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Basics of Phil Medical Jurisprudence by Bellosillo
Basics of Phil Medical Jurisprudence by Bellosillo
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE
AND ETHICS
2010 EDITION
JOSUE N. BELLOSILLO
BU C. CASTRO
EMMANUEL LJ. MAPILI
ALBERT D. REBOSA
ANTONIO D. REBOSA
Published by
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Foreword/in
Preface/vii
AcknowledgmentsI-a.
Chapter 1
MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE
1.1. Medical Jurisprudence defined/l
1.2. Distinction with legal and forensic medicine/2
1.3. The law of Hippocrates/3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.4.
1.5.
1.6.
1.7.
1.8.
Responsibilities to patientI \
Responsibilities to the profession / 6
Responsibilities to colleagues/l
Responsibilities to society11
Responsibilities to allied health professionals I %
Medical law/9
History of Philippine medical law/ll
Place of law in the medical profession/ll
Functions of the law in medicine/12
Sources of law/13
1.
2.
3.
4.
Statutory lawI Xh
Constitutional lawI'13
Administrative law/13
Common Iaw/l3
IX
Table of Contents
1.9
Classification of law/14
1. Public lawI'16
(a)
(b)
Criminal law/16
International law/16
(i)
(ii)
(c)
Political law/16
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Constitutional law/16
Administrative law/11
I ^ w of public administration/XI
J^zw of public corporation / \1
2. Private law/Yl
(a)
(b)
(c)
Civil law/\1
Commercial law/\l
Remedial law/Yl
Torts/li
Deposition/is
Plaintiff/18
Defendant/18
Defamation/\%
Expert witness/18
GcW Samaritan LMW/19
Interrogatory/19
Malpractice/'19
Negligence/19
Table of Contents
Chapter 2
REGULATION OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION
2.1. Basis of state regulation/20
2.2. Constitutional basis/20
2.3. Statutory basis/21
2.4. Reason for regulation/22
2.5. Warranties in the practice of medicine/23
Chapter 3
MEDICAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
IN THE PHILIPPINES
3.1.
3.2.
3.3.
3.4.
3.5.
3.6.
3.7.
(a)
Three-Flunk Rule/21
(b)
(c)
XI
Table of Contents
Chapter 4
LICENSURE AND REGISTRATION
OF PHYSICIANS
4.1.
Licensure/31
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.2.
4.3.
Certificate of registration/36
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
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Table of Contents
Chapter 5
PROFESSIONAL REGULATORY BOARD
OF MEDICINE
5.1.
5.2.
5.3.
Board of Medicine/52
1. Appointment of the chairman of the professional regulatory
board/52
2. Criteria for selection of nominees/ 53
3. Disqualification / 55
4. Reappointment of the chairman or member of the professional
regulatory board/56
5. Compensation of the members of the professional regulatory
boards/56
6. Purpose of compensation / 51
7. Basis of therightto salary/51
8. Prohibition against additional or double compensation/51
9. Powers, functions and responsibilities of the various professional
regulatory boards/51
5.4.
5.5.
5.6.
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Table of Contents
Chapter 6
PRACTICE OF MEDICINE
6.1.
6.2.
6.3.
6.4.
Practice of Medicine/64
Prerequisite to the Practice of Medicine/64
Acts Constituting Practice of Medicine/65
Cases on Acts Constituting Practice of Medicine/65
1. Acceptance of compensation without proper certificate ofregistration/65
2. Acts constitute practice of medicine whether or not done for a
fee/65
3. Acts of investment in stocks not acts constituting practice of
medicine/66
4. License to practice drugless healing cannot be implied/66
5. Advertised himself and offered services as physician/ 66
6. Falsely using thetitleofM.D. after one's name/61
6.5.
6.6.
6.7.
6.8.
6.9.
6.10.
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Table of Contents
3. Submission of list/15
6.11.
Partnership/16
Corporation /16
Chapter 7
Constitution/77
The Philippine State/ 77
1. People 111
2 Territory/1',
(a)
3.
Government/18
(a)
Executive branch/18
Appointingpower/'78
Removal power/18
(iii) Control power/18
(iv) Military power/19
W Pardoning power/19
(vi) Borrowing power/19
(vii) Diplomatic power/19
(viii) Budgetary power/19
(ix) Informing power/19
G)
XV
Table of Contents
(b)
Legislative branch/19
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Appropriation power/19
Taxation power/19
Expropriation power/19
1A.
7.5.
Due process/ 80
Equal protection / 81
Searches and seizure/81
Privacy of communication and correspondence / 8\
Freedom of speech and expression / 81
Liberty of abode and travel/82
R/g/f/ /<> information / 82
R/g/tf to form associations / 82
R/gA/ /o compensation in expropriation cases/'82
The impairment clause/82
Fn?e # m /o courts/ 83
Miranda rights/83
xvi
Table of Contents
7.6.
3.
4.
1.1.
8.1.
8.2.
Consensual/89
Fiduciary/90
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Table of Contents
8.3.
Table of Contents
(f)
Additional compensation/101
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
8.4.
8.5.
8.6.
Salary scale/100
Equality in salary scale/101
Salaries to be paid in legal tender/101
Deductions prohibited/101
Hazard allowance/102
Subsistence allowance/102
Longevity pay/103
Laundry allowance/103
Remote assignment allowance/'104
8.7.
Defective Contracts/108
1. Rescissible contracts/108
2. Voidable contracts/108
3. Unenforceable contracts/109
4. Void contracts/111
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Table of Contents
Chapter 9
PHYSICIANS AND TORTS
9.1.
9.2.
9.3.
Torts/112
Professional Liability/112
Classifications of Medical Professional liability/113
1.
2.
3.
4.
9.4.
9.5.
Feasance/ \13
Malfeasance / 1V>
Misfeasance/113
Nonfeasance/113
9.6.
Two-pronged Evidence/116
1. Standards of practice/116
2. Sources of proof of standard of care/116
9.7.
9.8.
Medical Malpractice/117
Sample Cases of Medical Malpractice/117
1. Unauthorised and unknown experimentation /ill
2. Failure to perform C-section andfailure to recognise and treat seizures in the periodfollowing the birth/ill
3. Surgical injury/\18
4. Failure to recognise and treat heart attack/118
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Table of Contents
5. Surgicalprecipitation of stroke/118
6. Wrongful amputation of arm and shoulder/119
7. Failure to diagnose cancer/119
8. Surgical injury/119
9.9.
9.10.
9.11.
2.
3.
4.
xxi
Table of Contents
9.12.
9.13.
9.14.
9.15.
9.16.
9.17.
9.18.
9.19.
2.
3.
Doctrine
common
Doctrine
Doctrine
Doctrine
Doctrine
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Table of Contents
1. Force majeure/154
2. Act of God/154
3. Accident/155
9.20.
9.21.
9.22.
9.23.
10.1.
Damages/158
1.
2.
10.2.
10.3.
10.4.
D a m n u m absque injuria/159
Actual damages/159
Moral damages/159
1.
2.
3.
4.
10.5.
10.6.
10.7.
10.8.
xxru
Table of Contents
11.1.
General/112
Exceptions:
(b)
(c)
11.2.
Felonies/173
XXIV
Table of Contents
1. Definitions/113
2. Requisites ofdolo/113
(a)
(b)
(c)
3.
Requisites ofculpa/113
(a)
(b)
(c)
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.3.
Freedom/113
Intelligence/113
Intent/113
Freedom/113
Intelligence/113
Negligence and imprudence/ Y13
Elements offelonies/'173
Criminal liability/174
Aberratio ictus/ll4
Error inpersonae/114
Consummated, frustrated, and attempted felonies/114
Conspiracy andproposal to commitfelony /115
Grave felonies, less grave felonies andlightfelonies/'115
Justifying circumstances/116
Exempting circumstances/111
Justifying circumstance vs. exempting circumstance/118
Elements of accident without fault or intention of causing it/119
Elements of a person who acts under the compulsion of an irresistibleforce/119
Elements of uncontrollable fear/119
Elements of insuperable cause/119
Entrapment vs. instigation/180
Mitigating circumstances/180
Aggravating circumstances/181
Alternative circumstances /184
XXV
Table of Contents
11.4.
11.5.
Penalties/186
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
11.6.
Principals/185
Accomplices/185
Accessories/185
Accessories who are exemptfrom criminal liability/'186
11.7.
xxvi
Table of Contents
Parricide/190
Murder/191
Homicide/191
Giving assistance to suicide/192
Infanticide /192
Abortion/192
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Intentional abortion/192
Unintentional abortion/193
Abortion practiced by the woman herself or by herparents/193
Abortion practiced by a physician or midwife/194
Dispensing of abortive/194
7. Physical injuries/194
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Mutilation/194
Serious physical injuries /194
Administering injurious substances or beverages/195
Less serious physical injuries/195
Slight physical injuries and maltreatment/195
8. Rape/195
11.9.
Table of Contents
Robbery/198
Execution of deeds by means of violence or intimidation /198
Theft/198
Qualified theft/199
Adultery /199
Concubinage / 200
Acts of lasciviousness/200
Qualified seduction/200
Simple seduction/200
(a)
6.
1.
8.
9.
10.
Corruption of minors/201
White slave trade/201
Forcible abduction/201
Consented abduction/201
Sexual perversion or unnatural sexual offenses/201
(a)
Cunnilingus 1201
(c)
(d)
(e)
(*)
XXVlll
Table of Contents
Quasi-Offenses/208
1. Reckless negligence or reckless imprudence/208
2. Jurisprudence on reckless imprudence/209
3. Somera Case: Homicide through reckless imprudence/ 2X3
Chapter 12
HOSPITALS AND THE LAW
12.1.
Hospital defined/215
12.2.
Classification of hospitals/216
.1. As to scope of infirmity admitted/216
(a)
(b)
Specialised hospital/216
2. Functional classification/216
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Diagnostic hospital/216
Maternity hospital/216
Rehabilitation hospital/216
Surgical hospital/211
XXIX
Table of Contents
(e)
Cosmetic hospital/211
12.3.
12.4.
12.5.
Trustfund doctrine/218
Public policy theory/218
Implied waiver theory/218
Independent contractor theory/218
P R O F E S S I O N A L SERVICES, I N C . vs.
N A T I V I D A D and E N R I Q U E AGANA
G.R. No. 126297, January 31, 2007/219
2.
Table of Contents
12.6.
12.7
12.8
13.1.
13.2.
Evidence/231
Qualification of witnesses/231
1.
13.3.
Physician-patient privilege/232
1. Requisites ofprivileged communications between doctor and patient/232
2. Scope of the privilege/232
3. Duration of the privilege/233
4. Cases where privilege do not apply/233
5. Legal disclosures/233
6. Duty of confidentiality extends to the hospitals/ 233
13.4.
13.5.
2.
Expert testimony/238
1. Presentation of expert testimonyy'239
XXXI
Table of Contents
P E O P L E vs. ROGELIO P E L O N E S
13.7.
13.8.
13.9.
2.
3.
4.
Hearsay rule/264
Dying declaration/265
Jurisprudence on hearsay rule/265
1.
Table of Contents
14.6.
14.7.
D o c u m e n t a r y evidence/271
1. Best Evidence Rule/211
2. Secondary Evidence/211
3. Parol Evidence Rule/212
xxxm
Table of Contents
Chapter 15
PHILHEALTH
15.1.
Pertinent laws/273
1. National Health Insurance Act of 1995/213
2. Republic Act No. 9241/213
3. Section 2, Article XIII of the 1987 Constitution/214
15.2.
15.3.
15.4.
History/280
Definition of Terms/282
1. Beneficiary/282
2. Benefit Package/282
3. Capitation/282
4. Contribution/282
5. Coverage/282
6. Dependent /282
7. Diagnostic procedure/283
8. Emergency / 283
9. Employee/283
10 . Employer/283
XXXIV
Table of Contents
11. Enrollment/283
12. Fee for service/283
13.
Global budget/283
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
15.5.
Indigent/285
Inpatient education package/285
Member/285
Means test/285
Medicare/286
National Health Insurance Program/286
Pensioner/286
Personal Health Services/286
Philippine Medical Care Commission/286
Philippine National Drug Formulary/286
Portability/281
Prescription drug/281
Public health services/281
Quality assurance/ 281
Residence/281
Retiree/281
Self-employed/281
Social Security System/288
Treatment procedure/288
Utilisation review1288
Rehabilitation center/288
Home care and medical rehabilitation services/288
Table of Contents
15.6.
Membership/294
1. Initial members in 1995/294
2. Classification of current members/ 294
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Paying Members/294
Indigent member/294
Privately-sponsored member/294
Non-paying member/294
3. Requirementfor registration/'294
4. Requirementsfor declaration of dependents/295
5. Requirementsfor registration ofemployers/'295
15.7.
Accreditation/296
1. Requirements/296
2. Additional requirements for hospitals / 291
3. Additional requirements for physicians/ 298
15.8.
Benefit package/298
1. What the benefit package includes/298
2. What are excluded unless recommended by Philhealth/299
Ethics/302
Medical ethics/302
Definition of terms/303
XXXVI
Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Ethics/303
Medical etiquette/303
Bioethics/304
Bioethical issue/304
Ethical dilemma/304
Moral reasoning/304
Values/304
Moral uncertainty/304
Moral or ethicalprinciples/ 304
(a) Autonomy/304
(b) Beneficence/305
(c) Nonmaleficence / 305
(d) Justice/305
(e) Fidelity/305
(f)
16.4.
16.4.
Thinking ethically/305
Approaches to ethical dilemma/306
1. Beneficence/309
2. Autonomy/310
3. Justice/311
16.5.
17.1.
17.2.
Code of ethics/310
Historical codes/314
1.
2.
Table of Contents
17.3.
17.4.
17.5.
18.1.
18.2.
18.3.
18.4.
18.5.
18.6.
18.7.
18.8.
18.9.
18.10.
18.11.
18.12.
XXXVlll
Table of Contents
Chapter 19
RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF PATIENTS
19.1.
19.2.
19.3.
20.1.
20.2.
20.3.
20.4.
20.5.
20.6.
XXXIX
Table of Contents
8.
20.7.
20.8.
20.9.
20.10.
20.11.
20.12.
20.13.
20.14.
20.15.
The State/424
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Table of Contents
A P P E N D I X 15 - EXCERPTS FROM Republic Act No. 5921 An Act Regulating the Practice of Pharmacy and Setting Standards
of Pharmaceutical Education in the Philippines and of Other Purposes/631
xli
Table of Contents
oOo
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