You are on page 1of 64

https://mathsgymnasio.wordpress.

com/

4:

, , - ,
1,

16:

, , , 1,

&
, 2014
1.0

ISSN: 2241-9381



,
, .
.
,
, ..,
1 .

, ,
, ,
. 2
, .
, .
.


, .
creative commons,
.
,
.
PIERCE .
1 :
, -, 1,
, , 1,

!
&
mathsgymnasio@gmail.com

Creative Commons 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).

/
:

:
, ., & , . (2014).
, 1, ( 1.0, . 64).
, , ,
.

: ., ., ., ., .,
., . (1999), , , .
2
(dschool.edu.gr)
. .

, :
, 1 -

- 1

. 1.2.

1:

1.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
6......... 98, 99, 100........ 1999,
2000, 2001, ...
.




, 0
, 1.

() :
()
.

() ;
() ,


:
= ,
< >
.
: 0<1<2< ....
<10<11< ... <297< ... <1000< ...

() ,
.

() , .

:

.

()
.


2, (
2)

2.

()


,


,

0.

,
1.
,
,
:
2, 3, 4, 5, ...

.
2. : 370, 234, 558, 92, 703.
mpa11.ggb.
.

v 1.0

5 64

- 1

. 1.2.

.1.2. ,

3.


,
,

,
: + =

0

.
+0=0+=



.

+=+




.

+ ( + ) = ( + ) +

() :
9 + 3 = 3 + 9 = 7 + 5 = 5 + 7 = 8 + 4 = 4 + 8 = 6 + 6 = 0 + 1 = 0+8 =

() ,
12 2.
.....................................................................................................................................
() ;
.....................................................................................................................................
() ;
.....................................................................................................................................

4. :
(5 + 4) + 2 =
5 + (4 + 2) =
(9 + 1) + 3 =

9 + (1 + 3) =

;
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................


,
, ()
()
(),

.
=+
=-

5. -
. : 214,
362, 445, 514, 677, 732,
788 854.
:



,
,

,
:
=

6.

15 .

.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

6 64

- 1

. 1.2.

7. .
1
.
1=1=


.

=



.

( ) = ( )



:
( +) = +


:
( - ) = -

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
8. :
8 (4 + 6)
89 (7 + 3)

7 (6 - 4)

9. :
23 49 + 77 49
76 13 -76 3

78-74

10.
:
5 (6 + 4) = ( 6) + (5 )
9 (7 - 1) = (9 ) - ( 1)
11. :
6 53
5 97

7 402

12. 29
12 .
.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

10, 100,
1.000, ...
:

............................................................................................................................................
13. :
35 10
421 100

5 1.000

27 10.000

................................................
................................................
................................................
............................................

v 1.0

7 64

- 1

. 1.3.

.1.3.

14.
()




.

,




. ..
3+3+3+3+3+3+3+3=
8 3 = 24


; ..
33333333=

..........................................

... ,

,

.


.

,

.
1,

1 , 1.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
() ()
.
.....................................................................................................................................
() ()
.
.....................................................................................................................................
15. , , ,
10. ;
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
16. :
() 333333 ...................................................................................................................
() 111111 ...................................................................................................................
() .........................................................................................................................
() yyy .............................................................................................................................


2
, ,
.

3
, ,
.

() 444444555 ..........................................................................................................
() 5555222 ................................................................................................................
() 333 ................................................................................................................
17. :
() 272 ..............................................................................................................................
() 272 + 3 ........................................................................................................................
() 272 + 32 .......................................................................................................................
() 27 +32 .........................................................................................................................
() 2(7 + 3)2 ......................................................................................................................

v 1.0

8 64

- 1

. 1.3.

18.
O ,



.

: 8 (2 3 + 4 6) + 5 (7 + 7 9) + 10
. 1.312, 600 180.
() .




(
)
:
1. .
2.
3.
.
,



.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
() ;
;
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
() ,
.

19. :
() (2 5)4 + 4 (3 + 2)2

() (2 + 3)3 - 8 32

20. 4
mpa12.ggb.
.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

9 64

- 1

. 1.4.

.1.4. -

21.

,

,
: = +

168 .
() mpa13.ggb.
() , , ,, ;
.....................................................................................................................................


,
,

.

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
() ;
.....................................................................................................................................




:
0<

.....................................................................................................................................
22. 175 .
.
50 ,



. ..


.


0,

:
=

;
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
23. :
() 43 : 7

() 42 : 7

() 42 : 42

() 42 : 1

43 7

42 7

42 42

42 1

() 0 : 42
0

42

;
............................................................................................................................................


0.

;
............................................................................................................................................

= , = 1.

;
............................................................................................................................................

= 1, = .

= 0, = 0.

v 1.0

10 64

- 1

. 1.4.

24. :
() x : x

() x : 1

() 0 : x, x 0


. ..
0
.

25. ;
() 120 = 28 4 + 8

() 1.345 = 59 21 + 106

v 1.0

() 374 = 8 46 + 6

11 64

- 1

. 1.5.

.1.5. ---






.


0, , 2, 3, 4 ....

26. .
: 4 6 .
mpa14.ggb.
,
; ; ;
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
27. 5 8.
5

8
() 5 .
.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
() 48 8.

48 8;
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
() 24 16.
24 16;
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................






()
.

()
(, ).

28. 3 4:
3
4
() , .
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
() 3 4;
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

12 64

- 1

. 1.5.

29. 48.


.

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................


1 .

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................



1
,
.

............................................................................................................................................
30. 37.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................



.


()
(, ).

;
............................................................................................................................................
31. 18 63.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................



(, ) = 1.

;
............................................................................................................................................
;
............................................................................................................................................

:
)

.
)

.

32. 18 65.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
;
............................................................................................................................................
;

:
)

.
)

.

............................................................................................................................................
33. 12, 450, 30 .
.

v 1.0

13 64

- 1

. 1.5.

34. 12510, 772, 225, 13600 2, 3,





,
,

2, 3, 4, 5, 9,
10 25.

10, 100,
1000, ..., ,
, , ...
.

2,
0, 2,
4, 6, 8.

5,
0 5.

3 9,


3 9 .

4 25,



4 25 .

6

2 3.

4, 5, 8, 9. 10. 25. 100. .


12510

772

225

13600

35. , 11,

11. 27514322 11.

v 1.0

14 64

- 1



1.1.

: 31 + 32 + 33 + 34 + 16 + 17 + 18 + 19

1.2.

1.3.

1.4.

1.5.

1.6.

1.7.

625 + 629

34917 - 34912

9915 + 9911 - 9920

7332 - 7312 + 735

:
.

2 + 5

12x - 9x

3y + 10y - 8y

:
.

7(x - y) + 7y + 3

12( + ) + 10 - 12 - 12

x - y = 2, :
.

4x - 4y

8x - 8y + 8

+ = 3 - = 2, :
.

6 + 6 + 2 - 2

5( + ) + 5( - )

:
.

x+x+y+y+y

xxx + yy

xxyyy

(x + x)yy

++++

.
1.8.

1.9.

:
.

xy + xy + xy

3xx3x

4x + 4x + 4x

: 10 y2 + (10 y )2 y = 2

v 1.0

15 64

- 1

1.10. N :
.

32 23

43 34

(2 + 4 )2 22 + 42

( 3 4 )2

32 42

( 5 3)2

52 32

1.11. 6x 6y + 30 6 ( x, y ).
1.12. Internet . 4 , 6
8 . ,
;
1.13. 30 1 , 48 2 36
3 .
.

( )
;

1.14. 234 :
.

1.15. A x + y = 2, :
= 2(x + 1) + 2(y - 1)
= x + 3(x + 2) + 4(y - 1)
1.16. 400 450 . 7, 12, 15
. .

v 1.0

16 64

, :
1 -

Creative Commons 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).

/
:

:
, ., & , . (2014). , 1, ( 1.0,
. 64).
, , ,
.

- 1

. 1.1.

.1.1. , , , ,
,

.
, , ,
............................................................................



.

,

,

.

1. ;
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2. ();
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................





tablet .

3. (mpb11.ggb) .
.
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................


.

:


.

.

..........................................................................................................
.

4. (mpb11.ggb)
;
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................



,


.

5. , .

. ;

v 1.0

19 64

- 1

. 1.1.

.
, ,
, ...................................................................................

xx yy
.

, ..
(), .. xx, yy.

6. (mpb11.ggb) .
()
;

................
.................................

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
() 3
. ;


..................

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

.................................

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
.



xx,

x x,

, .. , , ...................................... ,
................................................................................................................................


, .. x, x Bx ..

7. (mpb11.ggb) .
x x ;
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

20 64

- 1

. 1.1.

8. .
(mpb11.ggb).

() ,
. ; ..............
() ; ...............
() ; ..........

9. mpb12.ggb. .
, ;
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................


,


.

10. mpb13.ggb.
.
(1, 2, 3, 4 5
).
1
.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................





.. , ,
..

2
.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

21 64

- 1

. 1.1.

3
.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
4
.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
5
.
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................

,
,

,

.



, , ,
, , ,

.
,

,

.

11. , , , ,
, , , .
;

.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
12. , , , , .
, .
. ;
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

22 64

- 1

. 1.2.

.1.2. , , ,
,

13. :
:
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................

:
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................

:
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................





x
y
.

14.
. x y.
. ; .




x y
.

yOx
(
xOy

)

.
, ..

15. . mpb14.ggb.
. ;
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
. ;
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................

v 1.0

23 64

, ..

,





,

.

- 1

. 1.2.

16. . .. , .

17. , .
.
:

A


.




A ,
B

.

,

.

,

.

.
18. .

19. .



,




.

v 1.0

24 64

- 1

. 1.2.

20.
;



, ,



.

,

,
,

,

...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

25 64

- 1

. 1.3.

.1.3. ,


,

,


21. .
()
(i)

()
(ii)

()



.

(iii)

22. .
:


(m)
, ,
.

, ,
.
, , ,
1
.
10
, .. ,
.
.. ,
, .

v 1.0

26 64

, ..

..

- 1





,
.

:

,

.

,

().

,

: .

1m

. 1.3.

Km

dm

cm

mm

1 Km = 1000 m

1
m = 0,1 m
10
1
1 cm =
m = 0,01 m
100
1
1 mm =
m = 0,001 m
1000
1 dm =

= 10 dm
1 dm

= 100 cm
= 1000 mm
= 10 cm
= 100 mm
1 cm
= 10 mm
23. :
:
1.
2. .
3. .
24. .

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

.
.
.
3,8 cm.
3,8 cm.
= 3,8 cm.

25. .
.
.......................................................................
.......................................................................

.......................................................................
.......................................................................




,

.

26. : ;
; ;
;
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

27 64

- 1

. 1.3.

27. mpb15.ggb.
.
.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
28. , : ()
() .

:
....................................................................

....................................................................

....................................................................

....................................................................

....................................................................

....................................................................

....................................................................

....................................................................

....................................................................

....................................................................

29.
.
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................
.............................................................



,
.

...................................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

28 64

- 1

. 1.4.

.1.4.


.





.



,


.






.

30. , ,
, /
.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
31. .
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

,
.

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
32. :
. ,
.
.
;
.
, .

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

,

.

..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

29 64

- 1

. 1.4.

33. express ,
, ,
.
mpb16.ggb.
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

30 64

- 1

. 1.6.

.1.6. ,

34.
, , , ..
, , ..
.
;

35. .
. ;
. ;
. , ,
;

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

31 64

- 1

. 1.6.

36. ;
mpb17.ggb
GeoGebra. ;
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................


90 .

,
.
37. .

90 .

90

180 .

180 .

38. .

39. .

40. .

41. .



180

360 .

v 1.0

32 64

- 1

. 1.6.

42. . ;


0 .

360 .

: ....................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
43. mpb18.ggb.
.
.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
44.
.
()

()





,
.

1 2

1
2.

: .

..

()

..

()

..

45. ;
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

33 64

- 1

. 1.6.

46. ;
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
47. , .



:
1 :

.
2 :

.

v 1.0

34 64

- 1

. 1.5.

.1.5. , ,

48. mpb19.ggb. .
; ;


,

: 1 .

: 1 = 60
( )
1 = 60 (
).

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
49. .
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

35 64

- 1

. 1.5.

. .
50. xOy

1 :

2 :

...................................................................

....................................................................

...................................................................

....................................................................

...................................................................

....................................................................

...................................................................

....................................................................

51. mpb110.ggb.
. .
.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
52. ...
mpb111.ggb.

v 1.0

36 64

- 1

. 1.7.

.1.7. ,




,


.




:


.


.
53.

.

i.

, . ...
.

ii.

, .... .

iii.


,




.

54. :
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
...................................................................................
55. mpb112.ggb.
.
,
. .
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

37 64

- 1

. 1.7.

56. xx. ,
y z. ,
, .

,

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................


,
,
:

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................


.

+ ,

),
(
.

.............................................................................................................................................
57. mpb113.ggb
.
.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
58.
; .
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

38 64

- 1

. 1.8.

.1.8. ,

180 .


.

yOz
,
59. xOy
.
.

= 180
+

90 .

yOz
,
60. xOy
.
.

= 90
+

61. ;
.
.
.

v 1.0

39 64

- 1

. 1.8.

= 72.
62. xOy
.




:

= 180.
+

,
xOy

Ox
,

x,
x.

,
yOx

xOy

= 33.
63. xOy
.

= 180.
+

,
xOy

x x


y.

,
yOx

xOy

= 90.
+

= 90.
+

v 1.0

40 64

- 1

. 1.8.

64. mpb114.ggb.
() .
()
.
.............................................................................................................................................

.

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
65. .
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

41 64

- 1

. 1.9.

.1.9.

66. .

,


.

67. .


1, 2
,

"//".
:
1 // 2.

68. .
;

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

42 64


// .





.
,
,

1
.

- 1

. 1.9.

69. :
()
()
() .
........................................................................................
........................................................................................
........................................................................................
........................................................................................

70. 1
, .
.
(http://users.sch.gr/thafounar/classA/paraLine/paraLine.html)
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

'


' .

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................



(13 )
(330 - 270 ..),



.



.



.

v 1.0

43 64

- 1

. 1.10.

.1.10. -

71. mpb115.ggb. :
() ,
, ,

.

;
()

;


.

.............................................................................................................................................


' ,
.. .


.




.

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
72. () .
() 1.
() 1 .

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

44 64

- 1

. 1.10.

73. ,
.
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................
..................................................

74. 1 2 ,
3 cm.

v 1.0

45 64

- 1

. 1.11.

.1.11.

75. mpb116.ggb.


, ' ,
.



. ,


, ,
.




.

.


;
.............................................................................................................................................



,
(, ).

.............................................................................................................................................
76. mpb117.ggb.
;
.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

v 1.0

46 64


,


,
.

- 1

. 1.11.

77. mpb118.ggb. :
() .
() .
() .
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................

.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................



,




().

78. , :
= 3 cm, = 2 cm = 1,5 cm. : mpb119.ggb.
.
.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

(,
)
(, )

.





.

79. ,
3 cm 4 cm 55.
80. , 3 cm
40 100.

v 1.0

47 64

- 1

. 1.13.

.1.13.

81. '
. mpb120.ggb.
.
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................






,

.

..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................




,


.

..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................





,


.

..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................
..................................................................................

v 1.0

48 64




,



.

- 1

. 1.13.

82. .
mpb121.ggb.
.
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................






,

.

83. .
.
.............................................................................................................................................


,

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

84. (, )
. mpb122.ggb .
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................
.......................................................

v 1.0

49 64

- 1


, , , , ,
1.1. , , , .

1.2. .

.
.
.
.

, , .
.
.
.

1.3. ,
.

v 1.0

50 64

- 1

1.4. .

. .
. .
1.5. . :

. .
.
, , , , .
. , .
1.6. xx , , .

. .
. .
. .

v 1.0

51 64

- 1

1.7. () . ,
().

. ;
. ;
. , , ; .
1.8. . :

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

v 1.0

52 64

- 1

-- - - --
1.9. ;

.
.

.
.

1.10. . 3 cm.
. .
. ;
1.11. (). , , , ()
. = 4 cm, = 2 cm = 4 cm.
. .
. .
1.12. x , , = 4 cm,
= 1 cm = 2 cm. :
.
. -
. -
1.13. x ,
= 5 cm = 7 cm. , .
1.14. .
. :
. .
. .
. .
. , .

v 1.0

53 64

- 1

1.15. x, y, z, w, t .

1
1.16. xx = 12 cm = .
3
, .
1.17. .

1.18. 4 cm.
:
. .
. .
. .
= 120o . x,
1.19. xOy
. Oy
.
xOy

1.20. :

.
.
.
.

y.
x.
y .
x .

v 1.0

54 64

- 1

1.21.
:
. 47,3 cm
. 4,62 m
. 481 mm
. 46,5 dm
1.22. :

1.23. :

. .
. .
1.24. .

v 1.0

55 64

- 1

,
1.25. . ;
1.26. 30 .
;
1.27.

1
. ;
4

1.28.

5
. ;
16

1.29. . 20
.
150 .
1.30. x,y,z
2, 3, 5 . .
.
1.31. x,y,z,w

1.32. :
.

v 1.0

56 64

- 1

.
1.33. x,y

.
1.34. ,

1.35. x :
.

v 1.0

57 64

- 1

1.36. = 40 , = 160 = 130



.
,

1.37. x,y,z

1
1.38. , x = y .
3

v 1.0

58 64

- 1


1.39. x y .

1.40. xx yy.

. xx yy.
. xx.
. yy.
1.41. .
1.42. xx . () xx .
() . () ()
. (). () () .
xx () () ().
1.43. .
.

v 1.0

59 64

- 1

-
1.44. .
.
1.45. .

1.46. xOy. x y.
y
x .
. .
. .
1.47. .
. , .

v 1.0

60 64

- 1


1.48. = 6 cm.
4 cm 5 cm.
1.49. N
:
. 4 cm.
. 3 cm.
. 5 cm.
. 3 cm 5 cm.
1.50. N 3 cm 5 cm .
. 3
cm 5 cm.
.
3 cm 5 cm.
1.51. = 4 cm. (, )
(, ). . .
. .
. .

1.52. * . .

v 1.0

61 64

- 1

1.53. * ( ) 50 o .

;
.
;
.

 ;. .
.
 30 o .
1.54. *
.
.

v 1.0

62 64

- 1

1.55. =2 cm:

. .
. 2cm;

1.56. * (, ). = 40 ,

= 130 .

 ,
.
.

. .
1.57. (, 2 cm) .
, = 1,5 cm = 4 cm.
. ()
() .
. ()
() .

v 1.0

63 64

- 1

1.58. 3 = 2 cm, = 5 cm
= 4,5 cm. , , , .

1.59. * = 40 .

. .

.
. ,

.
1.60. 30 o .

1.61. () () 3cm.
().
. () 4cm.
. () 3cm.
. () 2cm.
1.62. 6 cm.
. , 3 cm.
. ,
(, 2,9 cm), (, 2 cm), (O, 3,1 cm), (O, 3 cm).

v 1.0

64 64

You might also like