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ODE Summary
ODE Summary
(1)
(2)
Linear Equations
General Form: y 0 + p(x)y = f (x)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
p(x)dx
Homogeneous Equations
= N (x, y)
y
3. Simplify and solve for h(y).
2. Set
4. Substitute the result for h(y) in the expression for from step
1 and then set = 0. This is the solution.
Alternatively:
R
1. Let = N (x, y)dy + g(x)
= M (x, y)
x
3. Simplify and solve for g(x).
2. Set
(7)
(8)
4. Substitute the result for g(x) in the expression for from step
1 and then set = 0. This is the solution.
= y 0 = z + xz 0
(9)
(10)
Integrating Factors
Case 1: If P (x, y) depends only on x, where
Bernoulli Equations
(11)
(12)
Substitution: z = y 1n
(18)
P (x, y) =
R
M y Nx
= (y) = e P (x)dx
N
then
z 0 + (1 n)p(x)z = (1 n)q(x)
(19)
is exact.
Exact Equations
(14)
(20)
(15)
(16)
(17)
M=
and N =
x
y
Q(x, y) =
R
Nx M y
= (y) = e Q(y)dy
M
Then
(21)
is exact.
1 2014
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(22)
(23)
(24)
If f (t) =
Pn (t)
Pn (t)eat
Pn (t)eat sin bt
or Pn (t)eat cos bt
y1 y20 y10 y2 = Ce
p(t)dt
Wronskian: W (t) =
y1 (t)y20 (t)
R
p(t)dt
Cauchy-Euler Equation
(40)
(39)
(41)
00
y + p(t)y 0 + q(t)y = 0
y(t0 ) = y0
0
y (t0 ) = y1
00
Homogeneous: ay + by + cy = 0
Non-homogeneous: ay 00 + by 0 + cy = g(t)
Characteristic Equation: ar2 + br + c = 0
b b2 4ac
Quadratic Roots: r =
2a
(44)
(34)
(35)
y1 (t) = (x x0 )n
ak (x xk )k
k=0
(x x0 )2 y 00 + (x x0 )p(x)y 0 + q(x)y = 0
X
First Solution: y1 = (x x0 )r1
ak (x xk )k
k=0
The solution of (30) is y = yp + yh where yh is given by (33)
through (35) and yp is found by undetermined coefficients or Where r1 is the larger real root if both roots of (46) are real or
reduction of order.
either root if the solutions are complex.