Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 MPa
and 374°C to 93°C. Determine the final quality and
the work for non-flow and steady flow processes.
Given:
m = 1 kgm
P1 = 2.1 MPa
T1 = 374°C
T2 = 93°C
Required:
a. x2 = ?
b. WNF = ?
c. WSF = ?
Solution:
a. x2 = ?
NOTE: For isentropic process, entropy is constant.
𝑠=𝐶
𝑠1 = 𝑠2
At point 1:
@ P1 = 2.1 MPa, T1 = 374°C
Identify the state of the steam.
Tsat = 214.90°C
Since T1 > Tsat, therefore the steam is superheated.
Let’s go to Table 3.
P1 = 2.1 MPa, T1 = 374°C
Temperature Entropy
370 7.0017
374 s1
380 7.0360
374 − 370 𝑠1 − 7.0017
=
380 − 370 7.0360 − 7.0017
𝑘𝐽
𝑠1 = 7.01542 = 𝑠2
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝐾
At point 2:
T2 = 93°C, s2 = 7.01542 kJ/kg-K
sf = 1.2271 kJ/kg-K >> saturated liquid >> R2
sfg = 6.2138 kJ/kg-K
sg = 7.4409 kJ/kg-K >> saturated vapor >> R4
Since sf < s2 < sg, thus the steam is wet vapor.
7.01542 − 1.2271
𝑥2 =
6.2138
𝒙𝟐 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟑𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟔𝟔𝟎𝟐𝟏 [𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑾𝑬𝑹]
b. Work non-flow
For isentropic process,
𝑃2 𝑉2 − 𝑃1 𝑉1
𝑊𝑁𝐹 =
1−𝑘
**Ideal Gas Equation
𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇1
𝑃2 𝑉2 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇2
𝑚𝑅𝑇2 − 𝑚𝑅𝑇1
𝑊𝑁𝐹 =
1−𝑘
𝑚𝑅 [𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ]
𝑊𝑁𝐹 =
1−𝑘
𝑚𝑅∆𝑇
𝑊𝑁𝐹 =
−[−1 + 𝑘]
𝑚𝑅∆𝑇
𝑊𝑁𝐹 =
−[𝑘 − 1]
𝑅
𝑁𝑂𝑇𝐸: 𝐶𝑣 =
𝑘−1
𝑚∆𝑇
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝐶
−1 𝑣
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = −𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇
𝐵𝑢𝑡; ∆𝑢 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = −∆𝑢
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = −[𝑢2 − 𝑢1 ]
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = −𝑢2 + 𝑢1
𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑢1 − 𝑢2
At point 1:
@2.1 MPa, 374°C [superheated]
370 2892.7
374 u1
380 2909.8
374 − 370 𝑢1 − 2892.7
=
380 − 370 2909.8 − 2892.7
𝑘𝐽
𝑢1 = 2899.54
𝑘𝑔
370 3179.5
374 h1
380 3201.7
374 − 370 ℎ1 − 3179.5
=
380 − 370 3201.7 − 3179.5
𝑘𝐽
ℎ1 = 3188.38
𝑘𝑔
At point 2, h2:
@T2 = 93°C, s2 = 7.01542 kJ/kg-K, 𝑥2 =
0.9315266021 [wet vapor]
ℎ2 = ℎ𝑓 + 𝑥ℎ𝑓𝑔
hf = 389.54 kJ/kg
hfg = 2275.4 kJ/kg
ℎ2 = 389.54 + [0.9315266021][2275.4]
𝑘𝐽
ℎ2 = 2509.13563
𝑘𝑔
Required:
WSF = ?
e=?
Solution:
For irreversible adiabatic process,
𝑊𝑆𝐹′ = ℎ1 − ℎ2′
At point 1, find h1.
@0.52 MPa, 300°C
Identify the state of the steam.
@0.52 MPa, Tsat = 153.34°C
Since T1 > Tsat, the steam is superheated.
Let’s go to Table 3.
@0.52 MPa, 300°C
h1 = 3063.7 kJ/kg
𝑊𝑆𝐹′ = ℎ1 − ℎ2′
𝑊𝑆𝐹′ = 3063.7 − 2591.1
𝒌𝑱
𝑾𝑺𝑭′ = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟔 [𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑾𝑬𝑹]
𝒌𝒈
b. Efficiency of expansion
𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑆𝐹 ′
𝑒= = × 100%
𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑆𝐹
𝑊𝑆𝐹 = ℎ1 − ℎ2
ℎ2 = ℎ𝑓 + 𝑥ℎ𝑓𝑔
hf = 206.92 kJ/kg
hfg = 2384.1 kJ/kg
ℎ2 = 206.92 + [0.9126928281][2384.1]
𝑘𝐽
ℎ2 = 2382.870971
𝑘𝑔
472.6
𝑒= × 100%
680.8290285
𝒆 = 𝟔𝟗. 𝟒𝟏𝟓𝟑𝟕𝟏𝟓𝟗% [𝑨𝑵𝑺𝑾𝑬𝑹]