Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544

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CHEMISTRY FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 1)
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Read Instructions before study:
Bullet means you have to write the answer in paragraph shape and you could not change
the sequence. Bullets are used only for your ease.
i) Roman numbered, question may be written as it is. However sequence can be changed.
*** This item should not be written in answer. It is just a hint for you.
Pay more attention on the bold text in answers.
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THEORY
>>Question: Define Science?
The search of man for collecting knowledge and integrating it is called science.
>>Question: Why should science be divided into its disciplines?
Scientific knowledge is very vast. Therefore it is classified into different groups or
disciplines for its better study and research.
>>Question: Define Chemistry and describe its branches?
The branch of science which deals with composition and properties of matter,
changes in matter and the laws and principals which govern these changes is
called chemistry.
The chemistry is divided into the following branches: Physical Chemistry: It is the study of physical properties of material things.
Inorganic Chemistry: It is the study of all compounds except of carbon.
Organic Chemistry: It is the study of compounds of carbon.
Analytical Chemistry: It is the study of analytical methods for getting information about chemical
compounds.
Bio Chemistry: It is the study of chemical compounds and their reactions occurring in living
things.
Industrial Chemistry: It is the study of chemical knowledge in technology and preparation of
industrial products.
>>Question: What do you know about the history of chemistry?
i)
History of knowledge is as old as history of mankind on earth.
ii)
Activities of chemistry started when burning was first discovered.
iii)
Oldest societies were familiar with chemicals extracted from herbs.
iv)
They were also familiar with metallurgy, chemical colours, glass making
and other chemical arts.
v)
They were also familiar with dyeing and papermaking.
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544

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CHEMISTRY FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 1)
============================================================

vi)
vii)
viii)

Greek philosopher Empedocles introduced the concept of four

elements on earth. These elements were Fire, Air, Earth and Water.
According to him these elements were not inter-convertible.
Aristotle also believed that matter was derived from these four basic
elements.
However, in that period of Greeks, chemistry could not progress well
because chemistry is practical science, while Greeks period consists of
theoretical sciences.

>>Question: Write the Islamic period of chemistry.

OR Discuss the contribution made by Muslim scientist in the field of
chemistry?
Jabar-Bin-Haiyan: i)
He is known as father of chemistry.
ii)
He was the student of Imam Jaafar Sadiq.
iii)
He gave the metallic concepts of sulphur and mercury.
iv)
His major work is discovery of Nitric Acid and Sulphuric Acid.
v)
He prepared Aqua Regia (Royal Water) to dissolve gold.
vi)
He explained calcinations and reduction scientifically and improved the
methods of evaporation, melting, sublimation, distillation and crystallization.
Prince Khalid Bin Yazeed: i)
He wrote the book Firdous Al Hikmat Fe-Ilmul Kemia
ii)
He translated the Greek books into Arabic.
Abu Yousaf yaqoob Al-Kundi: i)
In his opinion, it was impossible to convert one metal into other.
ii)
Some scientist spent their lives to convert inferior metals into superiors.
They failed but they discovered many other things in this process.
Alrazi: i)
He worked on apparatus used in chemistry.
ii)
He determined the specific gravities of different things.
iii)
He also classified compounds into four groups. i.e. Minerals, Botanical,
Zoological, and Derived Ones.
Al-Jahiz: i)
He used the process of distillation for getting ammonia from animal
urine.
Al-Beruni: i)
Abu-Rehan Muhammad Al-Beruni worked on eighteen precious stones and
metals and determined their specific gravities.
Bu Ali Sina: i)
He studies the properties of minerals.
>>Question: Define the following Terms:
Alchemist:
A scientist trying to convert cheaper metals into precious is called alchemist.
Hypothesis:
Tentative explanation to explain observation is called hypothesis.
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544

e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com
CHEMISTRY FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 1)
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Theory:
If a hypothesis is accepted then it is called a theory.
Law:
A theory when repeatedly gives the same results, it becomes a law or principal.
>>Question: Write a detailed note on scientific method in chemistry?
The scientific method in chemistry consists of four steps: Observation: The process of observing natural phenomena with the help of five senses and the
scientific instruments.
Inference: To deduce result after coordinating the observed facts with scientific knowledge is
called inference
Prediction: The inference based on observed facts.
Experiment: An experiment is an activity performed under suitable conditions with specially
designed instrument.
>>Question: Give hazards to human life by modern life?
i)
Modern life is badly polluted the atmosphere.
ii)
Smoke from Chimneys of factories and from vehicles polluted the air.
iii)
Waste and chemical materials are released into the water which polluted
the water.
iv)
Use of chlorofluro carbons destroyed the ozone layer.
>>Question: Which branch will be of chemistry, if a student discusses mud,
composition of fossils, hills etc?
In-organic chemistry.
>>Question: Which will be the branch of chemistry, if a student studies plant
and animals?
Bio-chemistry.
>>Question: Which will be the branch of chemistry, if a student studies
about medicines and drugs?
Pharma-ceutical chemistry.
>>Question: If a student studies composition of a sample of any resistance.
Which will be the branch of chemistry, he is studying?
Analytical Chemistry.
>>Question: What is Phlogiston theory?
A combustible material is made up of two parts: the calx (ash) and phlogiston.
When a substance is burnt, the phlogiston escaped into the air and calx was left
behind as an ash.
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Written by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-7891989, 0333-5319544

e-mail: shahzad2sunny@hotmail.com website: www.eservicespakistan.com
CHEMISTRY FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 1)
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>> Question: Name major disciplines of science?

Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Geology
>> Question: How various disciplines of science can be integrated by a
figure?
*** Draw Figure from book
>>Question: What is Matter?
Any thing which occupies space and has weight is called matter.
>> Question: Which one is the golden period for scientific development?
Muslims period.
>> Question: Indicate two disadvantages of chemistry.
Chemical reactions have polluted the environment badly.
Atomic Bomb is huge hazard to human life.
Use of chemical destroy the ozone layer.
Question: What facilities are provided by chemistry to mankind?
Chemistry has provided a lot of facilities to mankind i.e. Food, Clothing, Shelter,
Medical Treatment etc.
>> Question: Why Muslim scientists took too much interest in science?
Muslim scientists took too much interest in science to promote their knowledge as
well as to meet their needs.
>> Question: Why has Islam put so much emphasis to pay attention to the
study of natural phenomenon?
Because in Quran Allah stressed upon the study of natural phenomenon in more
than 600 verses. If we pay attention to the natural phenomena, we shall find a lot of
solutions of our problems as well as we can discover new things.
>> Question: Solidity of gold is very specific how?
Because the density of gold is very high.
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More works/Tasks:
Do Exercise from your Book.
Do Objectives from book & from any other objective book.
Do Numerical with the help of your teacher.
Do Interesting Information from book.
Do Scientific Reasons with the help of teacher.

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