Professional Documents
Culture Documents
(Note: Students are allowed to use this document during the examination, provided nothing is handwritten on
any of the pages of this document)
Type of frequency
Transformation (s s)
Transformation
Bandedge
Frequencies of new
(desired) Filter
Backward Design
Equations (Used for
obtaining bandedge
frequencies of prototype
lowpass filter)
Lowpass to Lowpass
(normalized LPF)
Lowpass to Highpass
Lowpass to Bandpass
Lowpass to Bandstop
Butterworth Approximation: