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THEORY
Question: Differentiate between hardware and software of a computer.
Hardware:
• Computer hardware are physical components of computer.
• They are installed in computer box (System Unit)
• Other connected devices are also called hardware such as Key Board, Mouse, etc.
• Examples are Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, Printer, Scanner, Modem etc.
Software:
• Techniques & methods that are necessary to get information using hardware are
called Software.
• In other words, software are set of instructions that tells computer what to do?
And How to do?
o Software are of two types: 1) System Software 2) Application Software
Question: Describe the main functions of CPU.
• The CPU is located inside the system unit.
• CPU is the brain of computer.
• It controls the entire computer system.
• It executes the instruction given to it.
• CPU processes the data as per instructions and send result to output device.
• CPU chip consists of two units:
o Control Unit (CU)
o Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Question: Describe the working and functions of ALU.
Functions:
• ALU contain number of adder and logic gates.
• ALU also contain different types of registers.
• ALU performs all the processing in CPU.
• It performs all arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division etc.
• Register help to process the data.
Working:
• Let us understand the addition of two number A and B.
• CU interprets the instructions and transfers the number A from main memory to
Accumulator.
• CU then transfer the number B to some other register available.
• Under the instructions of the Control Unit, these numbers are added by the adder
circuits and result is stored in the accumulator.
• Accumulator send it to main memory then result is send to any other unit where
required.
Question: Discuss importance of main memory. Write types of main memory.
• Main memory is also called primary memory.
• Main memory is located on semi-conductor chip.
• Main memory is very fast and direct accessible by the CPU.
• Main memory has two different types: -
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