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Cardiology Emq
Cardiology Emq
Select the most appropriate emergency treatment for the following children:
1) A 4-year-old child is rescued from a house fire. She is admitted
tachypnoeic and tacchycardic. She has soot in her nostrils.
G. Endotracheal intubation
Note:
Item 1 relates to burns. Most deaths following house fires occur secondary to smoke inhalation. Amongst
the indicators of inhaled smoke injury is deposits around the mouth and nose. Oedema follows thermal
injury and therefore any suspicion of airway compromise should result in endotracheal intubation.
F. Diving reflex
Note:
Supraventricular tachycardia is the diagnosis in Item 3. Vagal stimulation is the treatment of choice and
the diving reflex is the simple procedure elicited by submerging the baby's face in to ice or placing an ice
bag over the face. The diving reflex increases vagal tone, slows AV conduction interrupting the
tachycardia.
H. Intraosseous line
Note:
Item 2 relates to a child in shock. In many life-threatening conditions venous cannulation is difficult. It is
important to obtain vascular access very quickly and therefore intraosseous infusion is recommended.
Cardiology
Cardiology
A. Adenosine
B. Adrenaline
C. Atropine
D. DC shock
E. Dobutamine
F. Diving reflex
G. Endotracheal intubation
H. Intraosseous line
I. IV Morphine
J. Naloxone
Select the most appropriate emergency treatment for the following children:
1) A 5 year old boy is brought to the hospital with 15% scalds to
his chest.
I. IV Morphine
Note:
Item 1 relates to a child with serious burns. Children who have been burnt are in severe pain and
therefore IV Morphine is the analgesic of choice.
D. DC shock
Note:
Item 2 describes a child in ventricular fibrillation. This is uncommon in childhood although may occur
as a result of tricyclic antidepressant overdose and hypothermia. If the arrest is witnessed a
precordial thump is carried out otherwise electrical de-fibrillation at 2 joules per kilogram.
Note:
Item 3 describes a baby born in poor condition. A bradycardia in an unstable newborn requires
oxygenation, ventilation and cardiac compressions. IV adrenaline is administered as Atropine is
ineffective in this age group.
Cardiology
A. Angelman's syndrome
B. Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
C. Congenital Rubella syndrome
D. Down syndrome
E. Foetal alcohol syndrome
F. Glycogen storage disease
G. Marfan's syndrome
H. Noonan's syndrome
I. Turner's syndrome
J. Williams syndrome
Match each of the following cardiovascular abnormalities to the single most likely associated
genetic disorder.
1) Dilation of the aorta with aneurysms.
G. Marfan's syndrome
Note:
In Marfan's syndrome dilatation of the ascending aorta is often seen with or without aneurysms. Less
commonly the thoracic abdominal aorta or pulmonary arteries are affected with secondary aortic
regurgitation and mitral valve prolapse.
J. Williams syndrome
Note:
In Williams syndrome supra-valvular aortic stenosis is the most common cardiac lesion. Septal defects
also occur as well as peripheral branch pulmonary artery stenosis.
3) Pulmonary stenosis.
H. Noonan's syndrome
Note:
In Noonan's syndrome pulmonary valve stenosis due to a dysplastic or thick valve is seen often
associated with left ventricular hypertrophy. Branch stenosis of the pulmonary artery also is found in
Noonan's syndrome.
Cardiology
Theme : BREATHLESSNESS
A. Asthma
B. Hyperventilation
C. Tuberculosis
D. Cystic Fibrosis
E. Pneumocystis carinii
Cardiology
Cardiology
Cardiology
Cardiology