DC ASSIGNMENT 2

SUBMITTED BY:
ANIRUDH P S
B130226EC

Lecture 5
BAND PASS SAMPLING
Spectrum of band pass signals is centered around some frequency fc , other than
zero Hz.

fL -Lower cut off frequency

fH -Upper cut off frequency
Bandwidth B=fH - fL
Why not sampling original voice message, than going for DSB -SC and then
digitizing it?
This is the final message signal to be transmitted in the medium
Digitize a pass band signal; instead of sampling base band and then frequency
shifting.

Voice 300Hz to 3.4KHz

Band Pass Sampling Theorem
The term bandpass sampling refers to the process of sampling continuous signals
whose center frequencies have been translated up from zero Hz.
Dont apply low pass sampling theorem.
1

fS = 2 X 10.1 , which is huge

The sampling frequency for baseband signals, where highest frequency is fH &
fL =0,
fS 2 fH
Whereas for bandpass fS needed can be as low as 2(fH - fL )= 2BW; in many
situations. In base band, 2 X highest frequency component (not BW mentioned
directly).
Here, 2(fH - fL )= 2 BW
i.e. fS 2(fH - fL )
Minimum need not be always 2B.
1) Check if its sufficient or not.
2) If 2B is not sufficient, then?
Fourier Series:
s(t) =

dt
2dt
2t
4t
6t
+
(cos
+ cos
+ cos
+ ...)
Ts
Ts
Ts
Ts
Ts
TS =

1
2fM

fM = max freq component

fS = 2 fM
Consider the case where fL =NfS

No overlapping because of the condition fL =NfS

To reconstruct, use an ideal bandpass filter with BW = fH -fL , centered at fC
Tune the receiver properly, change the centre frequency.
When the spectrum of m(t) is confined either to the first half or second half
2

of the interval between the sampling frequency harmonics, there is no spectral

overlap and can reconstruct.
Hence the minimum sampling frequency required is
fS =2(fH -fL ) ; provided that either fH or fL is a harmonic of fS .
Here, fS as low as 2(fH -fL ) when either fH or fL is a harmonic of fS
. Trick: Arrangement of spectrum
fS decided by bandwidth
If B = 2kHz , fS = 4kHz, fH =11.5kHz
Cant always be satisfied in practice
Spectrum overlap can do fL =8kHz , fH = 10kHz Consider the case where neither fH nor fL is a harmonic of fS PS- Positive frequency part; NS- negative
frequency part of the spectral pattern.