AGENDA

SEISMIC ACTIVITY

NGC'S POLICY ON PIPELINE DESIGN

MITIGATION

SCOPE

SEISMIC ACTIVITY TYPES AND EFFECTS ON

THE PIPELINE SYSTEM

NGC'S POLICY ON OVER-ENGINEERING

MITIGTION OF THE EFFECT OF SEISMIC

ACTIVITY ON PIPELINE NETWORK

SEISMIC ACTIVITY
Seismic Activity is defined as a sudden
movement of the Earths crust caused by the
release of stress accumulated along
geological faults or by volcanic activity.

SEISMIC ACTIVITY - TYPES

FAULT MOVEMENT

EARTHQUAKES

SEISMIC ACTIVITY - TYPES

FAULT MOVEMENT

LATERAL SPREADING

LAND DISPLACEMENT

SEISMIC ACTIVITY - TYPES

FAULT MOVEMENT

LATERAL SOIL MOVEMENT

SEISMIC ACTIVITY - TYPES

FAULT MOVEMENT
LAND DISPLACEMENT

SEISMIC ACTIVITY - TYPES

FAULT MOVEMENT
LAND DISPLACEMENT

SEISMIC ACTIVITY - TYPES

EARTHQUAKE

SOIL LIQUEFACTION / PERMANENT GROUND

DEFORMATION

BUOYANCY

SEISMIC ACTIVITY - TYPES

SOIL LIQUEFACTION / PERMANENT GROUND
DEFORMATION

10

SEISMIC ACTIVITY - TYPES

EARTHQUAKE

BUOYANCY

11

SEISMIC ACTIVITY EFFECTS ON

PIPELINES

PIPELINE COMPRESSION AND TENSION

PIPELINE DEFORMATION

12

HOW DOES NGC DEAL WITH PIPELINE

DAMAGE?

13

OVER-ENGINEERING

PROS

INCREASE THE THICKNESS OF THE PIPE

TO WITHSTAND THE EFFECTS OF SEISMIC
ACTIVITY
INCREASES THE DUCTILITY OF THE
PIPELINE TO ACCOMMODATE THE FAULT
MOVEMENT OF THE PIPELINE
BURIAL DEPTH OF THE PIPELINE MAY BE
REDUCED TO MINIMIZE SOIL RESTRAINT
DURING MOVEMENT

14

OVER-ENGINEERING

CONS
-CAUSES DANGER TO THE WORKERS
- TIME CONSUMING

15

NGCS METHODS OF DAMAGE

CONTROL

SHUT-OFF OF GAS

CONTROL ROOM

16

MITIGATION OF SEISMIC EFFECTS ON

PIPELINE NETWORK

17

IMPROVING STRAIN-HARDENING
PROPERTIES OF PIPES

= () - (1+n)
pcr

18

IMPROVING STRAIN-HARDENING
PROPERTIES OF PIPES

19

IMPROVING STRAIN-HARDENING
PROPERTIES OF PIPES

20

IMPROVING STRAIN-HARDENING
PROPERTIES OF PIPES
ADVANTAGES

REDUCED MATERIAL COSTS

IMPROVEMENT IN THE TRANSPORT

EFFICIENCY

HIGH TOUGHNESS AND DEFORMABILITY

SOUR RESISTANCE PROPERTY

21

IMPROVING STRAIN-HARDENING
PROPERTIES OF PIPES
CONS

UNDESIRABLE RESIDUAL STRESS MAY BE

PRODUCED

22

MITIGATION
BUOYANCY

PIPELINES MAY BE ENCASED WITH

CONCRETE PIPES

CONTRETE WEIGHTS OR GRAVEL FILLED

BLANKETS

SHALLOW BURIAL OF PIPELINE

ANCHORS

23

MITIGATION

EARLY DETECTION SYSTEMS

AUTOMATED SHUT-OFF VALVES

MANUAL OVERRIDE FROM CONTROL ROOM

24

MITIGATION
CROSSING FAULTLINE
CHANGE IN JOINT DESIGN AND SELECTION

SLIP JOINTS

BALL JOINTS

25

MITIGATION
CHANGE IN JOINT DESIGN AND SELECTION

BALL JOINTS

26

MITIGATION
CHANGE IN JOINT DESIGN AND SELECTION

SLIP JOINTS

27

Slip joint

Ball joints

28

29

REFERENCES

Wilkerson, G. (08th January, 2012). Utility piping:

Why over-engineering is inefficient. Retrieved from
http://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com/Article/3067865
/Utility-piping-Why-over-engineering-is-inefficient.
html
Dash, S., R. ( November, 2007). IITK-GSDMA
Guidelines for Seismic Design of Buried Pipelines.
Retrieved from http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/IITKGSDMA/EQ28.pdf

REFERENCES
Blair, S. (30th June, 2014). Pipeline to Surf Seismic
Waves. Retrieved from
http://www.sfwater.org/modules/showdocument.asp
x?documentid=5770