ROPE

1) Formula for calculating SWL

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Manila d2
Polyester 2.5 d2
Polyethylene 1.5d2
Polyamide 3d2
Polypropylene 1.5d2

f.

4 factor affect strength fiber rope (natural/ synthetic)

Age
Condition (abrasion, chemical damage, UV damage)
Size
Material
Knots
Heat damage
Has been overload

g. 4 factor affect strength wire rope

Size
Type of steel
Fiber / wire core
Age
Condition (corrosion, number of broken wire ,ware from abrasion)
Deformed strands
Kinking
Crushing
Birdcaging
h. How many broken wire are permitted in wire rope? 5% over 10 times the
diameter
i.

Mono filament rope

The filament run the entire length of the rope without splicing

j.

Hawser laid rope

Rope where the filament are spliced together way contra- rotating
filaments, strands than lay
k. Safety factor allowed in relation to the breaking strands.
Fiber rope strength = 1/6 of the breaking strands
Wire rope strength = 1/5 of the breaking strands

l.

Breaking strain rope? Ultimate strain rope at failure and measure in kgs

m. Langs lay

Constructed = wire in the strands are twisted in the same direction as

the lay of the rope
Advantage
= more surface contact so more resistance to abrasion
and ware
Disadvantage= Never freely suspend a load because the load will spin
and the rope will
Unravel and lose strength

Knots, Bends, Hitches

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.

Knot will weaken a rope = 50%

Knot for temporary eye in rope = Bowline knot
Knot to join equal diameter = Reef know
Knot join different diameter = sheet bend / double sheet bend
Knot to stop a line from unravelling through a block = figure 8 knot
Knot permitted for bosuns chair = double sheet bend
Right hand (z lay) coiled = clockwise
Left hand (s lay) coiled = anti clockwise

Splices

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Splice weaken rope = 10%

Tucks required when making an eye splice in natural fiber rope = 3 tucks
Tucks required when making an eye splice in wire rope = 5 tucks
Purpose short splice = to join to end rope together
Tucks require for eye splice in 8 strand rope = 4 tucks

Whipping n seizings

a. Purpose of whipping = to stop end rope from freying

b. 3 type of whipping
Common, Westcountry, Sailmaker
c. How wide whipping should be = same diameter as the rope
d. Common seizing= bind 2 equal tension rope together
e. Racking seizing = bind 2 unequal tension rope together
Rope work Construction
a. How are ordinary SWR named? By the number of wires in each strand times
the number of strands in the rope and weather it has a fibre core / steel core

ROPE SAFETY
a. What care should be taken when line handling?
Do not stand in bight or loop
Aware of slack ropes which may come under tension
Do not stand directly behind a line under tension
Aware snap back zone
Jewelry can get snagged in a rope when line handling

b. Type of rope for construction pilot ladder?

Manila rope
c. What should you do before using fibre rope
Check all type of damge
Age
Condition
Diameter
Internal/external ware
Sign abrasion