Reheat Cycle [ACTUAL]

A steam turbine receives 362,000 kg/hr of steam

throttled at 8.70 MPa and 410°C. Steam leaves the
high pressure turbine shell at 2 MPa with 7.58
degrees superheat. Reheated steam is at 1.9 MPa and
410°C. Condensate is at 78°C. For a generator output
of 100 MW at 94% efficiency, calculate the following:

1. Actual cycle thermal efficiency

2. Actual combined thermal efficiency
3. Actual combined engine efficiency

1.9 MPa, 410°C

2 MPa, 7.58°SH
8.70 MPa, 410°C
100 MW,
94%

78°C
 8.7 MPa

2 MPa

1.9 MPa

78°C 4’

1. Actual cycle thermal efficiency

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡
𝑒= × 100%
𝑄𝐴𝑇
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = ℎ1 − ℎ2′ + ℎ3′ − ℎ4′ + ℎ5 − ℎ𝐵

At point 1:
@8.7 MPa, 410°C [superheated, Table 3, T1 > Ts]
Tsat = 300.98°C
h1 = 3152.6 kJ/kg
At point 2:
@2MPa, 7.58°SH
Tsat = 212.42°C + 7.58°C = 220°C
Table 3:
@2 MPa, 220°C
h2’ = 2821.7 kJ/kg

At point 3:
@1.9 MPa, 410°C [superheated]
h3’ = 3271.2 kJ/kg
Temperature Enthalpy Entropy
400 3249.3 7.1526
410 h3’ s3’
420 3293.1 7.2168
410 − 400 ℎ3′ − 3249.3
=
420 − 400 3293.1 − 3249.3
𝑘𝐽
ℎ3′ = 3271.2
𝑘𝑔
410 − 400 𝑠3′ − 7.1526
=
420 − 400 7.2168 − 7.1526
 𝑘𝐽
𝑠3′ = 7.1847 = 𝑠4′
𝑘𝑔 ∙ 𝐾

From point 3 to point 4, isentropic process: s3’ = s4’

At point 4:
@78°C, s4 = 7.1847 kJ/kg-K
At Table 1:
sf = 1.0515 kJ/kg-K
sfg = 6.5885 kJ/kg-K
sg = 7.6400 kJ/kg-K
Since s4 < sg, thus wet vapor.
Target: Quality
𝑠4′ = 𝑠𝑓 + 𝑥𝑠𝑓𝑔
𝑠4′ − 𝑠𝑓
𝑥=
𝑠𝑓𝑔
7.1847 − 1.0515
𝑥=
6.5885
𝑥 = 0.9308947408
hf = 326.51 kJ/kg
hfg = 2313.8 kJ/kg
 ℎ4′ = ℎ𝑓 + 𝑥ℎ𝑓𝑔
ℎ4′ = 326.51 + [0.9308947408][2313.8]
𝑘𝐽
ℎ4′ = 2480.414251
𝑘𝑔
At point 5;
h5 = hf @78°C = 326.51 kJ/kg

At point B;
ℎ𝐵 = ℎ5 + 𝑊𝑝

𝑊𝑝 = 𝑣𝑓 [𝑃𝐵 − 𝑃5 ]
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑃𝐵 = 8.7 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 8,700 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑃5 = 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 @78℃ = 0.04368 𝑀𝑃𝑎 = 43.68 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑚3
𝑣𝑓 = 0.0010278
𝑘𝑔
𝑚3 𝑘𝑁
𝑊𝑝 = 0.0010278 [8700 − 43.68] 2
𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝑘𝐽
𝑊𝑝 = 8.896965696
𝑘𝑔
 ℎ𝐵 = ℎ5 + 𝑊𝑝
ℎ𝐵 = 326.51 + 8.896965696
𝑘𝐽
ℎ𝐵 = 335.4069657
𝑘𝑔

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = ℎ1 − ℎ2′ + ℎ3′ − ℎ4′ + ℎ5 − ℎ𝐵

𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 3152.6 − 2821.7 + 3271.2 − 2480.414251
+ 326.51 − 335.4069657
𝑘𝐽
𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 1112.788783
𝑘𝑔

𝑄𝐴𝑇 = ℎ1 − ℎ2′ + ℎ3′ − ℎ𝐵

𝑄𝐴𝑇 = 3152.6 − 2821.7 + 3271.2 − 335.4069657
𝑘𝐽
𝑄𝐴𝑇 = 3266.693034
𝑘𝑔

𝑘𝐽
1112.788783
𝑘𝑔
𝑒= × 100%
𝑘𝐽
3266.693034
𝑘𝑔
 𝑒 = 34.06468779% [𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅 ]

2. Actual combined thermal efficiency

𝐸𝑃
𝑒𝑘 = × 100%
𝐸𝑐
𝐸𝑃 = 100 𝑀𝑊
𝐸𝑐 = ḿ[ℎ1 − ℎ2′ + ℎ3′ − ℎ5 ]
𝑘𝑔
𝐸𝑐 = 362,000 [3152.6 − 2821.7 + 3271.2
ℎ𝑟
𝑘𝐽
− 326.51]
𝑘𝑔
𝑘𝐽 1 ℎ𝑟 1 𝑀𝐽
𝐸𝑐 = 1185763580 [ ][ ]
ℎ𝑟 3600 𝑠 1000 𝑘𝐽
𝐸𝑐 = 329.3787722 𝑀𝑊

100 𝑀𝑊
𝑒𝑘 = × 100%
329.3787722 𝑀𝑊
𝑒𝑘 = 30.3601836% [𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅 ]
3. Actual combined engine efficiency
𝐸𝑃
𝜂𝑘 = × 100%
𝑇𝑃
𝐸𝑃 = 100 𝑀𝑊
𝑇𝑃 = ḿ𝑊𝑡
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒:
𝑊𝑡 = ℎ1 − ℎ2′ + ℎ3′ − ℎ4′
𝑊𝑡 = 3152.6 − 2821.7 + 3271.2 − 2480.414251
𝑘𝐽
𝑊𝑡 = 1121.685749
𝑘𝑔

𝑇𝑃 = ḿ𝑊𝑡
𝑘𝑔 𝑘𝐽 1 ℎ𝑟 1 𝑀𝐽
𝑇𝑃 = [362000 ] [1121.685749 ] [ ][ ]
ℎ𝑟 𝑘𝑔 3600 𝑠 1000 𝑘𝐽
𝑇𝑃 = 112.7917336 𝑀𝑊

𝐸𝑃
𝜂𝑘 = × 100%
𝑇𝑃
100 𝑀𝑊
𝜂𝑘 = × 100%
112.7917336 𝑀𝑊
𝜂𝑘 = 88.65897953% [𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅 ]

ḿ
𝑆𝑅 =
𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑡