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Intersemitica:

L A

C I R C U L A C I N

D E L

S I G N I F I C A D O

Jess Octavio Elizondo Martnez


compilador

Asociacin Mexicana de Estudios de Semitica Visual y del Espacio A.C. (AMESVE)


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MBDVBMMTFKVTUJDBEFTVTDPOTUBOUFTTBMJEBTOPDUVSOBT&TUPUBNCJOMFTJSWFQBSB
FYDVTBSTFEFMFYBHFSBEPDVJEBEPEFTVBQBSJFODJBGTJDBFOMPTNPNFOUPTFOMPTDVBMFT
TFEJTQPOFBTBMJS


-BJODPNVOJDBDJOUBNCJOTFQSPEVDFQPSRVFFYJTUFVOBEFTDPOBO[BEFMVOP

IBDJBFMPUSP ZBRVFFOTVTBOUFSJPSFTSVQUVSBTOPIBOTJEPOBEBGDJMFTEFIFDIP MPT


QSJNFSPTFODVFOUSPTFOUSFFMMPTTPONVZWJPMFOUPT&OTUPT-BJ:JV'BJMFSFDMBNBQPSRV
TBCFTVONFSPUFMFGOJDPP JODMVTP TFOJFHBBMMFWBSMPBDPOPDFSFMEFQBSUBNFOUPFO
RVFIBCJUB


&TUB JODPNVOJDBDJO FO MBT QBSFKBT EF 8POH ,BS 8BJ DPOUSBTUB OPUPSJBNFOUF

DPOMBTQBSFKBTEFMDJOFOPSUFBNFSJDBOPNTDPOWFODJPOBM FOMBTDVBMFTBQBSFOUFNFO
UFFYJTUFVOBCVFOBDPNVOJDBDJOZUPEPTTPOGFMJDFT"RVMPTQFRVFPTNPNFOUPT
GFMJDFTTFJOJDJBOEFTQVTEFTJUVBDJPOFTEJGDJMFTZEFDPOTUBOUFTTFQBSBDJPOFT QFMFBT
ZEJTDVTJPOFT"EFNT OVODBFTVOBGFMJDJEBEHBSBOUJ[BEB TJOPUPEPMPDPOUSBSJP TF
FODVFOUSBTPCSFVOFRVJMJCSJPNVZGDJMEFSPNQFS

"NPEPEFDPODMVTJO
-BQBSFKBFTVOPEFMPTUFNBTNTJNQPSUBOUFTEFMBPCSBEF8POH,BS8BJ FODBTJ
UPEBTTVTQFMDVMBTMPTQFSTPOBKFTMMFHBOBFOBNPSBSTF QFSPFYJTUFOGBDUPSFTFYUFSOPT
RVF MFT JNQJEFO EFTBSSPMMBSTF QMFOBNFOUF &T DVSJPTP RVF MB QSJNFSB TFDVFODJB EF
MB QFMDVMB OPT DVFOUF VOB SFDPODJMJBDJO BQBSFOUFNFOUF GFMJ[  QBSB QPTUFSJPSNFOUF
TPCSFWFOJSVOBWJPMFOUBSVQUVSB


-B WJPMFODJB FT VOB EF MBT DBSBDUFSTUJDBT QBSUJDVMBSFT FO FTUB QFMDVMB  ZB RVF

MPTQFSTPOBKFTEF-BJ:JV'BJZ)P1P8JOHFOGSFOUBODPOTUBOUFTQFMFBT EJTDVTJPOFT
Z BSSFCBUPT EF DFMPT RVF MPT IBDFO WJWJS FO VOB SFMBDJO CBTUBOUF QBSBOPJDB Z
BVUPEFTUSVDUJWB



1PSPUSBQBSUF MBTPMFEBEFJODPNVOJDBDJOTFWBBQSPEVDJSBMOPQPEFSTFSFBMJ[BS

EFGPSNBNTQPTJUJWBFTUBTSFMBDJPOFT"MQFSTPOBKFEF-BJ:JV'BJTFMFQSFTFOUBHSBO
QBSUFEFMUJFNQPEFQSJNJEPFOFMDVBSUPEPOEFIBCJUBP QFPSBO FOMVHBSFTQCMJDPT
DPNPCBSFT DBMMFTZQBSUJEPTEFGUCPM


1FSP BMHP RVF UBNCJO DBSBDUFSJ[BSB B MPT QFSTPOBKFT EF FTUF EJSFDUPS FT RVF

FNQSFOEFOVOBCTRVFEBQFSTPOBMNTBMMEFMBSFMBDJOEFQBSFKBRVFUJFOFRVFWFS
DPOMB[PTDVMUVSBMFT HFPHSDPT GBNJMJBSFTPEFBNJTUBEZRVF FOFMDBTPEFMBQFMDVMB
RVFOPTPDVQB BZVEBBTBMJSBEFMBOUFBMQFSTPOBKFQSJODJQBMEF-BJ:JV'BJ


1PS MUJNP  TF BOBMJ[BSPO BMHVOBT EF MBT TFDVFODJBT RVF UJFOFO RVF WFS DPO FM

SFDVFSEP FMDVBMQPSPUSPMBEPSFTVMUBTFSMBDMBWFQBSBFOUFOEFSMBQFMDVMBZQBSUFEFMB
PCSBEF8POH,BJS8BJ ZBRVFBNCPTQFSTPOBKFT UBOUP-BJ:JV'BJDPNP)P1P8JOH 
TPOSFBMNFOUFGFMJDFTDVBOEPSFDVFSEBOVOBSFMBDJORVFZBIBDPODMVJEP:FTDPNP
TJMBGFMJDJEBENTiQVSBuTFEJFSBFOFMBDPOUFDJNJFOUPQBTBEP FOBRVFMMPRVFTFWJWJ
ZRVFTFIBJEPJSSFNFEJBCMFNFOUFQBSBTJFNQSF


"VORVF FTUPT SFDVFSEPT OP UFOHBO RVF WFS DPO BDPOUFDJNJFOUPT HSBOEJPTPT 

DPNPFOVODJOFNTiDPNFSDJBMu TJOPNTCJFODPODVFTUJPOFTOUJNBTRVFTFSFFSFO
B DVJEBS B MB QFSTPOB BNBEB EVSBOUF VOB FOGFSNFEBE FM OP UFOFS OBEB RVF IBDFS
BOUFTEFJSTFBEPSNJSPBMCBJMBSUBOHPFOMBSFDNBSBRVFOPTJOEJDBOMBGFMJDJEBERVF
TFOUJNPTEFFTUBSKVOUPTDPOMBQFSTPOBBNBEB DPNPFMNJTNPUUVMPEFMBQFMDVMB

#JCMJPHSBGB
"VNPU +BRVFT 
"OMJTJTEFMMN 1BJET #BSDFMPOB
#PSEXFMM %BWJE 
&MTJHOJDBEPEFMMN*OGFSFODJBZSFUSJDBFOMBJOUFSQSFUBDJO
DJOFNBUPHSDB 1BJET #BSDFMPOB
$BSNPOB 3BNO 
$NPTFDPNFOUBVOUFYUPGMNJDP$UFESB .BESJE
$BTFUUJ 'SBODFTDP 
$NPBOBMJ[BSVOMN 1BJET #BSDFMPOB
$IJPO .JDIFM 
$NPTFFTDSJCFVOHVJO $UFESB .BESJE
&DP  6NCFSUP 
 *OUFSQSFUBDJO Z TPCSFJOUFSQSFUBDJO  $BNCSJEHF 6OJWFSTJUZ
1SFTT (SBO#SFUBB
'JKP "MCFSUP 
#SFWFFODVFOUSP&TUVEJPTPCSFEJSFDUPSFTEFMDJOFDPOUFNQPSOFP 
%PTTBU .BESJE



(BSDB+JNOF[ +FTT 


/BSSBUJWBBVEJPWJTVBM $UFESB .BESJE
.BS[BM 'FMJDJ  +PT 
 (VB QBSB WFS Z BOBMJ[BS FM $JVEBEBOP ,BOF  0DUBFESP 
.BESJE
/FMNFT )JMM 
"OJOUSPEVDUJPOUPMNTUVEJFT3PVUMFEHF -POESFT
 4UBN 3PCFSU FU BM 
 /VFWPT DPODFQUPT EFM DJOF &TUSVDUVSBMJTNP  TFNJUJDB 
OBSSBUPMPHB 1TJDPBOMJTJT JOUFSUFYUVBMJEBE 1BJET #BSDFMPOB
4BOUPT  /P 
 i&M QMBDFS EF MPT DJOFBTUBTu 3FWJTUB 5JFSSB "EFOUSP  /P  
$POBDVMUB .YJDP
4UFQIFO 5FP 
8POH,BS8BJ #SJUJTI*OTUJUVF 3FJOP6OJEP
5JSBE  -BVSFOU 
 -FDDJPOFT EF DJOF $MBTFT NBHJTUSBMFT EF HSBOEFT EJSFDUPSFT
FYQMJDBEBTQPSFMMPTNJTNPT 1BJET #BSDFMPOB
;BWBMB  -BVSP 
 1FSNBOFODJB WPMVOUBSJB &M DJOF Z TV FTQFDUBEPS  6OJWFSTJEBE
7FSBDSV[BOB 9BMBQB



&MBDUPDSFBUJWPEFMBUSBEVDDJO
JOUFSTFNJUJDB"EBQUBDJODJOFNBUPHSDB
FO.PVMJO3PVHFEF#B[-VISNBOO
$JOUIZB$IWF[

%FMBMJUFSBUVSBBMDJOF
-B USBEVDDJO JOUFSTFNJUJDB  FTQFDDBNFOUF EF VO UFYUP MJUFSBSJP B VO UFYUP
DJOFNBUPHSDP TVQPOFMBIBCJMJEBE DPOUJOUFTBSUTUJDPT EFVOUSBEVDUPSmZBTFBVO
EJSFDUPSPHVJPOJTUBPBNCPTFODJFSUPTDBTPTmQPSRVFTUFUSBCBKBDPOEPTTJTUFNBT
THOJDPTEJGFSFOUFTRVFOPDPNQBSUFOMBTNJTNBTGPSNBTEFSFQSFTFOUBDJO4JCJFOFOMB
USBEVDDJOJOUFSMJOHJTUJDBFYJTUFMBGBMUBEFFRVJWBMFODJBFOUSFDBUFHPSBTHSBNBUJDBMFT
EFVOBMFOHVBZPUSB FOMBUSBEVDDJOJOUFSTFNJUJDBTFDBSFDF DPNPMMFHBBQMBOUFBSTF
3PNO (VCFSO  EF VO iWPDBCVMBSJP JDOJDP TJTUFNUJDP Z GPSNBMJ[BEP DPNP FM EF
OVFTUSPTEJDDJPOBSJPTMJOHTUJDPTu


-PEJDIPTVQPOFMBJNQPTJCJMJEBEEFMBBEBQUBDJOQBMBCSBQPS QBMBCSBEFVOB

OPWFMBBVOBQFMDVMB-BBEBQUBDJODJOFNBUPHSDB QPSUBOUP TFSFBMJ[BBQBSUJSEF


MBUSBEVDDJOEFNFOTBKFTDPNQMFUPTQSJNFSPBQBSUJSEFMBDPOGSPOUBDJOEFMPTEPT
TJTUFNBTNFEJBOUFQBSNFUSPTDPNVOFTBBNCPTZ QPTUFSJPSNFOUF BQBSUJSEFMBBQMJ
DBDJO EF FTUSBUFHJBT EFM MFOHVBKF DJOFNBUPHSDP QBSB SFDSFBS FM TFOUJEP EFM UFYUP
GVFOUF


4PCSFMBDPOGSPOUBDJOEFMPTEPTMFOHVBKFT VOQSJNFSFMFNFOUPBGOFTRVFMPT

EPTTPOTJTUFNBTOBSSBUJWPTDPOVOBFTUSVDUVSBTFDVFODJBMFOMBRVFTFQVFEFJEFOUJDBS
VOB USBNB Z VO BSHVNFOUP  Z EF MPT DVBMFT TF QVFEF BCTUSBFS VO JOJDJP Z VO OBM 
BTDPNPVOHSVQPEFQFSTPOBKFTDVZPTSPMFTQMBOUFBOVOBTFSJFEFDPOJDUPTRVFTF
EFTBSSPMMBOZEFTFOMB[BOBMPMBSHPEFMBIJTUPSJB


1FFUFS 5PSPQ DPOEFOTB MPT FMFNFOUPT TFBMBEPT FO USFT DSPOPUPQPT OFDFTBSJPT

QBSBFMBOMJTJTEFVOBUSBEVDDJOEFFTUFUJQP


3PNO(VCFSO DJUBEPFO1FB"SEJE $BSNFO-JUFSBUVSBZDJOF



B
DSPOPUPQPUPQPHSDPTVDFTJOEFBDPOUFDJNJFOUPTFOVONVOEPSFDPOPDJCMF
QBSBFMFTQFDUBEPS BUSBWTEFMDVBMFMMFDUPSFOUSBFODPOUBDUPDPOVOUJFNQPZ
VOFTQBDJP
C
DSPOPUPQPQTJDPMHJDPBDUPSFTRVFUSBOTNJUFOMPTBTQFDUPTEFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUP
ZDPOJDUPTEFMPTQFSTPOBKFT Z
D
DSPOPUPQPNFUBGTJDPDPODFQDJOPJOUFSQSFUBDJORVFFMBVUPSUJFOFEFMSFMBUP
&O FTUB MUJNB DBUFHPSB TF GVOEBNFOUB MB BVUPSB V PSJHJOBMJEBE FO MB BEBQUBDJO 
ZBRVFTFSFFSFBMFTUJMPDPOFMRVFFMUSBEVDUPSUSBOTQPOFMPTTJHOPTTUFQBSUFEFMB
TVCKFUJWJEBEZEFUFSNJOBMBTNPEJDBDJPOFTFOUSFFMUFYUPGVFOUFZFMUFYUPNFUB&TUBT
NPEJDBDJPOFTQMBOUFBEBTQPS5PSPQ DPNPTVTUJUVDJO BEJDJO QSEJEBZDPOWFSTJO
EFFMFNFOUPT BGFDUBOBMPTDSPOPUPQPTPSJHJOBMFTZQFSNJUFOVOBUSBOTGPSNBDJOFTUJ
MTUJDBFJEFPMHJDBEFMUFYUPGVFOUF

-BBEBQUBDJOEFOUSPEFMBQSPEVDDJODJOFNBUPHSDB
De acuerdo a la operatividad de la produccin cinematogrca, se puede observar
que la adaptacin se produce sucesivamente de la siguiente manera:



 MFDUVSB EFM UFYUP GVFOUF QPS QBSUF EFM TVKFUP USBEVDUPS EJSFDUPS  HVJPOJTUB F

JODMVTP QSPEVDUPS
 
 EFOJDJO EFM BSHVNFOUP Z USBNB EF MB BEBQUBDJO DPO CBTF
FOFMFTUJMPEFMEJSFDUPSFOFMDBTPEFMEFOPNJOBEPDJOFEFBVUPSZPUSPTFMFNFOUPT
DPNP QSFTVQVFTUP  FYQFDUBUJWBT EF EJTUSJCVDJO Z QCMJDP BM RVF WB EJSJHJEP FO FM
DBTPEFMEFOPNJOBEPDJOFDPNFSDJBM
EFTBSSPMMPEFVOHVJOMJUFSBSJP NJTNPRVF
JNQMJDBZBVOBUSBEVDDJOEFUJQPJOUSBMJOHTUJDB ZFOFMRVFTFPCTFSWBOMBTQSJNFSBT
NPEJDBDJPOFTQMBOUFBEBTQPS5PSPQ
EFTBSSPMMPEFVOHVJOUDOJDPRVFEJTQPOF
MBTUPNBTZMPTFODVBESFTDPOMPTRVFTFSFQSFTFOUBSOMBTTJUVBDJPOFT ZRVFGVODJPOB
DPNP VO JOTUSVDUJWP QBSB MB DPOTUSVDDJO EF MB JNHFOFT  Z 
 EFTBSSPMMP EFM 4UPSZ
CPBSE RVFDPOTUJUVZFVOBQSJNFSBGPSNBEFUSBEVDDJOJOUFSTFNJUJDBRVF DPOCBTF
FOFMHVJOUDOJDP FTCP[BMBTUPNBTEFMBQFMDVMBBQBSUJSEFVOVOBTFSJFEFDVBESPT
TFDVFODJBMFTSFQSFTFOUBEPTFOEJCVKPT ZFOMPTDVBMFTDBEBEFQBSUBNFOUPTFCBTBQBSB
EFTBSSPMMBSWFTUVBSJP FTDFOPHSBGB JMVNJOBDJO FUDUFSB


&OUSNJOPTHFOFSBMFTEFMDJOFDPNFSDJBM FOQSPEVDDJPOFTEFBMUPQSFTVQVFTUPZDJOFOPFYQFSJNFOUBM



'JOBMNFOUF TPOMNBEBTMBTUPNBTZ EFFOUSFFMNBUFSJBMDPOTFHVJEPFOJNBHFO TF

NPOUBMBUSBNBNFEJBOUFFMQSPDFTPEFFEJDJOTUFFTFMMUJNPQBTPEFMBDPOTUSVDDJO
EFMTFOUJEPEFMBIJTUPSJBZBRVFFTUFQSPDFTPEFOFMBTVDFTJOEFBDDJPOFTFOMBQFMDVMB
BQBSUJSEFVOSJUNPQBSUJDVMBS

"OMJTJTEFVODBTPQBSUJDVMBS
.PVMJO3PVHF QFMDVMBEFMEJSFDUPS#B[-VISNBOO BQBSFDFNTEFDJFOBPTEFTQVT
EF MB PCSB EF %VNBT -B EBNB EF MBT DBNFMJBT "VORVF FM EJSFDUPS  RVJFO UBNCJO
QBSUJDJQFOMBSFBMJ[BDJOEFMHVJO OPBOVODJBRVFTVPCSBTFBVOBBEBQUBDJO TF
QVFEFOJEFOUJDBSMPTFMFNFOUPTGVOEBNFOUBMFTEFVOBPCSBFOMBPUSB
-BTFDVFODJBJOJDJBMEFMBQFMDVMB DVZBEVSBDJOFTEFDVBUSPNJOVUPTBQSPYJ
NBEBNFOUF FYQPOFMBTQSJODJQBMFTDBSBDUFSTUJDBTEFMPTUSFTDSPOPUPQPTZBQMBOUFBEPT
1PS VO MBEP  MB VCJDBDJO FTQBDJP UFNQPSBM TF NVFTUSB QSJNFSP DPO MB DPSUJOJMMB EF
1BST    Z QPTUFSJPSNFOUF DPO MB JNBHFO EFM .PVMJO 3PVHF  MB UPSSF &JFM Z VO
SQJEP SFDPSSJEP BOJNBEP RVF TF IBDF EFTEF MB QVOUB EF MB UPSSF IBTUB FM CBSSJP EF
.POUNBSUSF QBTBOEPHJMNFOUFQPSMBTDBMMFTEF1BST


-B QSFTFOUBDJO EF QFSTPOBKFT  FT EFDJS FM DSPOPUPQP QTJDPMHJDP  JOJDJB DPO VO

QSJNFSOBSSBEPS TFUSBUBEFMBSFQSFTFOUBDJOEFMQJOUPSEFMBQPDB5PVMPVTF-BVUSFD 
RVJFOBTVWF[SFQSFTFOUBBVOBiDUBSB JOTUSVNFOUPNVTJDBM
RVFTMPEJDFMBWFSEBEu 
mMPDVBMTFDPNQSFOEFSDPOGPSNFBWBODFMBOBSSBDJOmZRVFJOUSPEVDFBMQSPUBHPOJTUB
BUSBWTEFMBVUJMJ[BDJOEFMDPWFSEFVOBDBODJOEFNFEJBEPTEFMTJHMPQBTBEPUJUVMBEB
/BUVSF#PZ%FTQVT MBWP[OBSSBEPSBQBTBBMQSPUBHPOJTUBEFMBIJTUPSJB$ISJTUJBO VO
KPWFO FTDSJUPS RVF JOUSPEVDF B MPT EFNT QFSTPOBKFT  BT DPNP FM SPM RVF KVFHBO FO MB
IJTUPSJB BEFNTEFEFTDSJCJSFM.PVMJO3PVHFFOEPOEFTFMMFWBSOBDBCPMBTBDDJPOFT
GVOEBNFOUBMFTEFTUB5PEPFTUPTFDVFOUBDPOWP[FOPZBUSBWTEFVOBFEJDJORVFWB
EFMPRVFSFMBUBFOTVNRVJOBEFFTDSJCJSBMBTJNHFOFTEFDBEBVOPEFMPTQFSTPOBKFT


&MDSPOPUPQPNFUBGTJDPFTUJNQMDJUPUBOUPFOMPTFMFNFOUPTDJOFNBUPHSDPT

VUJMJ[BEPTDPNPMBJMVNJOBDJO MBNTJDBZMBFEJDJO DVZBGVODJOFTSFDSFBSFTUBEPTEF

4FSHJP8PMGEJTUJOHVFEJGFSFOUFTUJQPTEFBEBQUBDJOEFBDVFSEPBMBMFDUVSBZQSPZFDDJOQPSQBSUFEFMUSBEVDUPS
MBUSBOTQPTJDJOFODVCJFSUBSFTVMUBVOBWFSTJOOPEFDMBSBEBEFVOUFYUPBOUFSJPSZEFMBDVBMTFQVFEFOJEFOUJDBS
FMFNFOUPTPOJWFMFTEPNJOBOUFTRVFEFUFSNJOBOMBVOJEBEUFYUVBM



OJNPBTDPNPFOMPTEJMPHPTZMBQVFTUBFOFTDFOBFOHFOFSBMTFCVTDBSFQSFTFOUBSMB
JOUFODJOJEFPMHJDBEFMEJSFDUPS FOFTUFDBTPMBGSBTFSFJUFSBEBEFi-PNTJNQPSUBOUF
FOMBWJEBFTBNBSZTFSBNBEPBDBNCJPu


$PODMVTJPOFT
3FTVMUBJOUFSFTBOUFPCTFSWBSRVFFOMBTVDFTJOEFQBTPTQBSBMBBEBQUBDJOTFJOWP
MVDSBO EJGFSFOUFT GPSNBT EF USBEVDDJO  DPNP FM DBTP EF MB JOUSBMJOHTUJDB FO MB
DPOTUSVDDJOEFMHVJOMJUFSBSJP RVFTVQPOFVOBZMBTFSJFEFQSPDFTPTJOUFSTFNJUJDPT
EFMHVJOUDOJDPBMTUPSZCPBSE ZEFMPTEJCVKPTEFTUFBMBTFTDFOBTMNBEBTBTDPNP
MBJOUSBTFNJUJDBFOUSFMPTUSBUBNJFOUPTEFMNPOUBKFQBSBPCUFOFSMBWFSTJOOBM


&O FTUF DBTP QBSUJDVMBS  FM UFYUP NFUB TF DPOTUSVZF NFEJBOUF MB USBOTQPTJDJO

EFMMFHVBKFMJUFSBSJPBMMFOHVBKFDJOFNBUPHSDP EPNJOBOEPFMHOFSPNVTJDBMDPOMB
VUJMJ[BDJO EF DPWFST SFQSFTFOUBUJWPT EF MB EDBEB EF  QBSB MB QSFTFOUBDJO EF
QFSTPOBKFTZDPOTUSVDDJOEFTVTEJMPHPT.PVMJO3PVHFSFDVQFSBFMBSHVNFOUPFJODMVTP
MBUSBNBEFMBPCSBPSJHJOBMEF%VNBTNPEJDBOEPMPTDSPOPUPQPTHFOFSBMNFOUFBUSBWT
EFFTUSBUFHJBTJOUFSUFYUVBMFTDPNPMBDJUB MBBMVTJO MBQBSPEJBZMBDBSOBWBMJ[BDJO
&MUFYUPNFUBSFDVQFSBFMSPNBODFJSSFBMJ[BCMF MBFOGFSNFEBEEFMBQSPUBHPOJTUB MBT
QPTJDJPOFT TPDJBMFTJEFPMHJDBT EF MPT QFSTPOBKFT  BT DPNP MB JOUSJHB  FM QFSEO Z
OBMNFOUFMBNVFSUFEFMBQSPUBHPOJTUBEFMUFYUPGVFOUF


$PNPSFTVMUBEP MBBEBQUBDJODJOFNBUPHSDB BEFNTEFDSFBSVOBWFSTJOEFM

UFYUPGVFOUF SFQSFTFOUBMBDSFBDJOEFVOOVFWPUFYUPRVFTFQVFEFMFFSZEJTGSVUBS
DPNP BVUOPNP Z PSJHJOBM  DVZP WBMPS FTUUJDP QVFEF TFS EPCMF  DPNP VOB PCSB
DJOFNBUPHSDBZDPNPVOBBEBQUBDJO

#JCMJPHSBGB
+BLPCTPO 3PNBO 
i4PCSFMPTBTQFDUPTMJOHTUJDPTEFMBUSBEVDDJOuFO5FPSBT
EFMBUSBEVDDJO&EJDJOEF%NBTP-QF[(BSDB &TDVFMBEFUSBEVDUPSFTEF5PMFEP 
6OJWFSTJEBEEF$BTUJMMB-B.BODIB
1FB"SEJE $BSNFO 
-JUFSBUVSBZDJOFVOBBQSPYJNBDJODPNQBSBUJWB &EJUPSJBM
$UFESB .BESJE



5PSPQ 1FFUFS 


*OUFSTFNJPTJTZUSBEVDDJOJOUFSTFNJUJDBFO$VJDVJMDP3FWJTUBEF
MB&TDVFMB/BDJPOBMEF"OUSPQPMPHBF)JTUPSJB
/P .YJDP NBZPBHPTUP
Wolf, Sergio (2001), Cine/Literatura. Ritos de pasaje, Paids (Estudios de comunicacin), Argentina.




-BDPOTUSVDDJOEFMUJFNQPFOFMDJOF
JOEFQFOEJFOUFEFTBMUPTUFNQPSBMFT
OPSUFBNFSJDBOP
'FMJQF4JMWB3PVTTF

&MUJFNQPFOFMDJOFFTMBDPOTUSVDDJOMHJDBEFTFDVFODJBTRVFEBDPNPSFTVMUBEPVOB
OBSSBDJOWFSPTNJM&TUBJOWFTUJHBDJOQSFUFOEFNPTUSBSMBGPSNBFORVFFMUJFNQPTF
DPOTUSVZFFOFMDJOFJOEFQFOEJFOUFOPSUFBNFSJDBOPEFQFMDVMBTDPOTBMUPTUFNQPSB
MFT ZDNPFTUBUFNQPSBMJEBEEFTBMUPTQVFEFMMFHBSBBGFDUBSMBFTUSVDUVSBOBSSBUJWBFO
FMMNF ZMBQFSDFQDJORVFFMMFDUPSMMFHBBUFOFSEFMBOBSSBDJO
1BSBMPHSBSFMPCKFUJWPTFBOBMJ[BSPOMBTTJHVJFOUFTQFMDVMBT3FHSFTJPOFT EJSJHJEB
QPS +PIO .BZCVSZ %POOJF %BSLP  EJSJHJEB QPS 3JDIBSE ,FMMZ  Z &GFDUP NBSJQPTB 
EJSJHJEBQPS&SJD#SFTT%JDIBTQFMDVMBTNVFTUSBOVOBFTUSVDUVSBOBSSBUJWBEFTBMUPT
UFNQPSBMFT QPSFMMP TVPSEFOBDJOGBWPSFDFBVOBOMJTJTFTUSVDUVSBMZUFNQPSBM


1BSBMBJOWFTUJHBDJOTFFMJHJFSPOTFDVFODJBTSFQSFTFOUBUJWBT RVFGVFSPOBOBMJ[BEBT

QPSNFEJPEFEJTUJOUBTUFPSBTTFNJUJDBTSFGFSFOUFTBMUJFNQPZOBSSBDJO-BOBMJEBE
EFMBOMJTJTEFMBTTFDVFODJBTFTIBDFSFWJEFOUFMBEJDVMUBEOBSSBUJWBRVFBMHVOPTMNFT
QSPZFDUBOBMNPNFOUPEFEFTEPCMBSTVOBSSBDJOBVOBEJGFSFOUFUFNQPSBMJEBE


-BT UFPSBT ZP BQPZPT UFSJDPT QBSB FM BOMJTJT DPSSFTQPOEFO B MPT TJHVJFOUFT

BVUPSFT6NCFSUP&DP 'SBODPJT+PTU 'SBODP#FUUFUJOJ 1BVM3JDVS 4FSHFJ&JTFOTUFJO 


1JFS1BPMP1BTPMJOJ 4JMWFTUSB.BSJOJFMMPZ$ISJTUJBO.FU[


1BSBDPNFO[BS FTOFDFTBSJPFOUFOEFSQSJNFSPRVFFMDJOFFTDDJO ZBCJFOMP

TFBMB"OUPOJP$PTUBi&MDJOFFTVOMFOHVBKFDPOTVTSFHMBTZDPOWFODJPOFTu $PTUB 

 "EFNT  DPNP FM NJTNP $BTFUUJ BSNB  FT OFDFTBSJP QBSUJS EF MB BDFQUBDJO
EFM DJOF DPNP VO GFONFOP DVMUVSBM  QFSP BEFNT JODMVJS MB FTQFDJBMJ[BDJO EF MBT
JOUFSWFODJPOFTZMBJOUFSOBDJPOBMJ[BDJOEFMEFCBUF MMFWBOEPBMBQSFPDVQBDJOQPSFM
FTUVEJPEFMDJOFBVOUFSSFOPNVMUJEJTDJQMJOBSJP


1BSB EFKBS NT DMBSP MP BOUFSJPS  FT JOEJTQFOTBCMF FOUFOEFS RVF FM DJOF OP FT

VOBSFQSFTFOUBDJOEFMBSFBMJEBE OJOHOTVKFUPQVFEFQSFTFOUBSVONVOEPFYUFSOP 
QSFFYJTUFOUFZDPOUFOJEPEFOUSPEFMFODVBESFZFMUJFNQPEFMBIJTUPSJBJOUSOTFDBEFM



MNF.BSJOJFMMPIBDFIJODBQJFOFMIFDIPEFRVFFMDJOFQSPEVDFEFOVFWPMBSFBMJEBE 
FMFTQBDJP MBTSFMBDJPOFT FMUJFNQPEFOUSPEFTNJTNPFMDJOFBOVMBMBSFBMJEBEQBSB
HFOFSBSMBQSPQJB .BSJOJFMMP



%FKBOEPDMBSBTMBTQSFNJTBTEF.BSJOJFMMPZ1BTPMJOJ FMEFNPTUSBSMBGPSNBFO

MBRVFFMUJFNQPTFDPOTUSVZFEFOUSPEFMDJOFFTVOQVOUPJNQPSUBOUFEFQBSUJEB ZB
RVFEFTEFFTUBQFSTQFDUJWB MBDDJOQVFEFNBOJQVMBSFMUJFNQPFOTVCFOFDJP1BSB
FMMP #FUUFUJOJEFOFBMUJFNQPGMNJDPDPNPVOPEFMPTGVOEBNFOUPTEFMBFYQSFTJO
DJOFNBUPHSDB RVF FTU SFMFHBEP B VOB DPOTJEFSBDJO QSFGFSFOUFNFOUF SFGFSFODJBM 
SFQSFTFOUBUJWBP TFHOMPTFOGPRVFTMNPMHJDPT BOBMJ[BOEPTVWBSJBOUFQTJDPMHJDB 
FO TV EJNFOTJO JOUFSJPS B MB BDUJWJEBE SFDFQUJWB F JOUFHSBUJWB EFM FTQFDUBEPS 1PS
PUSPMBEP #FUUFUJOJQSPQPOFFMPCKFUPUJFNQPEFMEJTDVSTPGMNJDP RVFiIBJOEBHBEP
DPNPVOJWFSTPDUJDJPRVFTJNCPMJ[BFMVOJWFSTPUFNQPSBMEFMBSFBMJEBE USBUBOEPEF
EFUFSNJOBSFOMBQSDUJDBDJOFNBUPHSDBMPTDEJHPTZSFHMBTDBQBDFTEFHBSBOUJ[BSVOB
SFMBDJOEFTJHOJDBDJOZSFQSFTFOUBDJOEFMPTEJTUJOUPTTVDFTPTEFMQSJNFSPSFTQFDUP
B MPT EFM TFHVOEPu #FUUFUJOJ 
 %F GPSNB NT TFODJMMB FT FM UJFNQP EF #FUUFUJOJ 
VOiPSEFOEFTVDFTJOJSSFWFSTJCMFDPNPVOFMFNFOUPCTJDPEJTDSJNJOBOUFFOUSFMPT
EJGFSFOUFT NPEPT EF DPOFYJO  EF MPT TVDFTPTu #FUUFUJOJ 
 %JDIB UFNQPSBMJEBE
DPOTUJUVZF MB PSEFOBDJO MHJDB EF VO UPEP B USBWT EF DPOFYJPOFT EJFHUJDBT  RVF
HFOFSBMPRVF(JMMFT%FMFV[FEFOPNJOBVOBJNBHFOEFUJFNQP


%FOUSPEFMBUFNQPSBMJEBEDJOFNBUPHSDB DPNPZBGVFNFODJPOBEP TFBOVMB

MB SFBMJEBE QBSB HFOFSBS VOB SFBMJEBE GMNJDB DPNP %FMFV[F BSNB  EFOUSP EF TUB
TF SFTVFMWFO DPOJDUPT Z TJUVBDJPOFT B USBWT EF MB WFSPTJNJMJUVE EF MB JNBHFO FO
NPWJNJFOUPQPSFTUBSB[OFMDJOFOPQVFEFTFSFOUFOEJEPFOVOJEBEFTNOJNBTEF
TJHOJDBEPDPNPMPTPOMPTGPUPHSBNBT


&MDJOFDPOTBMUPTUFNQPSBMFTQSFTFOUBEJTUJOUBTUFNQPSBMJEBEFT FTUBJOWFTUJHBDJO

IBDFVOBEJWJTJOEFMUJFNQPDPOMBOBMJEBEEFFOUFOEFSFMEFTEPCMBNJFOUPOBSSBUJWP
QSFTFOUFFOMPTZBNFODJPOBEPTMNFT


&TJNQPSUBOUFBDMBSBSRVFEFOUSPEFMBTFTUSVDUVSBTOBSSBUJWBTEFNPWJNJFOUPT

UFNQPSBMFT TF FODVFOUSB VOB OVFWB GPSNB EF OBSSBDJO B MB RVF UBNCJO %FMFV[F
IBDFSFGFSFODJBMPJOUFSFTBOUFEFOUSPEFFTUBTOVFWBTFTUSVDUVSBTOBSSBUJWBTTFDFOUSB
FO MP RVF FM BVUPS BSHVNFOUB iMBT GPSNBT NPEFSOBT EF OBSSBDJO FNBOBO EF MBT
DPNQPTJDJPOFTZUJQPTEFJNBHFOUJFNQPu %FMFV[F




&TUBTFTUSVDUVSBTEFOBSSBDJOUFNQPSBMTFGVTJPOBOFOPUSPTDPNQPOFOUFTUFNQPSBMFT 
RVFQBSBOFTEFFTUBJOWFTUJHBDJOTFBQMJDBOEFMBTJHVJFOUFGPSNB
-BQSJNFSBDPOTUSVDDJOUFNQPSBMRVFTFQSPQPOFFTMBEFMUJFNQPPCKFUJWBPUBNCJO
DPOPDJEBDPNPUJFNQPEFMBFOVODJBDJO"QPZOEPTFFO#FUUFUJOJ FTUBUFNQPSBMJEBE
DSFBVOUJFNQPRVFFMFTQFDUBEPSGPS[PTBNFOUFUJFOFRVFWJWJS FMFTQFDUBEPSSFDPSSF
FM VOJWFSTP UFNQPSBM QSFDPOTUSVJEP Z IFUFSPEJSJHJEP QPS FM UJFNQP PCKFUJWP FTUB
JOTFSDJO EFBDVFSEPDPO#FUUFUJOJ FTUDBSBDUFSJ[BEBQPSTVEJGFSFODJBFOSFGFSFODJB
BMVOJWFSTPSFGFSJEPPSFQSFTFOUBEP ZTPCSFUPEPQPSTVOFDFTJEBEZOPBMUFSBCJMJEBE
SFTQFDUP BM QSPDFTP EF MFDUVSB 0USB GPSNB EF DPODFQDJO EF UJFNQP PCKFUJWP FT MB
DPOUJOVJEBEEFTVDFTPTRVFOBMNFOUFGPSNBSOVOBVOJEBEJOEJWJTJCMF DPNP)VTTFSM
EFOPUBZBVORVFMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFRVFEJDIBTEJWJTJPOFTTFBOQPTJCMFTFTUFMQSPEVDUP
OBMGMNJDPQPSFODJNBEFMBTQBSUFTRVFMPDPNQPOFO


&M UJFNQP GMNJDP EF TBMUPT UFNQPSBMFT  EF BDVFSEP B MBT QFMDVMBT WJTUBT QBSB

FTUF BOMJTJT  DPOUJFOF TJFNQSF BM NFOPT EPT UFNQPSBMJEBEFT -B QSJNFSB QBSB FTUB
JOWFTUJHBDJO TFS MMBNBEB UJFNQP IJTUSJDP  EPOEF TF DFOUSBS FM IJMP DPOEVDUPS EF
MBOBSSBDJO1BSBMFMPBTUF TJFOEPEFDPOTUSVDDJOOBSSBUJWBZEFFWFOUPTFONJTNB
GPSNBFOMBRVFTFDPOTUSVZFFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDP FTUFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPBMUFSOP"IPSB
MB DPOTUSVDDJO EF UJFNQP PCKFUJWP EF MBT QFMDVMBT BOBMJ[BEBT DPOUFOES FOUPODFT
EPTUJFNQPTRVFJOUFSBDUVBSOEVSBOUFUPEPFMUJFNQPGMNJDPFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPZFM
UJFNQPIJTUSJDPBMUFSOP


-BTFHVOEBUFNQPSBMJEBERVFMBJOWFTUJHBDJONBOFKBFTFMUJFNQPEFMBMFDUVSBP

UBNCJODPOPDJEPDPNPUJFNQPEFMBWJTJOEF#FUUFUJOJ1BSB3JDVS MBMFDUVSBNFEJB
FOUSFFMNVOEPEFDDJOEFMUFYUPZFMNVOEPFGFDUJWPEFMMFDUPSFTBRVEPOEFSBEJDBMB
JNQPSUBODJBEFMUJFNQPIVNBOPRVFTFBGFDUBMPTFGFDUPTEFDDJO FGFDUPTEFSFWF
MBDJOZEFUSBOTGPSNBDJOTPOUPEPTGVOEBNFOUBMNFOUFFGFDUPTEFMFDUVSB3JDVSBS
NBDNPFTRVF QPSNFEJPEFMBMFDUVSB FTEFUFSNJOBEBMBSFMBDJOEFBQMJDBDJORVF
DPOTUJUVZFFMFRVJWBMFOUFEFMBSFMBDJOEFSFQSFTFOUBDJOFOFMUFSSFOPEFMBDDJO


$PO CBTF FO MP BOUFSJPS  Z QBSB GVOEBS FM SFMBUP  +PTU TFBMB MB OFDFTJEBE EFM

TFNJMPHPEFQBSUJSEFMPRVFTFMFBQBSFDFBMFTQFDUBEPSFOFTUFTFOUJEP iDPNQSFOEFS
DPNPTFDPNQSFOEFu FTEFTDSJCJSMBGFOPNFOPMPHBEFMPOBSSBUJWP%FIFDIP FT+PTUFM
RVFTFBMBEPTTJUVBDJPOFTFWJEFOUFT



 &M SFMBUP FYJTUF FO MB NFEJEB FO RVF FT SFDPOPDJEP QPS DVBMRVJFS iVTVBSJP
JOHFOVPu FTEFDJS IBZVOBJNQSFTJOEFOBSSBUJWJEBE
&MSFMBUPFTVOPCKFUPSFBMGVFSBEFOPTPUSPT
4FSOBMNFOUFFMUJFNQPEFMBMFDUVSBVOBDPOTUSVDDJOEFMBIJTUPSJB TVDPSSFMBUP MB
SFMBDJOFOUSFTUBTZMBGPSNBFOMBRVFFMFTQFDUBEPSMBTQFSDJCF-BMFDUVSBEFMMNF 
DPNP3JDVSNFODJPOB TFMMFWBSBDBCPTPMBNFOUFEFOUSPEFTVNJTNBUFNQPSBMJEBE
QPSFMMPMBJNQPSUBODJBEFMBDPOTUSVDDJODPSSFDUBEFVOUJFNQPPCKFUJWPQBSBSFFKBS
VOBOBSSBDJOEJFHUJDBFOFMMFDUPS


"DPOUJOVBDJOTFNVFTUSBFMNPEFMPQSPQVFTUPQPSMBJOWFTUJHBDJOQBSBFTUSVD

UVSBSFMUJFNQPFOFMDJOFDPOTBMUPTUFNQPSBMFT&MFTRVFNBNVFTUSBEFGPSNBHSDB
MBTJUVBDJOEFMBTEJGFSFOUFTUFNQPSBMJEBEFTFOMPTMNFT

Tiempo de lectura

Tiempo Histrico Alterno



&GFDUPNBSJQPTB 3FHSFTJPOFTZ%POOJF%BSLPDPOTUSVZFOVOBUFNQPSBMJEBEEJTUJOUBB
MBEFPUSPTMNFT QPSFMMPTFBQMJDMBUFPSBSJDVSJBOB EPOEFFTQPTJCMF BQPZOEPTF
FO #FUUFUJOJ  BDPQMBS VOB FTUSVDUVSB RVF FYQMJDB MB GPSNB FO MB RVF TF HFOFSB VOB
FTUSVDUVSBUFNQPSBMBMUFSOB
i-BMHJDBEFMSFMBUPPEFMBTVDFTJOFOMBDVFMBTFBSUJDVMBMBQSFTFOUBDJOEF
MBTDPTBTu #FUUFUJOJ
&TUPFTCTJDBNFOUFMBGPSNBFOMBRVFTFFTUSVDUVSBVO
PSEFOUFNQPSBM
i-BMHJDBEFMBTDPTBTPMBMHJDBEFMNVOEPSFQSFTFOUBEPu #FUUFUJOJ
"
MPRVF#FUUFUJOJTFSFFSFFOFTUFUJQPEFMHJDBTFSQSJODJQBMNFOUFBMQSJODJQJP
EFWFSPTJNJMJUVEEFMMNF-BEJFHTJTQSPQVFTUBQPS#FUUFUJOJOPTMPTFSFFSF
BMPTPCKFUPTTJOPBMBTUFNQPSBMJEBEFTRVFTUPTSFQSFTFOUBOZBMEJTDVSTPRVF
FTUJONFSTPFOFMMPTQBSBMBOBMJEBEEFMMNF1PSFKFNQMPi6OPCKFUPZVOB
EJNFOTJOUFNQPSBMQVFEFOTFSWFSPTNJMFTFOVOMNFQPMJDJBMZOPTFSMPEFM
NJTNPNPEPFOVOBADPNFEJBu #FUUFUJOJ

-B QSPCMFNUJDB TF DFOUSBS FO MB GPSNB FO MB RVF FM UJFNQP IJTUSJDP Z FM UJFNQP
IJTUSJDP BMUFSOP TF DPODSFUJ[BO QBSB HFOFSBS VO UJFNQP PCKFUJWP SNF %JDIB
DPODSFUJ[BDJOTFEBSHSBDJBTBMPTQSTUBNPTRVFDBEBVOPEFMPTNPEPTOBSSBUJWPTTF
IBSOSFDQSPDBNFOUF NJTNPTRVFFTUOSFQSFTFOUBEPTQPSMPTEFTDFOTPTZBTDFOTPT
FOMBTMOFBTOBSSBUJWPUFNQPSBMFT0&Z0&-BOJDBNBOFSBFOMBRVFMBIJTUPSJB
SFTQPOEFBMPTQSPCMFNBTRVFTFHFOFSBOBMUSBUBSEFFTUVEJBSMBGFOPNFOPMPHBEFM
UJFNQP FO MB OBSSBDJO DPOTJTUF FO MB FMBCPSBDJO EF VO UFSDFS UJFNQP TUF TFS FM
NFEJBEPSFOUSFFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPZFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPBMUFSOPRVF3JDVSZ%FMFV[F
&OFMDPODFQUPJNBHFOUJFNQP



&T JOEJTQFOTBCMF TFS DPOTDJFOUFT EF MB JNQPSUBODJB RVF UJFOF MB NFNPSJB EFM

MFDUPS ZBRVFQBSBM MBNFNPSJBEFCFNBOUFOFSTFFOFMUJFNQPZQSPDVSBSOPRVFEBS


WPMUJM EFOUSP EF VO TJOGO EF JNHFOFT DPOTUSVJEBT -B NFNPSJB  DPNP NFODJPOB
#FUUFUJOJ EFCFJOUFHSBSTFBMBIJTUPSJBFOGPSNBEFDSPOPMPHBPTVDFTJO MBOBMJEBE
FTRVFTFBDPPQFSBUJWBFOMBDPOTUSVDDJOEFVOBEJFHTJTUFNQPSBM EFMQBTBEPIBDJB
VOGVUVSP
-BDPODFQDJOEFMBNFNPSJBTFSFKFDFOUSBMQBSBFOUFOEFSMBDPOTUSVDDJO
EFUJFNQPTDPOTBMUPTUFNQPSBMFTFOTVOBSSBDJO



%FKBOEPDMBSBTMBTBQPSBTRVFTFHFOFSBOFOFMUJQPEFDPOTUSVDDJOGMNJDBDPO

TBMUPTUFNQPSBMFT MBJOWFTUJHBDJOBQMJDDBEBVOPEFMBTUFNQPSBMJEBEFTQSPQVFTUBT
BMNBDSPSSFMBUPEFMBTUSFTQFMDVMBTBOBMJ[BEBT1PSFMNPNFOUP TMPTFNPTUSBSMB
DPOTUSVDDJOUFNQPSBMEFVOBTFDVFODJB BTDPNPMBFTRVFNBUJ[BDJOEFMBFTUSVDUVSB
UFNQPSBMZOBSSBUJWBEFMBQFMDVMB&GFDUPNBSJQPTB EJSJHJEBQPS&SJD#SFTT


$POTUSVDDJOEFMUJFNQPEFMBMFDUVSBMBTFDVFODJBDPNJFO[BFOFMNPNFOUPFORVF

&WBO FOFMQBUJPEFMBDSDFMFORVFFTUSFDMVJEP JOUFOUBQFSTVBEJSBVOGBOUJDPDBUMJDP


EFTVDBQBDJEBEEFIBCMBSDPO%JPT BTFMQSPUBHPOJTUBMPHSBSBSFDVQFSBSMPTEJBSJPT
RVFMFEBOMBDBQBDJEBEEFUSBOTQPSUBSTFFOFMUJFNQP&MGBOUJDPMPHSBTFSDPOWFODJEP
EFBDFQUBSMBQSVFCBEF%POOJF ZTFEJSJHFOBMBDFMEBEPOEFUJFOFOTFDVFTUSBEPTTVTEJB
SJPT&WBOUPNBVOPEFMPTEJBSJPTZMFFVOUFYUPRVFIBDFSFGFSFODJBBVONPNFOUPEF
TVOJF[FOFMLJOEFS FMQSPUBHPOJTUBMPHSBUSBTQPSUBSTFFOFMUJFNQPBFTFNPNFOUPZB
FOFMLJOEFS DMBWBTVTNBOPTFOVOBTFTUBDBT ZFOFTFJOTUBOUFSFHSFTBBMBDFMEBEPOEF
MPHSBDPOWFODFSBMSFPDBUMJDPEFRVFMBTDJDBUSJDFTFOTVTNBOPTTPOFTUJHNBTEFFTUB
NBOFSBFMSFPBZVEBB&WBOBSFUFOFSBMPTQSFTPTFOGVSFDJEPTRVFUSBUBOEFFOUSBSBMB
DFMEB QBSB JNQFEJS RVF &WBO SFDVQFSF TVT EJBSJPT &WBO SFDVQFSB VO EJBSJP RVF MP
HSBIBDFSRVFTFUSBTQPSUFEFOVFWPFOFMUJFNQPOBMJ[BMBTFDVFODJB


$POTUSVDDJOEFMUJFNQPPCKFUJWPDPNJFO[BTVDPOTUSVDDJOEFOUSPEFMUJFNQP

IJTUSJDPFOMBTFDVFODJBFORVF&WBOUSBUBEFDPOWFODFSBMDBUMJDPEFTVQPEFSQBSB
IBCMBS DPO %JPT MB TFDVFODJB DPOUJOB EFTEF FM QBUJP EFM MB DSDFM IBDJB VOB EF MBT
DFMEBTEPOEFTFFODPOUSBCBTFDVFTUSBEPVOPEFTVTEJBSJPT"MNPNFOUPFORVF&WBO
MFFTVEJBSJP TFDSFBVOEFTEPCMBNJFOUPEFMBIJTUPSJBBMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPBMUFSOPEF
SFHSFTPBMEBFORVFSFBMJ[FMEJCVKP ZBFTQFDJDBEPBOUFSJPSNFOUF
&WBODMBWBTVT
NBOPT FO EPT FTUBDBT Z EJSFDUBNFOUF SFHSFTB BM UJFNQP IJTUSJDP  B MB DFMEB EPOEF
BIPSB FM DBUMJDP FOUJFOEF FTBT DJDBUSJDFT DPNP FTUJHNBT Z MP BZVEB B EFUFOFS B MPT
SFPTRVFJOUFOUBCBOFOUSBSBMBDFMEBFOMBRVFTFFODPOUSBCBO-BTFDVFODJBOBMJ[B
DVBOEP&WBOMFFTVEJBSJPRVFMPUSBTQPSUB TFEBVOOVFWPEFTEPCMBNJFOUPEFUJFNQP
IJTUSJDP
BMEBFORVF5PNNZNBUBBTVQFSSP


$POTUSVDDJOEFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPTFEBBMNPNFOUPFORVFFOFMQBUJPEFMB

DSDFM&WBOJOUFOUBQFSTVBEJSBVODBUMJDPEFTVQPEFSEFIBCMBSDPO%JPTFTUPMPT
MMFWBBMBDFMEBEPOEFTFFODVFOUSBOMPTEJBSJPTEF&WBOZFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPUJFOFVO
EFTEPCMBNJFOUPBTVOJF[&OSFHSFTPBMUJFNQPIJTUSJDP &WBOUJFOFEPTDJDBUSJDFT



FO TVT NBOPT IFDIBT QPS M NJTNP FO FM UJFNQP IJTUSJDP BMUFSOP
 RVF FM DBUMJDP
JOUFSQSFUBDPNPFTUJHNBT&WBOMFFTVEJBSJPOVFWBNFOUFZTFEBMBSVQUVSBEFMUJFNQP
IJTUSJDPEFMBTFDVFODJB


5JFNQPIJTUSJDPBMUFSOPTUBTFDPOTUSVZFBQBSUJSEFMQSJNFSEFTEPCMBNJFOUP

EFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPFOMBTFDVFODJBEJDIPEFTEPCMBNJFOUPMMFWBB&WBOBTVOJF[ 
EPOEFDMBWBVOBTFTUBDBTFOTVTNBOPTFOFTFJOTUBOUFSFHSFTBBMUJFNQPIJTUSJDP
&GFDUPNBSJQPTB

#VUUFSZ&FDU



1BSB UPEPT BRVFMMPT MFDUPSFT RVF BQSFDJBSPO FTUB TFDVFODJB  FYJTUF VOB EJDVMUBE EF
MFDUVSB DPO SFMBDJO B MBT EPT UFNQPSBMJEBEFT DPOUFOJEBT FO FM UJFNQP PCKFUJWP  ZB
RVFMPTPCKFUPTRVFMPHSBOIBDFSRVF&WBOTFUSBOTQPSUFFOFMUJFNQPTPOTVTEJBSJPT
.JFOUSBTMIBDFMPQPTJCMFQPSDPOWFODFSBMDBUMJDPEFTVQPEFSEFIBCMBSDPO%JPT 
UPNB TV EJBSJP Z MFF VOB NFNPSJB EF TV OJF[ EPOEF FM EJCVKBCB FO FM LJOEFS BT
RVFMPHSBUSBOTQPSUBSTFBFTFNPNFOUP-BFTUSVDUVSBEFQSTUBNP EPOEFMBNFNPSJB
EFMMFDUPSFTJOEJTQFOTBCMF FOUSFMBFTUSVDUVSBEFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPZUJFNQPIJTUSJDP
BMUFSOPTFSPNQF ZBRVF&WBODPNFO[BFTDSJCJSTVEJBSJPQPTUFSJPSNFOUFBMEBFO
RVFSFBMJ[FMEJCVKP"TRVFMBEJDVMUBEBMMFFSMBIJTUPSJBFTNTHSBOEF QPSRVFFOFM
QMBOPEFMUJFNQPPCKFUJWPFTUFCMBDLPVUUSBUBEFTFSDVCJFSUPDPOVOQMBOPFORVF&WBO
ZBIBCBFTDSJUPFTFTVDFTPSPNQJFOEPDPOFMPSEFOMHJDPEFMPTFWFOUPT


&TUF UJQP EF CMBDLPVUT TPO DPOTUBOUFT FO EJTUJOUPT NPNFOUPT OBSSBUJWPT HFOF

SBEPTQPSFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPZFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPBMUFSOP FOMBTTFDVFODJBTEFMBTUSFT
QFMDVMBTBOBMJ[BEBT-PRVFMMFWBBMBTTJHVJFOUFTDPODMVTJPOFTBDFSDBEFMBDPOTUSVDDJO
UFNQPSBM


#BTOEPTFFOMBTUFPSBTRVFTFNBOFKBSPOBMPMBSHPEFMBJOWFTUJHBDJO FTQPTJ

CMF PCTFSWBS RVF FGFDUJWBNFOUF FYJTUFO DVBUSP UFNQPSBMJEBEFT EFOUSP EF MPT MNFT
JOEFQFOEJFOUFT OPSUFBNFSJDBOPT DPO TBMUPT UFNQPSBMFT FTUVEJBEPT %JDIBT UFNQP
SBMJEBEFT DPSSFTQPOEFOBM UJFNQP EF MB MFDUVSB  UJFNQP PCKFUJWP  UJFNQP IJTUSJDPZ
UJFNQPIJTUSJDPBMUFSOPFOVOBNBDSPFTUSVDUVSB ZBEFNTFOFTUSVDUVSBTEFOUSPEF
MBTTFDVFODJBTPNJDSPFTUSVDUVSBT

&M BQMJDBS MPT DVBUSP NPEFMPT FTUSVDUVSBMFT EFM UJFNQP QFSNJUJ PCTFSWBS MB

NBOFSBFOMBRVFVOMNFDPOTBMUPTUFNQPSBMFTTFDPOTUSVZF MPRVFMMFWB


0CTFSWBSRVFMBDPOTUSVDDJOEFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPZFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPBM

UFSOPEFOUSPEFMPTMNFTTFJOUFHSBOBMBIJTUPSJBDPNPVOBGPSNBDSPOPMHJDBRVF
DPPQFSBFOVOBTVDFTJOEFFWFOUPTEFQBTBEPQSFTFOUFZGVUVSP QFSPRVFUBNCJOTF
DPOTUSVZFOMBTEPTUFNQPSBMJEBEFTEFGPSNBJOEFQFOEJFOUF


0CTFSWBSMPTQPTJCMFTFSSPSFTFOMBDPOTUSVDDJOEFMUJFNQPPCKFUJWPRVFQVFEF

SFFKBSTFFOFMUJFNQPEFMBMFDUVSB


0CTFSWBSRVFMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFFSSPSFTNTBNQMJBTJOPDPOUFNQMBBTQFDUPT

UBMFTDPNPMBNFNPSJBEFMMFDUPSFOMPTEFTEPCMBNJFOUPTFOUSFFMUJFNQPIJTUSJDPZ
UJFNQPIJTUSJDPBMUFSOP



1PSMPUBOUP MBTBDUVBMFTGPSNBTEFOBSSBDJOTFFOGSFOUBOBVOBOVFWBGPSNB

EF FTUSVDUVSBDJO RVF SFRVJFSFO BUFODJO FO MB GPSNB FO RVF TF DPOTUJUVZFO FO VO
QMBOPEFMDPOUFOJEPQBSBOPBGFDUBSMPRVFFMMFDUPSMMFHVFBQFSDJCJSFOFMQMBOPEFMB
FYQSFTJOPEFMBWJTJO

#JCMJPHSBGB
#FUUFUJOJ (JBOGSBODP 
5JFNQPEFMBFYQSFTJODJOFNBUPHSDBMBMHJDBUFNQPSBM
EFMPTUFTUBVEJPWJTVBMFT.YJDP'POEPEF$VMUVSB&DPONJDB
$PTUB "OUPOJP 
4BCFSWFSFMDJOF#BSDFMPOB1BJET
%FMFV[F (JMMFT 
-BJNBHFOUJFNQP#BSDFMPOB1BJEPT
&DP 6NCFSUP 
-FDUPS*O'BCVMB#BSDFMPOB-VNFO
&JTFOTJUFJO 4FSHFJ 
&M4FOUJEPEFMDJOF.YJDP4JHMP
(BVESFBVMU "OES-BTBWFOUVSBTEFVODPODFQUPMBOBSSBUJWJEBE&O$ISJTUJBO.FU[Z
MBUFPSBEFMDJOF $PMPRVJPEF$FSJTZ
.BSJOJFMMP 4JMWFTUSB1JFS1BPMP1BTPMJOJ$UFESB4JHOPFJNBHFO
3JDVS 1BVM 
5JFNQPZOBSSBDJO ***.YJDP%'4JHMP
 
5JFNQPZOBSSBDJO.YJDP4JHMP



$"156-0&-4&/5*%0&/-"130%6$$*/
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-BGPUPHSBGBDPNPNFOTBKFZTJHOJDBDJO
(BCSJFM7BSHBT7BSFMB

-BGPUPHSBGBTFEFEVDFDPNPVOBDFSDBNJFOUPBMPSFBM QFSPBMIBCMBSEFMBJNBHFO
GPUPHSDBTFIBDFNTQSFDJTBFTUBSFMBDJOZTFIBCMBEFSFQSFTFOUBDJOEFMBSFBMJEBE
-B GPUPHSBGB FT QSPEVDUP EF VO DPOUFYUP ZP TJUVBDJO DPNVOJDBUJWB  FT NFOTBKF Z
MMFWBJOUFODJOTJHOJDBUJWBEFRVJFOMBQSPEVDFZQPSRVJFOFTMBDPOUFNQMBO-PDJFSUP
FTRVFQPSBOBMPHBPQPSDPOWFODJOFTFWJEFOUFRVFUPEBJNBHFOZ TPCSFUPEPMB
GPUPHSDBFTDPNVOJDBDJO FTNFOTBKFQPSUBEPSBEFJOGPSNBDJOZTJHOJDBDJO"M
JHVBMRVFFMBKFESF[ZMBHSBNUJDB MBGPUPHSBGBDVFOUBDPOFMFNFOUPTDPOTUJUVUJWPTRVF
OPTQFSNJUFOKVHBSZDPOTUSVJSNFOTBKFT&MUSBCBKPQSFTFOUBVONPEFMPQBSBMBMFDUVSB
ZFMBOMJTJTEFFTPTFMFNFOUPTDPOTUJUVUJWPTEFMBJNBHFOGPUPHSDBBOMPHB


La fotografa es comunicacin, generacin de signicado, es acto de semiosis.

Entendemos por signicado la conciencia de estmulos externos con conceptos internos,


es decir, la signicacin es la evocacin de imgenes mentales construidas por la percepcin expuesta de los sentidos ante todo tipo de fenmenos, la reactivacin de la
enciclopedia cognoscitiva del receptor, decodicador, lector del mensaje-estmulo.


"T  QBSB RVF MB DPNVOJDBDJO PDVSSB  Z MB QFSTPOB B RVJFO EJSJKP FM NFOTBKF

WJTVBM GPUPHSDP DPNQSFOEB MP RVF TJHOJDB FM NFOTBKF  IB TJEP OFDFTBSJP DSFBS FM
NFOTBKFDPOTJHOPT&TUFNFOTBKFMFFTUJNVMBSBDSFBSQBSBTNJTNPVOTJHOJDBEP
RVF SFMBDJPOBS EF BMHVOB NBOFSB DPO FM TJHOJDBEP RVF MB JNBHFO GPUPHSDB MF
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permite una medida comparativa de la iconicidad de las formas, de valor estadstico y


cultural en un grupo social dado.
La escala de iconicidad se basa en la semejanza entre una imagen y su referente.
Es una convencin construida para representar mediante una serie, de mayor a menor,
los diferentes tipos de imgenes de acuerdo a su nivel o grado de iconicidad. Cada
grado decreciente supone que la imagen pierde alguna propiedad sensible de la que
depende la citada iconicidad.

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desciframos el mundo que nos rodea.
rPor la codicacin retrica, que es una tcnica de representacin naturalista de
escenas, y cuyos signos son morfemas, gestemas, la expresin, las asociaciones
de ideas (culturemas). La codicacin retrica protagoniza la lectura connotativa.
rPor el cdigo: lenguaje fotogrco, que ser asumido por la actitud creativa e investigadora, y visualizado por los signos especcamente fotogrcos.
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El modelo explica los procesos de lectura de las imgenes fotogrcas a partir de la


pregnancia5 semntica. Este modelo dene el resultado del proceso de lectura de una imagen
como una macroestructura semntica. La construccin de esta macroestructura est regida por
el principio de bsqueda de una gestalt proposicional6 que suponga, para el receptor-lector,
la cantidad de informacin ms reducida al identicar la funcin icnica dominante que
permitan las condiciones dadas. As, en el proceso de lectura, el clculo sobre la cantidad de
informacin determina el sentido de dicha informacin. Es decir, toda expresin lingstica
sugiere, evoca, y aunque raras veces dena en totalidad lo mencionado, resulta que una
expresin lgica o gramaticalmente incompleta a menudo basta para la comprensin; o, dicho
de otro modo, con la expresin verbal de una parte de lo mencionado, de la proposicin,
suscitamos una evocacin suciente y viceversa: la evocacin incompleta de una expresin
puede bastar para entenderla.7


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EFOPUBDJO QFSPOJOHVOBJNBHFOBSUTUJDBQVFEFSFQSFTFOUBSDVBMRVJFSPUSBFOUBOUP
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QPSMPUBOUP NJQSFTFOUFOPFTTJOPZBVOGVUVSPFOBDDJOEFFTBTIVFMMBTQBTBEBT"T 
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4BCFS QPEFS TFS$POTUFMBDJPOFTFNQSJDBTRVFTFQVFEFOBSUJDVMBSQBSBFOUFO

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QSPEVDDJOEFTFOUJEP EFFYJTUFODJB EFTFS/PTMPFTP TJOPRVFBEFNT FTUBQPDB
FTMBRVFQBSFDFFTUBSNTDPODFOUSBEBFOQPEFSEFTDPOTUSVJSDVBMRVJFSUSVJTNP&M
TBCFSQPTNPEFSOPOPTIBMBO[BEPBVODVFTUJPOBNJFOUPBMBWF[QVOUVBMZHMPCBMEFM
QPEFS ZQPSMPUBOUPEFMPRVFTPNPTDPNPFOUFT-BVOJWFSTJEBEFTMBJOTUJUVDJORVF
NTIBDPOUSJCVJEPFOMPTMUJNPTDJFOBPTBQSPEVDJSFTUBGSBHJMJEBEFTUSVDUVSBMFO
SFMBDJOBMTBCFSBDUVBM&OFTFTFOUJEP FOUPODFT yQPEFNPTEFDJSRVFFTUBNPTNFKPS
PQFPSRVFBOUFT 6OBJOUFSQSFUBDJOQPTJCMFTFSBMBTJHVJFOUFMBWJWFODJBEFMTBCFSFO
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TFTBCBNFOPTQFSPTFUFOBNTDSFFODJB)PZ TBCFNPTNTQFSPOPFTUBNPTNFKPSQPS
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FMQBTPEFMUJFNQPOPJOUFSWJFOFBRV QVFTFOMBEJSFDDJOEFFTUBDPOTUSVDDJO RVFOP
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MBDPNVOJDBNPT-BSFBMJEBE DPNPDPOTUSVDDJODPNVOJDBUJWB QBEFDFEFMBGBMUBEF
UJFNQP%FMQBTPEFMUJFNQP"T TFFOGSFOUBONVOEPZSFBMJEBE&MQSJNFSP FOUBOUP
DSFBDJOMJOHTUJDBFTDBNCJBOUFDPOFMQBTPEFMUJFNQPMBTFHVOEB DPOTUSVJEBQPSMB
JOTUBOUBOFJEBEEFMQPEFSEFMBDPNVOJDBDJO TVQSJNFFMUJFNQP FTUBOEPQSFTFOUFFO
FMQSPQJPBDUPEFTVDPNVOJDBDJO


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FOGSFOUBSFMUJFNQPDPOFMOPUJFNQP1FSP yZTJQFOTBNPTFTUFQSPCMFNBFOFMDPOUFYUP
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1BSB4MBWPK;J[FL FMDJCFSFTQBDJPFTVOGFONFOPRVFWBDBFMSFHJTUSPEFMPTJN

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EF MB CSFDIB FTUSVDUVSBM DPOTUJUVUJWB EFM TVKFUP EFM EFTFP  TVSBEJDBMJ[BDJO TJHOJDB
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QSPEVDUJWBGSFOUFBMBSFQFUJDJOSFQSPEVDUJWBEFJOOJUPTPCKFUPTNBUFSJBMJ[BEPTFOFM
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1BSBM MBDPNVOJDBDJOFTSFWFSTJCJMJEBE SFDJQSPDJEBE BOUBHPOJTNP ZMPTNFEJPTEF
DPNVOJDBDJOEFNBTBFMJNJOBOFTFFODVFOUSPEFMBQBMBCSBFOFMKVFHPIVNBOPEFMB
JODFSUJEVNCSF5PEPFTUTPNFUJEPBMTJNVMBDSPEFMBSFBMJEBE-BUSBOTQBSFODJBBC
TPMVUBTFBQPEFSBEFMTFOUJEPZMPTPNFUFBTVTEFTJHOJPTFMQPEFSEFMTJNVMBDSPFMJNJOB
DVBMRVJFS QPTJCJMJEBE EF MFOHVBKF Z EF DPNVOJDBDJO BVUOUJDBT &TUBNPT QFPS RVF
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VOTJNQMFUSP[PEFQBQFMEBEPBMBQFSDFQDJONFSBNFOUFWJTVBM&MTFHVOEPFT QPS
FKFNQMP WFSBIPSBMBJNBHFOEFVOBQFSTPOBFOFTBNJTNBGPUPHSBGB QVFTWFSVOBGPUP
DPNPGPUP OPDPNPQBQFM FTWFSMPRVFFMMBSFQSFTFOUB FTUPFT JNBHFOFOUJOEBTF FT
DBQUBSMBJNBHFOEFMBQFSTPOBRVFOPFTUBOUFOPTPUSPTFOQFSTPOB QFSPRVFMBGP
UPHSBGB SFQSFTFOUB &M UFSDFSP FT  QPS FKFNQMP  TJ MP RVF DPOUFNQMP FO FTB GPUP FT MB
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TJHOJUJWB DVZPPCKFUP MBGPUPEF.BSY
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EFMBJEFPMPHBTPDJBM QPMUJDBZFDPONJDBEFMTPDJBMJTNP"OUFVOBNJTNBGPUP NJ
BDUJUVEFTEJTUJOUBNPEJDOEPTFFMTFOUJEPEFMBDUPPWJWFODJBJOUFODJPOBMFOTVDBSDUFS
JOUFODJPOBMEFBDUP QVFTFMDPHJUBUVNVPCKFUPJOUFODJPOBM DJFSUBNFOUF FTEJTUJOUPFO
DBEBDBTPFKFNQMJDBEPFOMBQSFTFOUFTJTUFNBUJ[BDJOEJTDVSTJWB


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IB FYJTUJEP MB DPOGVTJO FO MB EJTUJODJO FOUSF VOB QFSDFQDJOQVSBNFOUF TFOTJCMF Z
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MBTNPEJDBDJPOFTSFQSPEVDUJWBT:FTRVFQBSB)VTTFSMIBZEPTUJQPTEFJNHFOFTMBT
GTJDBTPMBJNBHFOPCKFUPZMBTNFOUBMFT-BTQSJNFSBTTFEBOEFNPEPQFSDFQUJWP GPUP 
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JNBHJOBUJWB OP TMP TF BQPZB FO MBT JNHFOFT GTJDBT  TJOP UBNCJO FO MBT JNHFOFT
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EFEJDIPTBDUPT%FCFNPTSFDPSEBSBMSFTQFDUPRVFFMDPOUFOJEPJOHSFEJFOUFEFVOB
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DBSFDFOEFDPOUFOJEPTSFQSFTFOUBOUFTBMTFSOPJOUVJUJWPTPWBDPT7FBNPT


4JWFPFTDSJUBMBQBMBCSBDBTUFMMBOBiMFOu TFMMFWBBDBCPVOBDUPTJHOJUJWPFOFM

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NBSRVFFTBTNBODIBTOFHSBTTPCSFQBQFMCMBODPTPOFMSFQSFTFOUBOUFTFOTJCMFEFMBDUP
BMRVFNFSFFSPBVOMFO-PRVFTTFQVFEFBSNBSFTRVFFMBDUPTJHOJUJWPOPUJFOF
SFQSFTFOUBOUFTTFOTJCMFT TJOPRVFMPTSFQSFTFOUBOUFTMPTPOEFMPCKFUPJOUVJUJWPRVFMB
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MFUSBTDPNPPCKFUPTQFSDFQUJWPTZOPEFMBDUPBMRVFNFSFFSPBMMFO PCKFUPNFOUBEP

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MBNBUFSJBZMBDVBMJEBE%FMBFTFODJBJOUFODJPOBMEFMBDUPTFFYDMVZFOMPTDPOUFOJEPT
SFQSFTFOUBOUFT ZEFBIEFEVDJNPTRVFIBZBDUPTTJOFTPTDPOUFOJEPTMPTTJHOJUJWPT


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TFB MPJNQPSUBOUFFTIBCMBSEFMBDPOTUJUVDJOEFMFTQBDJPRVFUJFOFRVFWFSEFNBOFSB
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TFOUJEP FMDVFSQPFTFMiQVOUPDFSPuQPSMBDVBMTFEBEJDIBPSJFOUBDJOZVOBFTQBDJBMJEBE
QSPQJBEFMDVFSQP"QBSUJSEFNJDVFSQPZEFMBQFSDFQDJORVFUFOHPEFM FTDPNP
TFQVFEFIBCMBSEFMBDPOTUJUVDJOEFMNVOEPDJSDVOEBOUFZFMNVOEPFOHFOFSBM"T
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PUSPMBEP DPNPIFNPTWJTUPFO)VTTFSM FMDVFSQPFTJNQPSUBOUFQBSBFMDPOPDJNJFOUP
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Press.
Magarios, Juan. Gua elemental para un proyecto de investigacin en Manual de
estudios semiticos. En lnea 15/01/2007 XXXBSDIJWPTFNJPUJDBDPN
Mariniello, Silvestra. Llectricit la puissance del artice. Protocolo de investigacin. Quebec, Universidad de Montreal, 2006.
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#JCMJPHSBGB
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43, El sueo de la razn produce
monstruos, 1793-96,
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#JCMJPHSBGB
Abril G (2004) So much trouble: notas sobre la msica popular y el contexto meditico
contemporneo [En lnea, diciembre 2006] Artculo disponible en IUUQXXXVDN
FTFQSJOUTHPO[BMP@FTQBIUN
Lpez Cano (2006) Semitica, Semitica de la msica y semitica cognitivoenactica: notas para el manual de usuario en pgina del autor. [en lnea noviembre
2006] Disponible en:
IUUQXXXHFPDJUJFTDPNMPQF[DBOP"SUJDVMPT4FNJPUJDB@.VTJDBQEG



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Simonett H. (2004) En Sinaloa nac. Historia de la msica de banda. MazatlnAsociacin de Gestores del Patrimonio Histrico y Cultural.



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