- 31 1989

- 11989

- 303 1990

- 36781990

. 19/3/1990

-1

-1

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31 1989


.

)1(


1/1 )7( ....
1/2)7( ... .
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1/4/1
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2/1 )10( .. .
2/1/1
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2/2 )12( . ..
2/2/1
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2/3 )13( ....

 2/3/1
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3/1 )19( ...

3/2 )20( .

4/1 )22(............. ..
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4/4 )25( .. ..
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6/1 )64( ...

6/2 )64( ....

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6/3 )67( ..

6/4 )68( . ..
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6/5 )70( .....

6/6 )71( ......... .
6/7 )72( .......
6/8 )72( ...

6/9 )79( ..........

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6/11 )80( ........ .. ......
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 6/11/3

6/12 )85( ... .

6/12/1
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6/12/3
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6/13/1
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6/14 )90(.
6/14/1

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( )3

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1/4/2 : (Preliminary Work)

.

)9(

1/4/3 : (Site Reconnaissance)

.

 1/4/4 :(Site Exploration)

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(Trial ) (Boreholes

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1/2/4 : (Subsoil)
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4/1/3 : (Residual soils)

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4/1/5 : (Alluvium)

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4/3/2 : (Metamorphic Rocks)

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) (Marble (Shale) (Slate) ) (Schist ). (Gneiss

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4/3/3 : (Sedimentary Rocks)

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4/4/2 : (Bedding plane)

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5/3/5 :
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() :
( )1 :

Pt : (Peat)

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O : (Organic)

5/4/4 :
() :
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( )2 : (Very stiff) .
( )3 : (Stiff) .
( )4 : (Medium stiff) .
( )5 : (Soft) .
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*

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)42(

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5/5: (Rock)
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() : (Gneiss)

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5/5/3 :
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( )2 : (Limestone)


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.
.

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() : (Putty chalk)
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() : (Tufa)

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() : (Arenaceous rocks)
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.

.
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5/5/4 :
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( )1 .
( )2 .
( )3 .
( )4 .
( )5 .
( )6 .
( )7 .
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()

600 2000

200 - 600

60 - 200

20 - 60

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( )2
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WII

WIII

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WV

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strong

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weak

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1/6

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.

6/2/3 :
() :


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() :
( )1 .
( )2 .
( )3
.

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( )5
.
( )6 ) (expansive soils .
( )7 ) (frost heave
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.
( )2
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6/3
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.

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.

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4/6
4/1/6 ( ): (Preliminary Work)


-:
( )1
.
( )2 .
( )3 .
( )4 .
( )5
.

)69(

( )6
.
( )7 .
( )8 .
( )9 .
( )10 .
( )11 .

6/4/2 : (Site Reconnaissance)

-:
( )1 .
( )2

.
( )3

 .
( )4
.

)70(

( )5
.
( )6 .
( )7 .

6/4/3 :
()
.
.

()
.

()
.

()

6/5 : (Method of Exploration)

)71(

6/6

(Extent of Exploration)

() :

.

() :


.

.

() :
( )6/7 ( )6/8 .

() :

.



.

)72(

() :

.
.

.

6/7
6/7/1 ( )1
.

6/7/2

7/3/6 (2/2/2) .

6/8
6/8/1
( )1 (. )6/8/2

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A < 1.85 B

D < 1.85 C

( A ) B ( D ( C .

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( A ) B ( D (C .
* A < 0.25 B

D <

( )5

( )6

( )7

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()1

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()2

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( )2 (6/8/2)
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:
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( ) (elastic foundation) (
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( . )2*
[ (] )1

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.


9/6
6/9/1 :


.

6/9/2 :
.
.

6/10
6/10/1
.
.

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6/10/2
[ . ( )]
.

6/10/3 .

.

6/10/4 .


10/5/6
. [ (
) .

6/11
6/11/1 :
() ( ) ) (Trial pits .

()

.

() .

)81(

()
.

() . (Caison)

6/11/2 ): (Boring
() : (Post hole auger)
( )1 :

.

) (Lining Tubes .
( )2 :

.
( )3 :

( )4
() ): (Shell and auger boring
( )1

)82(

( )2
.

() : (Percussion)
( )1 :
.
.
( )2 :
.
.

() : (Wash Boring)




. .
.
.

( ) : (Rotary )
( )1 :
.
.

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.
* ): (Mud rotary drilling

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(rotating

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(Mud laden

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.
* : (Core drilling)
.

 .
.
.

6/11/3 :

( )1 :
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.
( )2 .

.
( )3
.

() :
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.

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.

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.
.

6/12
6/12/1 :
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( )1 .
( )2 .
( )3 .

6/12/2 :
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( )2 ( )
.
( )3 .
( )4
.

() :
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( )2 .
( )3

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() :
.

)87(

6/12/3 :
()
( ) .

() .

6/12/4 :
( )

.

6/13
6/13/1 : (Disturbed)
.

6/13/2 : (Undisturbed)
.

)88(

6/14
6/14/1 :

.
.


6/14/2 :
() .
()
.
() .
() .

6/14/3 :
() :
-:
*

)(Open tube sampler

(.

)89(

sampler) (Thin Walled

* ): (Continuous Soil Sampler

* : (Ring Lined Barrel Sampler)

() :

 [ (] )4

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()

Boreholes
Test

Standard penetration test

Van shear test
Permeability test
Slate
Ground
Site investigation
Exploration

Site exploration

Boring

Tube
Lining tube
Frost heave
Andesite
Lands lide

()

Well
Observation well

Basalt

Volcanic

Structure

Columnar structure

()

Soil

Subsoil

Topsoil

)117(

Non cohesive soil


Expansive soil

Cohesive soil

Residual soil

Tectonic

Discharge

Classification

Visual classification
Consolidation
Bedding
Fabric
Waviness

)(
Drilling
Borehole
Mud rotary drilling
Core drilling
Stability

Gabro

)(

Sampler

Thin walled sampler

Ring lined barrel sampler

Open tube sampler
Continuous soil sampler
Grit
Boulder
Well graded

)(
Acid
Limestone

)118(

Sandstone

Mudstone

Limit
Shrinkage Limit

Liquid Limit

Plastic Limit

Gravel pebble

Pit

Trial pit
Marl
Shell marl

)(
Peat

Coarse Rough

Roughness

Property

Trench

)(

Cobble

Compaction

Rotary

Dolerite
Diabase


Diorite

)(

Frequency

)119(

)(
Medium stiff
Marble

Poorly graded

Agglomerate

Laminated
Ash
Volcanic Ash
Sand
Deposits
Oganic deposits
Alluvium
Reconnaissance
Site reconnaissance
Vane

)(
Angular

)(
Mud laden fluid
Bog Marsh Sapkha
Boring


Shell and auger boring
Wash boring

Percussion

Rotary boring

)(

Subangular

Subrounded

Schist

)120(

Rock
Bedrock
Calcareous rock

)(

Acid rock

Sedimentary rock

Arenaceous rock

Slaty rock

Basic rock

Cristalline rock

Metamorphic rock

Igneous rock

Frost

Stiff

Very stiff
Chert

)(

 Compression

Weak

Chalk

)(

Stratified
Soft
Very soft

Loam

Shale

Silt
Organic silt

Phase

Tufa

Fold

Clay

Clayey shale

)121(

Organic clay

)(

High

Very high
Organic
Mark
Columnar
Sample
Undisturbed sample
Disturbed sample

Granite

)(

Irregular

Discontinuity
Fault
Voltage

)(

)(

Dilatancy
Chuck

Hard

Shear

Electrode

Erratic

Consistency

Strength

Shear strength
Strong
Very strong
Caison

)122(

)(

Dense

Very dense

Quartzite

)(
Polished

Plasticity

Laterite
Bit
Rotating bit

)(

Toughness

Graded

Fissured

Extent
Cohesive
Medium
Auger
Post hole auger
Conchoidal
Plasticity chart
Rounded
Seismograph
Speckled
Plane
Bedding plane
Slickensided
Coefficient Modulus

Uniformity coefficient

Curvature coefficient

)123(

Modulus of subgrade
Reaction
Plasticity index
Putty chalk
Rate

Discharge rate
Loose
Very Loose
Earth resistance
Exposed
Grout
Ground water table
Site

Water
Ground water
Slope

)(
Fine

smooth

Gap graded

Gneiss

Ridge

Relative

Texture

Point

Bench mark

)(
Mud

)124(

1 - British Standard Code of Practice BS 1377: 1948.

Methods of testing soils for civil engineering purposes.

2 - British Standard Code of Practice CP 2001 (1957).

Site investigations.

3 - British Standard Code of Practice BS 5930 : 1981.

Code of practice for site investigations.

4 - BOWELS, JOSEPH E. , Foundation Analysis and Design. ,

McGraw Hill Book Company , 2 nd edition , 1977.

5 - SCOTT , C.R., Introduction to Soil Mechanics and Foundations.

Science Publishers Limited , 1 st . edition.

6 - SMITH , G.N., Elements of Soil Mechanics for Civil and Mining

Engineers .
Granada Publishing , 4 th. edition.

7 - SCOTT, R.F. and SCHOUSTRA , J.J. , Soil Mechanics and Engineering.

McGraw Hill Book Company , 1 st. edition

)125(

1 - NEWMARK N.M, Influence charts for computation of stresses

on elastic foundations , University of lllinois , Engineering
Experiment Station . Bulletin No. 338, 1941

2 - TERZAGHL, KARL. Theoretical Soil Mechanies .

John Wiley and Sons, 7 th edition.

3 HVORSLEV , M.J. Sub surface Exploration and Sampling of soils

for Civil Engineering Purposes.
U.S Water Ways Experimental Station, Vicksburg 1984.

4 - BISHOP , A.W. A New Sampling Tool for Use in Cohesionless Sands

Below Ground Water level.
Geotechnique Vol . 1, 1948 , p. 125.

)(SI Units

'

"

/2

/2

9,81

9,81 .

9,81 /

0,0981 /

9,81 /

9,81 /

0,102 .

0,102 .

1 .

0,102 /

1 /

10,20 /

1 /

0,102 /

1 /

0,102 /

1 /

:
.

:
.

: -:

: ( . )/

: ( )/

.

:
.

:
.