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COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 4)

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THEORY
Question: What is meant by computer storage? How will you classify it?
Computer storage is often called storage or memory. It refers to computer
components and recording media that retain digital data. Computer storage is one of
the core functions and fundamental components of computers.
Computer Storage can be classified into two types:
1) Main Memory or Internal Memory
It is very costly and supply data and instruction at very high speed.
2) Secondary Memory or Backing Storage
It is not very costly but supply data and instruction at slow speed

Question: What is smallest unit of memory in digital computers?

The smallest unit of memory is bit, which stand for binary digit.

Question: Name 4 memory units in which memory of a storage device is

measured?
Following are the memory units: -
1) bit
2) Byte
3) Kilobyte
4) Megabyte
5) Gigabyte etc.

Question: What is the significance of byte? How other memory units are
related with byte?
8 bits join to form one byte. A byte is generally used to express the memory of a
computer. Following is the relationship of byte with other memory units: -
8 bits = 1 byte
1024 bytes = 1 kilobyte
1024 kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte

Question: Name some of the computer’s primary and secondary storage

devices.
Primary Storage Devices:
RAM, ROM etc
Secondary Storage Devices:
Hard Disk, Floppy Disk, CD etc.

Question: What do you know about RAM?

• RAM stands for Random Access Memory but it is also called read and write
memory.
• RAM is the part of main memory.
• In RAM, data and instructions are held temporarily.
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 Composed by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666
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COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 4)

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• Everything that is stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off. Therefore,
it is a temporary memory, and is also called volatile memory.
• Large RAM size provide good speed to the computer. Additional RAM chips can be
plugged in to increase the speed of computer system.

Question: In what ways RAM and ROM differ?

RAM:
• It is temporary (volatile) memory
• Everything that is stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off.
• We can read and write data using RAM.
ROM:
• It is permanent (non-volatile) memory.
• Nothing is lost stored in ROM when the computer is turned off.
• We can only read data using ROM.

Question: What is ROM? How do PROM and EPROM differ from each other?
What is ROM:
• ROM stands for Read only Memory.
• Instructions written once on ROM cannot be changed.
• It is permanent and non-volatile memory.
• Nothing is lost stored in ROM when the computer is turned off.
• ROM is semiconductor memory. It is programmed by the manufacturer.

Difference between PROM and EPROM:

PROM (programmable ROM) can be programmed only once. If there is a problem in
the code on the chip then this type of chip has to be thrown away since it is not
reprogrammable.
EPROM (Erasable and programmable ROM) can be programmed and then erased with
a Ultra Violet eraser. These chips are easy to spot because they have a "window" so
they can be erased.

Question: Differentiate between SIMMs and DIMMs.

1. SIMM stands for Single Inline Memory Module and DIMM stands for Dual Inline
Memory Module.
2. The SIMMs pins on either side are connected to each other while DIMM pins are
independent.
3. DIMMs provide a 64 bit-channel and SIMMs provide 32 bit-channel
4. DIMMs eliminated the practice of pairing two SIMMs as one
5. DIMMs are the replacement technology for SIMMs

Question: Name the types in which magnetic disks can be divided.

1) Hard Disk (HDD) is an example of fixed magnetic disk.

2) Floppy Disk, Compact Disk & USB Flash Drives are the examples of
removable magnetic disks.

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 Composed by: - SHAHZAD IFTIKHAR Contact # 0313-5665666
Website: http://sharing.com.pk , E-mail: raoshahzadiftikhar@gmail.com

COMPUTER SCIENCE FOR 9TH CLASS (UNIT # 4)

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Question: How data can be written on or retrieved from a floppy?
• Floppy disk use sector organization to store and retrieve data.
• Recording surface is divided into pie-shaped sectors.
• No. of sectors depend upon capacity of disk.
• The disk address represents the physical location of a particular file or set of
data.
• Data are read or written when a sector containing the desired data passes
under the read/write head.

Question: Why the capacity of a Hard Disk is very large as compared to

floppy disk?
Hard Disk contains more platters to store huge amount of data while a floppy disk
contain only one platter. Therefore capacity of Hard Disk is very large than floppy
disk.

Question: Describe various features of a Hard Disk?

• Hard Disk have more capacity to store data and instructions than other disks.
• Hard Disk is also called Winchester disk.
• Now a days, capacity of Hard Disks are upto Terabytes.
• Hard Disk contains more platters to store huge amount of data. Data is written
on both sides of the platters.
• The disk spin continuously at a high speed (from 3600 rpm to 10,000 rpm) in a
sealed chamber. This chamber keeps the disk clean from dust and smoke.

Question: What is a CD-ROM? How does it differ from Hard Disk?

It stands for Compact Disk for Read Only Memory. The capacity of a CD is upto 680
MB which is equal to 500 floppies. Data is recorded on CD ROM’s reflective surface in
the form of pits and lands.
Difference between CD ROM and Hard Disk:
• Compact Disks record information by burning pits in the disk and use a laser
and optical sensor to detect whether a pit is present or not. A hard disk has
recording head is moved close to the surface of the disk and used to read or
write information.
• CDs are more robust and cheaper, but slower. Hard drives can hold more
information, are faster and can be rewritten indefinitely.

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