$
% 9*&
+
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................

E 29:   12

R458Q04

) , ""% 9! % ) &:9

*
1.
2.
3.
4.

)
7
*D 9,   *)# :79 .)& 9

7 , ) !, &)" &!7$,

&! 7$  

   7" 7 & %*


 ) * .*CF * &$3) *D
  


   2

 25