Exam #3 Equations

Trigonometric Identities:

Functional:
Z

sin(x y) = sin x cos y cos x sin y

x1

I[u] =

F (x, u, u0 , u00 )dx

x0

cos(x y) = cos x cos y sin x sin y

tan x tan y
1 tan x tan y

tan(x y) =

cosh2 x sinh2 x = 1

sin2 x + cos2 x = 1,

cos 2x = cos2 x sin2 x,

1
cos2 x = (1 + cos 2x),
2
cos3 x =




d2
F
F
d F
+
=0

u
dx u0
dx2 u00


d
F
F
F
0 = 0 and
= 0 at x = x0 , x1
00
dx u
u
u00


Functional:

sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x

ZZ

1
sin2 x = (1 cos 2x)
2

1
3
cos x+ cos(3x),
4
4

sin3 x =

I[u] =

3
1
sin x sin(3x)
4
4

eix eix
,
2i

cos x =

ex ex
sinh x =
,
2

u
x

F
ux

eix + eix
2

sin(iz) = i sinh z,

cos(iz) = cosh z

sinh(iz) = i sin z,

cosh(iz) = cos z

d
L

qi
dt

Functional:
Z

x1

F (x, u, u0 )dx

x0

F
d

u
dx
F
=0
u0
F = F (x, u0 ):

F
u0

Hamiltons Principle:
Z t2
Z

(T V )dt +

ex + ex
cosh x =
2

t1

I[u] =

F dy
F dx

=0
ux ds uy ds

eix = cos x + i sin x

sin x =

F (x, y, u, ux , uy )dxdy
A


=0

at x = x0 , x1

F
=c
u0

h
i
F
1
F = F (u, u0 ): F (u, x0 ) = x0 F u, (x0 )

=c
x0

F
uy


=0

on C

t2

f rdt = 0

t1

L
qi


= Qi ,

i = 1, . . . , n