Lucas Linsy

3/14/14
Chapter 7 Study Questions
PE 2113

Nutrition
1. After reexamining the nature and nurture aspects of weight control, two
hypotheses for the development of obesity are; genetics can play a major
role in an individuals weight gain or loss over the life span and
environmental factors such as: food selection, stereotypes and peer pressure
can change the way an individual perceives his image and tries to fit into
society.
2. The two hypotheses that are proposed as a result of the four contributors to
energy expenditure are; healthy body weight can result in longer days in life
and gaining 20 pounds in 2 months is a result of an unhealthy lifestyle.
3. The definition of a healthy weight is weight that is not defined by society or
social media. It is a weight that the individual has no health issues with and
maintains the correct body fat amount for the individuals height as well as
following the body mass index chart.
4. Obesity is defined as having too much body fat. A healthy body weight is
generally determined by using a body mass index.
5. The two most convincing pieces of evidence that both genetic and
environmental factors play significant roles in obesity are nature and nurture.
Naturally we inherit specific body types. Tall, thin people appear to have an
inherently easier time maintaining healthy body weight. Nurture, poverty is
associated with obesity. North Americans of lower socioeconomic status,
especially females are more likely to be obese than those in upper
socioeconomic groups.
6. Three health problems that obese people typically face are hypertension,
cardiovascular disease and gall stones. These are only a few of the problems
associated with obesity. Hypertension is a risk since increased miles of blood
vessels found in the adipose tissue, increased blood volume, and increased
resistance to blood flow related to hormones made by adipose cells.
Cardiovascular disease increases in LDL- cholesterol and triglyceride values,
low HDL-cholesterol, decreased physical activity, and increased synthesis of
blood clotting and inflammatory factors by enlarged adipose cells. Gallstones
are increased as a result of cholesterol content in bile.
7. The three characteristics of a sound weight-loss program are; control of
calorie intake, increased physical activity and acknowledgement that

maintenance of a healthy weight requires lifelong changes in habits, not a

short-term weight loss period.
8. The claim for quick, effortless weight loss by any method is misleading
because rapid weight loss cannot consist mainly of fat loss because a high
calorie deficit is needed to lose a large amount of adipose tissue. Adipose
tissue, mostly fat, contains about 3500kcal per pound.
9. Behavior modification is defined as controlling calorie intake. This can be
achieved by chain-breaking, stimulus control, cognitive restructuring,
contingency management and self-monitoring behavior. Examples of these
are: snacking on chips while watching television (chain breaking), pushing
tempting food to the back of the refrigerator (stimulus control), avoid using
comfort foods as a stress relief (cognitive restructuring), overeating snacks at
a social gathering (contingency management), overeating (self-monitoring).
10.Obesity treatment should be viewed as a lifelong commitment rather than a
short episode of weight loss since we often view a diet as something that
someone goes on temporarily. The type of eating habits that are learned
during this diet must be implemented into the individuals lifestyle. This type
of short-term habit can result in one returning to old eating habits and
regaining all of the weight lost.