Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u

HNG DN S DNG SPSS

CHO NGI MI BT U
I/ Gii thiu v SPSS

SPSS (vit tt ca Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) l mt chng trnh
my tnh phc v cng tc phn tch thng k. SPSS c s dng rng ri trong cng
tc thng k kinh t - x hi.
Th h u tin ca SPSS c a ra t nm 1968 v mi nht l th h 18 c gii
thiu t thng 8 nm 2009, c c phin bn cho cc h iu hnh Windows, Mac, v
Linux / Unix.
SPSS c s dng bi cc nh nghin cu th trng, nghin cu y khoa, cng ty
iu tra, chnh ph, cc nh nghin cu gio dc v nhng lnh vc khc. Mt s phn
mm c chc nng thng k khc nh Microsoft Office Excel, STATA, SAS,
Eviews
Cc chc nng c bn:
* Thng k m t (Descriptive statistics): tn s (Frequencies), cc loi bng s liu
tng hp (Cross tabulation, Explore, Descriptive Ratio Statistics)
* Thng k 2 bin s (Bivariate statistics): trung bnh (Means), T-test, ANOVA,
tng quan (bivariate, partial, distances), kim nh phi tham s (Nonparametric tests)
* D bo (Prediction): hi quy (regression), phn tch nhn t (Factor analysis),
cluster analysis (two-step, K-means, hierarchical), bit thc (Discriminant).
u im: d s dng, h tr thao tc thng qua menu ko th v cu lnh, cc bng
biu, bo co c trnh by p, linh hot.
Tp tin nhp liu SPSS c ui m rng .sav, tp tin bng biu cha kt qu c ui
m rng .spv.
Lu khi ci t SPSS i vi bn PASW Statistics 18 (crack)
1) Run Setup/setup.exe
2) Single user license

B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut

Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u

3) Enter no serial number and install

4) In the end uncheck "Register with spss.com"

B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut

Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u

5) Close License Authorization Wizard

6) Copy content of EQX to install dir

B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut

Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u

Choose Yes to replace files

7) Run
II/ Thang o, thu thp v m ha d liu
1. Thang o
D liu nghin cu c th phn chia thnh 2 loi chnh l d liu nh tnh v d
liu nh lng.
Cc d liu ny c thu thp bng 4 thang o c bn c th hin trn s
nh sau:

B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut

Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u

D liu

D liu nh tnh

Thang o danh ngha

Thang o th bc

D liu nh lng

Thang o khong cch

Thang o t l

D liu nh tnh: loi d liu ny phn nh tnh cht, s hn km, ta khng tnh
c tr trung bnh ca d liu dng nh tnh.
D liu nh lng: loi d liu ny phn nh mc , mc hn km, tnh
c tr trung bnh.
Cn ch rng cc php ton thng k dng cho d liu nh tnh c nhng c
im khc vi php ton dng cho d liu nh lng.
Thang o danh ngha (cn gi l thang o nh danh hoc thang o phn
loi) nominal scale: trong thang o ny cc con s ch dng phn loi
cc i tng, khng mang ngha no khc. Nhng php ton thng k
bn c th s dng c cho dng thang o danh ngha l: m, tnh tn
sut ca mt biu hin no , xc nh gi tr mode, thc hin mt s
php kim nh.
ii)
Thang o th bc ordinal scale: lc ny cc con s thang o danh ngha
c sp xp theo mt quy c no v th bc hay s hn km, nhng
ta khng bit c khong cch gia chng. iu ny c ngha l bt c
thang o th bc no cng l thang o danh ngha nhng r rng bn
khng th suy ngc li c.
iii)
Thang o khong interval scale: l mt dng c bit ca thang o th
bc v n cho bit c khong cch gia cc th bc. Thng thng
thang o khong c dng l mt dy cc ch s lin tc v u n t 1
n 5, hay t 1 n 10
Nhng php ton thng k c th s dng thm cho loi thang o ny so
vi 2 loi thang o trc l: tnh khong bin thin, s trung bnh, lch
chun Cn ch l thang o khong t n khng c im 0 c xc
nh trc, do bn ch c th thc hin c php tnh cng tr ch
php chia khng c ngha.
iv)
Thang o t l - ratio scale: thang o t l c tt c cc c tnh khong
cch v th t ca thang o khong, ngoi ra im 0 trong thang o
khong l mt tr s tht nn ta c th thc hin c php ton chia
tnh t l nhm mc ich so snh.
Ni chung vi cc bin thu thp bng thang o khong v thang o t l ta c th
o lng xu hng trung tm bng trung bnh s hc. Cn xu hng phn tn o
bng lch chun, phng sai (khong v t trung v t c s dng n do
i)

B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut

Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u

km hu ch hn). V vy, SPSS gp chung hai loi thang o ny thnh mt gi l
Scale Measures.
2. Thu thp d liu
* Cc phng php thu thp s liu
a. Phng vn trc tip (Face to face interview)
- Phng vn ti nh (Door to door interview)
- Phng vn ti mt a im c th (Central location interview)
- Phng vn chng (Mall Intercept interview)
b. Phng vn qua in thoi
c. Phng vn qua th
d. Phng vn qua internet
e. Quan st (Observation)
* Dng cu hi
a. Cu hi m
b. Cu hi ng
- Cu hi phn i (Dichotomous)
Anh/ch c s dng in thoi di ng khng?
1. C
2. Khng
- Cu hi lit k mt la chn (Single response)
Trong s cc nhn hiu nc ngt c gaz di y bn s dng thng xuyn
nht nhn hiu no?
Coca-Cola
1
Pepsi-Cola
2
7-Up
3
Fanta
4
- Cu hi lit k nhiu la chn (Multiple responses)
Bn tng ving thm a im no trong cc thnh ph di y nc
Lo?
Ving Chn
1
Luang Prabang
2
Luang Namtha
3
Savanakhet
4
- Cu hi sp hng (Ranking)
Trong cc yu t sau y anh/ch hy cho bit mc quan trng nht, nh, ba
trong vic la chn mua mt my in thoi?
Cht lng bt sng
______
Kiu dng thi trang
______

______
Ngun gc xut x
______
- Cu hi phn mc (Scale)
Theo bn, trong nhng cu ni sau y cu no m t ng nht v mu sc
ca bao b sn phm ny?
Qu ti
1
Hi ti
2
Va
3
Hi sng
4
Qu sng
5
- Cu hi chm im.

B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut

Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u

Hy cho im cc sn phm sau t 1 n 10 im theo mc a thch ca
bn
im
Nhn hiu A
____
Nhn hiu B
____
____
Nhn hiu C
Nhn hiu D
____
* Lu : Thng thng, i vi bin Ordinal, ta c th nh dng thnh Scale.
3. M ha d liu
V d:

Nguyn tc l chng ta cn chuyn cc thng tin t dng ch sang dng s

tin hnh nhp liu vo SPSS.
4. X l d liu
Quy trnh x l d liu
- Bc 1: kim tra, hiu chnh bng cu hi
- Bc 2: m ha d liu trn bng cu hi

B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut

Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u

- Bc 3: nhp d liu vo my tnh
- Bc 4: lm sch d liu trn my tnh

III/ Khai bo bin v nhp liu trong SPSS

1. Giao din

1- Thanh menu chc nng

2- Biu tng mt s chc nng thng dng
3- Ct hin th tn cc bin
4- S th t cc dng
5- Data View (ca s nhp liu v th hin d liu), Variable View (ca s khai bo
bin)
2. Khai bo bin
Bng phng vn n gin
1. Loi in thoi di ng m bn s dng chnh?
Nokia
Samsung
Motorola
Khc
2. Mc hi lng chung ca bn khi s dng loi in thoi trn?
Rt khng hi lng 1
2
3
4
5
Rt hi lng
3. Chi tiu trung bnh mt thng cho vic gi in thoi di ng .ngn
4. Bn theo di thng tin v cc loi in thoi mi nh th no?
Khng bao gi
t khi
Thnh thong
Thng xuyn
5. Bn thng s dng tnh nng no

B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut

Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u

Nghe - gi Tin nhn
6. Gii tnh: Nam

Nghe nhc
N

Quay phim, chp hnh

Games

Khc

Khai bo bin

i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
ix)
x)
xi)

Name: tn bin, k t lin tc, khng c khong trng

Type: kiu d liu, s (numeric), ch (string)
Width: rng kiu d liu, nu type l string th width l s k t
ti a
Decimals: lng s thp phn
Label: nhn bin (ch thch cho tn bin)
Values: gi tr m ha d liu
Missing: khai bo gi tr khuyt
Columns: rng ct tn bin
Align: v tr d liu nhp trong ct
Measure: loi thang o ca d liu, Ordinary (thang o th bc),
Nominal (thang o danh ngha), Scale (gm c Interval v Ratio).
Role: vai tr ca bin

Nhp liu

B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut

Hng dn s dng SPSS cho ngi mi bt u

* Lu : c th dng chc nng Copy/Paste sao chp d liu t chng trnh Excel
sang SPSS. Ngoi ra, SPSS cng c th import d liu t file .xls c sn bng cch
vo File > Open > Data> Chn tp tin ui *.xls.
3. Mt s x l trn bin
M ha li bin (Recode)
Vo Transform > Recode into Same Variables hoc Recode into Different
Variables

B mn Ton-Thng k kinh t - H Kinh t-Lut

10