Answers to Topic 1 Exercises

1.1.1 Exercise 1
1.
4.
7.
10.
11.
15.

1p, 0n, 1e
54p, 78n, 54e
1p, 0n, 0e
6p, 8n, 6e
39 +
K
12.
127 I

2.
5.
8.

8p, 9n, 8e
13p, 14n, 10e
21p, 24n, 18e

3.
6.
9.

2p, 2n, 0e
92p, 143n, 92e
17p, 20n, 18e

16

O2-

13.

14.

208

Pb2+

107.96

3.

10.85

4.

69.80

1.1.1 Exercise 2
1.

28.29

2.

1.2.1 Exercise 1
1.

2.

3.

4.

1s

2s

1s

2s

1s

2s

2p

[Ne
]
8.

3s

[Ar]

[Ar]

4s

[Ar]4s1

3p

1s22s22p63s23p6

5.

4s

9.

3s

4s

3d

2p

1s22s22p6

7.

10.

2p

11.

6.

1s22s22p63s23p6

3p

3d

3d

[Ar] 4s23d104p3

4p

12.

[Ar] 4s23d104p6

1.2.1 Exercise 2 Successive Ionisation Energies

1. a)

b)

Successive ionisation energies always increase because as an electron is

removed from a shell, the repulsion between the remaining electrons
decreases, as a result of which they move closer to the nucleus and so
more energy is required to remove them
There is a large increase between the 4th and 5th ionisation energies and
between the 11th and 12th ionisation energies because the 5th and 12th
electrons are removed from an inner shell. As a result there is a large drop
in shielding and the remaining electrons are much harder to remove.

2.