TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages
I. TITLE PAGE

II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

III. INTRODUCTION

IV. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

V. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

VI. GLOSSARY

VII. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. LOCAL

11

B. FOREIGN

28

VIII. SUMMARY

48

IX. CONCLUSION

50

X. RECOMMENDATION

52

XI. BIBLIOGRAPHY

54

XII. FLYLEAF

57

Tondo High School

Manila

Research Paper
On the study of the Effects
Of Facebook On Students

By:
Ronalou P. Paculan
IV-Bravery
SY.2012-2013

Mrs. Lourdes Mamaril

II. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A research paper like this is never the work of anyone alone. The
contributions of many different people, in their different ways, have made this
possible. I would like to extend my appreciation especially to the following:
Thank God for the wisdom and perseverance that he has been bestowed upon
me during this research project, and indeed, throughout my life: "I can do everything
through him who give me strength." (Philippians 4: 13)
Mrs. Mamaril, for making this research possible. Her support, guidance,
advice throughout the research project, are greatly appreciated. Thanks Ma'am!
Of course, to my friends and classmates for their endless friendship and
encouragement. You guys are the best, thanks you!
Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents for their unconditional
support, both financially and emotionally throughout my high school career. In
particular, their patience and understanding shown by my mother, father and brothers
is greatly appreciated. I know, at times, my temper is particularly trying.

III. INTRODUCTION

Social networking sites, most notably Facebook have become so popular

today that they are leading words on the lips of every students. You love to spend
most of your time checking your Fcebook updates, but do you know that there are
many negative effects of using Facebook?

Most of the students dont realize the negative effects impacts of Facebook on
their life. And, the main reason is because they are already addicted to it. And, this
addiction can lead to several negative developments.

The main purpose of this paper is to suggest some ways of minimizing the bad
impacts of Facebook to students and to show you the negative effects of this social
networking sites on students behavior and performance. This research also focused
on finding ways to enhance students motivation and improve their achievements, yet
without looking closely at the sources for their demotivation or academic failures.

IV.BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Facebook is a social networking service launched in February 2004, owned

and operated by Facebook, Inc. As of September 2012, Facebook has over one billion
active users, more than half of them using Facebook on a mobile device. Users must
register before using the site, after which they may create a personal profile, add other
users as friends, and exchange messages, including automatic notifications when they
update their profile.

Additionally, users may join common-interest user groups, organized by

workplace, school or college, or other characteristics, and categorize their friends into
lists such as "People From Work" or "Close Friends".

Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg with his college roommates and
fellow Harvard University students Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin
Moskovitz and Chris Hughes. The website's membership was initially limited by the
founders to Harvard students, but was expanded to other colleges in the Boston area,
the Ivy League, and Stanford University. It gradually added support for students at

various other universities before opening to high school students, and eventually to
anyone aged 13 and over.

In May 2005, Accel partners invested $12.7 million in Facebook, and Jim
Breyer added $1 million of his own money to the pot.

According to a May 2011 Consumer Reports survey, there are 7.5 million
children under 13 with accounts and 5 million under 10, violating the site's terms of
service.

Facebook is beneficial to one's social life because they can continuously stay
in contact with their friends and relatives, while others say that it can cause increased
antisocial tendencies because people are not directly communicating with each other.
But some argue that Facebook has affected the social life and activity of people in
various ways. With its availability on many mobile devices, Facebook allows users to
continuously stay in touch with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever
they are in the world, as long as there is access to the Internet. It can also unite people
with common interests and/or beliefs through groups and other pages, and has been
known to reunite lost family members and friends because of the widespread reach of
its network.

Facebook also continues to prompt debate about users behaviors. The effects of
online activities on themselves and their interactions with others have been discussed
extensively. In particular, students are a main class of Facebook users who spend long
hours on the social network, which has worried parents and educational authorities
about their academic performance. The students themselves argue that their presence
on Facebook, as a leisure activity, does not hinder their academic efforts, though
some evidence suggests that their grades decline after they join Facebook.

V. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The questions and debates about Facebook usage seem ubiquitous today. Why
do people need a website to socialize? Is Facebook an efficient social capitalization
tool?

Is the use of Facebook beneficial for students, or does it simply distract them?
Are there negative impacts of the Facebook on students' behavior and performance?
What's with Facebook, why are some of the students are getting addicted to it? What's
the effect of this social networking site on their grades?

What does Facebook bring to the lives of the the students? Why are the
students easily hooked to Facebook? How does Facebook affect the life of a student?

What are the pitfalls, sudents should avoid on Facebook? Is there a possible
way for the students to minimize their time on Facebook?

VI. GLOSSARY

Acquaintances - A person whom one knows but who is not a particularly close friend.
Cognitive - Based on or capable of being reduced to empirical factual knowledge.
Collaboration - To work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual
endeavor.
Consensual Existing or made by mutual consent without an act of writing.
Correlate Either of two things so related that one directly implies or is complementary
to the other.
Cramming - To prepare hastily for an examination.
Cravings - An intense, urgent, or abnormal desire or longing.
Demography - The statistical study of human populations especially with reference to
size and density, distribution, and vital statistics.
Dumbfounded - To confound briefly and usually with astonishment.
Exclusion - The act or an instance of excluding.
Flourish - To be in a state of activity or production.
G.P.A. - Grade Point Average
Gregarious - Tending to associate with others of one's kind.
Immersion - The act of immersing or the state of being immersed.
Inconclusive - Leading to no conclusion or definite result.
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Innocuous - Not likely to give offense or to arouse strong feelings or hostility.

Intermittently - Coming and going at intervals or not continuous.
Intrusive - Intruding where one is not welcome or invited.
Invades - To enter for conquest or plunder.
Manifest - Readily perceived by the senses and especially by the sense of sight
Mingle - To bring or mix together or with something else usually without fundamental
loss of identity.
Miscarriage - Corrupt or incompetent management
Obesity - A condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in
the body.
Procrastination - To put off intentionally the doing of something that should be done.
Rampant - Rearing upon the hind legs with forelegs extended
Self-esteem - A confidence and satisfaction in oneself
Skirmishes - A minor fight in war usually incidental to larger movements
Vain Marked by futility or ineffectualness
Vicious - Having the nature or quality of vice or immorality

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VII. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Local Literature

Social networking sites let individuals to present themselves, and begin or

keep connections with others. The extremely popular social network site for students in
different levels, Facebook, has already printed a big impact on their lives. The site can be
used towards work-related contexts, romantic relationship commencement and
connecting those with shared interests. Members may use the site to mingle with people
they already know offline or to find new friends. Facebook permits its users to present
themselves in an Internet profile, build up "friends" who can post comments on each
other's walls, and view each other's page.
Facebook associates can also join groups based on common interests, see what
things they have in common, and learn each others' hobbies, interests, favorite music, and
romantic relationship status through their pages.
But what are behind these facts? What does Facebook bring to the lives of the
members especially to the students? How does Facebook affect the life of a student?
According to studies, Facebook has an impact to students. Some students are
using it for educational purposes. Students would like to do some online collaboration
with classmates. It is said that Usfng Facebook boosts students self-esteem even more.
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They would feel belongingness in the community compared to those who do not have
accounts. It also provides news on what are happening in the real world and even in their
school campuses. On the other hand, negative effects flourish. It was found that social
networking sites has formed a new kind of addiction which we called the "social media
addiction" and it is quite true in using Facebook. Are you addicted to Facebook? Some
would say "yes" and some would say "no". It depends on the level of cravings. But in the
recent study, it was found that a lot of students are by now addicted to it, to the extent that
their school performance is affected.
"Children who spend much of their time online find it harder to focus in class and
have short attention span " researchers found through the samples that 7 out of 10
teachers believed that their students are becoming obsessed with social media sites such
as Facebook. Their students tend to study while using Facebook and it shows that they
got 20% lower grades. Facebook-using students even perform task (projects or
assignments) without completion for the reason that they spend more time scrolling down
on their newsfeed to see updates about their friends and look up for their notifications
rather than finishing their school tasks. Aside that Facebook affects students academic
performance; it also has an effect on students emotional health. Yes, students feel
connected to others but study shows that they manifest depression through seeing their
status updates. Some would utilize the site to express what they feel towards their enemy
in school or even outside the campus. They would blurt out through posting status that
would target their opponent just to hurt their feelings.
With the rampant use of all the social networking sites, students are coming loose
to the real associates. Facebook chats and posts would make them busy nowadays. They
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may be connected to many people but they somehow disconnect with the important
aspects of their lives and one of those is education. The belief of meeting people face to
face seems very odd. Students prefer to send and receive instant messages or post
messages through Facebook.
Many other elements could be the reason for the inattention in studies of students.
But somehow social networks like Facebook have a negative impact on the education of
some students. Facebook could make students vain for better or for worse and it is the
parents' obligation to watch and guide their children to get the utmost good benefits from
Facebook.

How do Social Networking Sites Affect Students?

Most of the time, students spend their time hanging around the web with the
popular social networking sites. Everyday, more and more people are getting more
attached to Social Networking sites as it is now moving in as one of the primary means of
communication of people.
Facebook, Twitter, and Google+ were only a few of the tons of the sites out there
that caters the need of people. Through Social Media, people has the chance to combine
work and relaxation. However, did you ever encounter the question. How do Facebook
affect your life? And what is your answer?
What are the benefits a student can get by using Social Networking Sites? Here
are some points:

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Get in touch with your loved ones, relatives, and friends

Get to know the latest news and issues

Participate in online discussions

Communicate with your classmates

Be reminded of assignments, projects, and quizzes

Conduct group meetings for group projects and announcements

Get the latest status and messages of your friends through the

News Feed
Obviously, social sites have a lot of uses for people with their exceptional
functionalities. Even without meeting in person, people can now interact with each other
and make a productive gathering. However, despite the fact that Social Media are
extremely helpful, it is still not perfect because there are still some negative points we can
encounter while using it.
Some of the bad effects are:

It invades your privacy

It distracts you in everything you do

Too much attachment to it may lead to spending too much time in

it without doing your tasks

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There are some wrong information released by unauthorized

people that causes fear

The mentioned good and bad effects were only partial and it also varies depending
on the person involved. Though some people still makes the best out of Social Media, we
cant still forget the negative side of it. Maybe, we should just ask ourselves on what is
our current position in the Social Networking World. The ever-growing technology helps
us make our life easier and better but we must be sure that we should treat it with
moderation
.
Facebooks Impact on Student Grades
How does Facebook activity affect a students grades? Reynol Junco, a professor
at Lock Haven University in Pennsylvania, recently set out to determine exactly that.
Mr. Junco assembled a sample of nearly 2,000 college students who self-reported
details of their Facebook use: not just total time spent on the social networking site, but
specific actions taken such as commenting, chatting, uploading photos or seeing what
others are doing lurking, as Mr. Junco calls it.
The study then stacked its subjects overall G.P.A.s against that Facebook
activity. Students high school G.P.A.s powerful predictors of college grades were
included in the study as control variables, to establish subjects baseline academic ability
and ensure no dramatic swings in G.P.A. occurred that might belie other factors at play.

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The results of the experiment will soon be published in the journal Computers in
Human Behavior, but The Choice was privy to an early look at the findings:

While overall time spent on Facebook negatively affected G.P.A., the results were not
clear-cut. As it turned out, those who frequently shared links on Facebook or checked the
site to see what friends were up to tended to have higher grades. Those students who
posted status updates tended to have lower grades.
Mr. Junco found a direct relationship between site use and out-of-class sociability:
the more time a student spent on Facebook, the more likely that student was to be
involved with extracurricular activities.
Meanwhile contradicting the zero-sum logic of some who might believe that a
minute spent social networking is a minute spent not attending to schoolwork the
study found no substantive link between time spent on Facebook and time spent studying.
Mr. Junco said in an e-mail that he was surprised by the fact that the number of
times a student checked Facebook each day was only weakly related to academic
performance.
This tells me that spending an inordinate amount of time on Facebook is related
to negative outcomes, while just checking Facebook for a few minutes each time is not,
he wrote.

The Facebook Effect

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ONE THING that listening to really successful people talk does to me is to make
me think how small I am. People like Mark Zuckerberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates have
been my heroes for some time and it is not because they are probably the most influential
people in the world, but because of how much they understand about our world. These
leaders and innovators are truly inspiring human beings.
Watching a few interviews with the creator of Facebook, Mark Zuckerberg, I was
dumbfounded by the world he lives in. It?s really amazing to hear people with so much
influence talk to ordinary people about the effects of their creations and try to bring
themselves down to the level of ordinary people. And it was awesome to know how much
Facebook has grown these past few years.
The last time I checked, Facebook had over 500 million users who go online with
active profiles. I checked how many Christians there are and found out that they number
two billion. So in less than a decade Facebook has managed to get a quarter of what
Christianity has succeeded in converting to a way of life in 2,000 years. I know you don?t
need a laptop or a mobile phone to get Christianity, but it?s just amazing how Facebook
has spread so fast.
Because of its great influence, Facebook has a lot of critics, and for good reason.
No matter how you look at it, whether it is consensual or not, Facebook is intrusive.
Where else do you make available so many personal preferences, information (including
sensitive ones, addresses, phone numbers, social games)? Who can blame people if they
get paranoid? People learn so many things about us in just one page that it is becoming

17

alarming. Sometimes it can also be depressing when others dismiss us as just another
face.
I guess that not too many Filipinos are aware that Facebook has received so much
criticism. It is not that I think they are not aware of what is going on in other countries. It
is more a case of not being able to relate rather than not knowing or caring enough to
learn about other countries.
Facebook has revolutionized the way we interact with other people by making it
easy for us to connect and share things we like and to read about and know our friends. It
has made complex human interaction simpler; it made things that were already there
easier. It has simplified how we live our lives.
But sometimes, simplicity can be dangerous. If we live an over-simplified life, we
tend to overlook how hard life really is. It is like putting a tiger that is used to the troubles
of the forest in a zoo where everything is provided for it. It is just there to be viewed. A
simple life.
It is not that I don?t approve of where Facebook has taken 500 million lives to
these past few years; it?s quite the opposite. Through Facebook I was able to reconnect
with so many people I would otherwise have forgotten. Being on Facebook is a treat that
most people will cherish for the rest of their lives. Some people even find the love of their
lives on Facebook! All that I am trying to say is that while it is great to have a toy like
Facebook, let us not forget that everything else is the real thing. At the end of the day,
toys are just toys.

18

Facebook Addiction of Filipino students

Facebook has been a big trend to Filipinos especially to students. Facebook has
already made a huge impact to people even if it just been known to the Philippines for the
last two years. It is now the leading social network site in terms of popularity and active
users.
Through a status message in my Facebook account, I was able to discover a girl
who has been a Facebook addict since she started using it. She is Marjorie Ditan, a 20years-old student of La Salle College Antipolo. She is taking-up AB Mass
Communication, Major in TV Journalism and is already in her fourth year.
She is my classmates sister. She looks like a Japanese girl who has a gentle
personality. She has fair and smooth skin. She is not a tall girl but can project herself as a
model.
She has a lot of hobbies. She likes reading books, writing short stories or poems,
watching television, customizing clothes but spend most of her time in using the
Facebook site.
Marjorie started using Facebook since March 2008. She already had been using it
for almost two years and five months. She opens her Facebook account depending on her
time schedule. During Mondays, Tuesdays Thursdays and Sundays, she uses FB between
1 p.m. to 11 p.m., since she has no classes or sometimes just spend half day to her school.
Then during Wednesday and Friday, her account is active between 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. only
because her classes start at 3:30 p.m. And on Saturdays, she spends her day on FB during
7 p.m. to 11 p.m.
19

The minimum hours I spend in Facebook site during no classes is 10 hours, and
the maximum is 17 hours. I can sometimes spend time in Facebook until 2 a.m., but I
dont stay awake during unholy hour, because it freaks me out. Marjorie said.
Marjorie Ditan is a college student who likes spending most of her time in her
Facebook account since the very first time she has known the site. She has benefited a lot
from the site and has been already her routine that she cannot go a day with, without
opening her account. She has been a Facebook addict for the past two years but has not
made a huge effect to her studies and to her social life.
Facebook really gets me because I can flush out my feelings. But it doesnt
really affect my studies because I am well disciplined and while my Facebook account is
open, I do tons of projects and even loads of home works.
She already has 200 friends in her site. Marjorie only accepts and adds friends
who is she familiar with. But even with the help of the site for communication, she do
more than a talk on FB, she still prefers to live among people and socialize with them
face to face than in social networks.
She likes spending time with her family but also do this with some activeness in
her FB account. But still, she doesnt let this social network to weaken her relationship
with her family, friends and herself.
In her FB profile, she usually posts things like skin care, fitness, hair care and
other guides or suggestions concerning a persons health and hygiene. She also uses her
account to sell stuffs like bags, accessories and clothes. FB has already been her partner
in business. She also like posting suggestions on what clothes to wear, foods that benefits
20

the body and mind, opinions on how to deal with relationships in a family, friends or
lover and topics that focuses more on communication and psychological matters. Her
statuses are all about relationships and friendships. She always wants to make sense with
what she posts.
FOOPETS APPLICATION is one of her favorite game application in FB that she
is so addicted and loyal to.
She is a certified Facebook addict but she never lets her FB addiction gets her
personal social life and ruin her studies. She knows how to balance things and FB is just
her hobby when she feels bored or dont have anything to do.
This proves that even if FB has been a very well known site to Filipino students, it
doesnt mean that it will already serve as our social interaction among people. Facebook
is still just internet operated and personal interaction and real relationships are way better
than network conversation and relationships. And addiction to any social network is a
normal thing to student to help in stress relieves but should not be the cause of any
personal distraction in a persons life.
Facebook is just a social network! she said, as her final words as we ended our
interview.

Philippines Facebook Statistics

Facebook monitoring helps to improve your business and social media marketing strategy

21

in every country. Currently, there are 30265200 Facebook users in the Philippines,
which makes it #8 in the ranking of allFacebook statistics by Country.
Also, feel free to try our professional social media monitoring tool Analytics
PRO monitor the situation on the market, track and analyze your fans' engagement on
your Facebook page, identify key influencers, response rates, and much more. Easily
generate the data, compare them with your competitors or with the top brands in your
field.

Population

99900177

Total Facebook Users

30265200

Position in the list

Penetration of population

30.30%

Penetration of online population

93.66%

Average CPC

$0.09

Average CPM

$0.02

Add to
Market

Insights

Users & Demography for the Philippines

22

Our social networking statistics show that Facebook penetration in

Philippines is 30.30% compared to the country's population and 93.66% in relation to
number of Internet users. The total number of FB users in Philippines is
reaching 30265200 and grew by more than 1707080 in the last 6 months.
Comparing these nearest countries by penetration of Facebook users shows that
Philippines has 0.24% higher FB penetration than San Marino and 0.38% lower FB
penetration than Martinique.

Philippines Facebook demographics is other social media statistics we monitor.

The largest age group is currently 18-24 with total of 11 762 500 users, followed by the
users in the age of 25-34.

23

There are 48% male users and 52% female users in Philippines, compared to 64%
and 36% in Turkeyand 49% and 51% in France .

5 Filipinos Opens Account per Minute

Much has been said about the Philippines being among the top social media
countries in the world. And all of that is richly deserved. It is indeed a social and
hyperconnected world and the statistics bear this out.

24

The latest data from SocialBakers shows that almost one out of every 4 Filipinos
has a Facebook account. As of this writing, there are 27,720,300 Facebook users in the
Philippines. Thats about 27.75% of the population and 93.33% of the online population.

Ranked 8th in the world among Facebook countries, about 1,226,960 Facebook
users were added over the past 6 months. Breaking it down even further, thats about
204,493 Facebook users a month or 6,816 users added a day.
For the Math lovers out there, that equates to 284 users being added every hour or
4.7 users added every minute.

25

Globally, SocialBakers reports close to 834 million Facebook users with Europe,
North America and Asia almost equally split, with about 25% each of the total Facebook
population.

Young and mostly female

26

Of the Philippine Facebook population, 39% of users are 18-24 years old and 24%
are 25-34 years old. Combined, this accounts for 63% of the total Facebook population.
52% of all Filipino Facebook users are female which is consistent with the global profile
of Facebook.

The biggest growth in Facebook use also came from these two demographics.
What is interesting is the decline in growth in the 13-15 demographic. One wonders if
this is a portent of things to come about the younger generation and their interest, or lack
of interest in, Facebook.

27

What could this new wave be about?

While the number of users is an interesting metric to look at, what will be even
more revealing is the number of active accounts. And still even more revealing is the
number of active conversations on Facebook and what it (Facebook) is being used for.

B.
C. Foreign Literature

Is Facebook Good Or Bad For Students? Debate Roils On

Does Facebook have a positive or negative effect on students? Oh, if only the
issue were so clear-cut!
Most recently, OnlineEducation.net, an online database designed to inform current
and prospective students about education opportunities in the U.S., compiled a mound of
research data on college students and their use of social media.
On analyzing it, the group could only conclude that the results were inconclusive
and mixed. Thus, the debate roils on.

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Key survey findings include:

96 percent of college students use Facebook;
Grades of students who checked Facebook while studying were 20% lower than
grades of those who didnt check Facebook while studying;
79 percent of students did not believe that multitasking in the way mentioned
above negatively affected their grades;
20 percent of students that use social media reported feeling connected to their
institution;
75 percent of college students reported wanting to collaborate online.
None of this is earth-shattering. If a student in the throes of cramming for finals is
distracted every few minutes by the urge to check Facebook status updates involving
friends day-to-day dating sagas and roommate skirmishes, it only makes sense that the
student will be less engaged in learning, absorb less knowledge and likely score lower on
the big test.
Yet, the same results might be seen for students who get up every few minutes to
grab a snack, watch TV or incessantly pick up the phone to text or call friends while
studying.
However, if the student is using Facebook to propel his or her knowledge, for
example, by participating in a Facebook group created by a professor for students of a
particular class, than the social network may have a positive influence on education and
spark the students interest in learning certain subject matter.
For instance, in such a space professors and students can participate in the sharing
of knowledge, by posting articles (and responses to them), speaker events, lectures and

29

personal experiences involving topics related to the course. When this happens, Facebook
can be a boon to education, actively engaging students in the pursuit of knowledge. Yet,
as AllFacebook recently reported, teachers are increasingly discouraged (for good reason)
from accepting students friend requests.

An important benefit seen in the statistics above is the ability of Facebook to

make college students feel socially connected, with a greater sense of community. This
can be beneficial in boosting students self-esteem. Past studies have shown that students
who are active on Facebook are more likely to participate in extra-curricular activities.
But, as we have also seen in the news, social media can also have a negative
effect on emotional health when abused by cyberbullies who harass and torment peers.
Also, as AllFacebook reported, one study found that students with the most
friends on Facebook feel more health-harming stress. Thus, students should be warned to
not put too much stock in the social network. At the end of the day, students, as all
people, of course, are more than the sum of their social network.
Ultimately, like with anything, how social media affects students may come down
to how it is used and the frequency with which it is used.

For Students, What Is the "Facebook Effect" on Grades?

Social media has several effects on academic work some more positive than
others. But what is social networking's overall impact on college students' performance?
According to data gathered from several sources by OnlineEducation.net,
Facebook and Twitter are used to great benefit sometimes. Students welcome online

30

engagement and resources; around 75% of student respondents said they'd like to do
some online collaboration for class, in fact.
Also, social media may have a positive impact on students' sense of themselves in
the community. Social media-using students were twice as likely as other students to feel
well-liked by their peers and to participate in extracurricular activities. And 20% more of
Facebook-using students (as compared to students who didn't use Facebook) said they
felt connected to their school and community.
However, negative effects abound. Students who use Facebook and hit the books
simultaneously found their multitasking led to 20% lower grades than those of their more
focused peers. Facebook-using students also made less money during school from parttime work, putting in around five hours per week as opposed to 16 hours per week for a
typical, unplugged counterpart.
Not only do grades and finances suffer, but students might actually end up feeling
more depressed or lonely. Almost half of students believe they are sadder than their
friends on Facebook, and 25% of college students have shown signs of severe depression
in their status updates at one time or another.
In a word, the results are inconclusive. But with around 96% of all college
students on Facebook, only the most dedicated academics would consider giving up
social media for a slightly better GPA.
In the comments, we'd like to know what impact social media had or has on your
academic work. And if your college career pre-dates social media, how do you think
college is better or worse because of Facebook?

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Studies show effects of Facebook on GPA

During the intensive studying and last minute cram sessions of finals week,
students often blame Facebook for interfering in their study efforts and fueling
procrastination.
While Facebook might not be helpful when it comes to studying, it doesnt mean
students grades have to suffer. According to a recent study, some types of Facebook use
actually correlate with higher grade point averages.
Published in Computers in Human Behavior, the study analyzed 1,839 college
students grades and Facebook usage.
These students reported spending an average of 106 minutes each day on
Facebook. How those 106 minutes of time on Facebook were spent determines the kind
of impact Facebook has on the student, according to the study.
Engaging in activities that involve collecting and sharing information, such as
sharing informative links, proved to have a positive impact on students GPAs. Posting
frequent status updates and using Facebook chat, however, were determined to negatively
affect GPA.
This distinction is one that can also be seen offline and around campus.
Those students who spend more time socializing to the exclusion of engaging in
academic work have poor academic outcomes, the study said.
At the same time, those who post links and use Facebook to communicate useful
information are more likely to be engaged with the outside environment and in the
classroom, the study said.

32

Penn State Learning Community Associate, Leagh Anderson said that the impact
on GPA could also depend on when the students are accessing Facebook. Those who are
frequently updating their statuses are often those who are on Facebook intermittently
throughout the day.
This intermittent and frequent checking of Facebook can interfere with the time
needed to digest and absorb course material, Anderson said.
Students Greg Brulo and Amy Niedbala both reported spending up to two hours
each day on Facebook. Niedbala said that it sometimes interferes with her studying, but
they both agreed that it does not have any sort of negative impact on their grades.
I use Facebook to take a break so I dont get mentally drained while studying,
Brulo said. My time management has a stronger correlation to my grades than
Facebook.

In the Facebook Era, Students Tell You Everything

The impact of Facebook on the college classroom goes far beyond technological
innovations and the ability to build relationships. It has led young people to publicly
announce intimate personal details without thought of the consequences. And that style of
communication has led to some very uncomfortable encounters between students and
their professors.
The first time it happened to me, the student's words came so quickly that I didn't
have time to think about my reaction. A young woman approached me in the hall with a
smile on her face, and said, "I won't be in class next week because I have to terminate a
pregnancy."

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I was dumbfounded. How could someone share something so private in a public

setting with a professor she barely knew? She had been in my class for only six weeks,
and we hadn't really established much of a relationship, so I had no idea how to respond.
Was she looking for help? Or should I simply treat it like any other notification of an
absence?

That incident was one of what has become a series of encounters with students
who are so used to social media that they now openly share what was formerly
considered private. Posting and tweeting intimate life details are now so normal for them
that they think nothing of cavalierly giving too much information to surprised professors.
Lest any reader doubt the stories I'm about to tell, let me assure you they all
happened as I describe over the past few years. The only facts I've changed are the names
of the students involved.
Allison walked into my classroom apologizing for missing two weeks of classes
by saying she had been in rehab for alcoholism. Stan's excuse, stated in front of the class,
was that drugs he was taking for a psychological disorder had caused him to oversleep.
Greg said he didn't have his assignment done because he had to go to court after being
arrested for punching a guy in a bar fight. Carly texted me that she couldn't make it to
class that day because she was in the hospital after having a miscarriage.
A new advisee, Amy, was in tears as she asked if she could shut my office door. It
was her first semester, and she had always had a bright smile on her face in the
classroom. But in my office, she told me her grades were suffering because she was
having an affair with a local married TV reporter.

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Such intimate details used to be considered too embarrassing to share. But with
Facebook and Twitter, young people think nothing of confiding in strangers. Often the
less the students know the person they are communicating with the more willing they are
to spill. And they do it bluntly, now that they are used to summarizing life in 140
characters.

Oversharing creates more than a few mixed feelings in the hearts of academics.
We know that asking students an innocent question, making a supportive comment, or
giving a comforting hug could all be easily misconstrued. It's difficult to know how to
react, especially when students announce sensitive circumstances in the classroom.
Bill told a room full of students that he was tired every Wednesday morning
because he was gambling every Tuesday night and was probably an addict. Becky choked
back tears trying to answer a simple textbook question and then apologized, saying her
boyfriend had just broken off their engagement a few hours earlier. Normally chipper
Elliot told the class he was depressed because of struggles with his live-in boyfriend. One
of my student-radio DJ's got on the air and announced that over vacation he had received
psychiatric treatment for his bipolar disorder, detailing how he needed help after
attacking a female shopper at a store where he was the assistant manager!
Even personal hygiene has become classroom fodder. Kurt announced at the start
of one period that he might miss the next meeting because he was seeing a doctor about a
blocked bowel. Jacob and Carol were platonic roommates but complained in my class
about each other's gross bathroom habits.

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It has become normal to hear students proclaim that they have no interest in ever
having children, but one senior added that he planned to get a vasectomy as a graduation
gift. I even had a student confess that he paid a prostitute to help him get his mind off
being stressed about midterm assignments.
Most surprising are the athletes who publicly brag about breaking rules that could
cause them to lose eligibility for their scholarships. An underage football player
complained as I handed him a test that he had been up all night getting drunk with
teammates. A runner said that he was unable to complete an assignment after winning a
meet and spending the night drinking in celebration.
The most baffling aspect for a faculty member to adjust to is that the same young
people who now tell you everything have conversely become much more sensitive about
what you say to them. An instructor may make an innocent comment, often in response to
what is perceived to be open communication, only to have the student take offense.
A young woman who spent her entire final semester telling my class about her
forthcoming marriage suddenly froze when I asked her one day how the wedding plans
were going. I didn't know that her fianc had recently called it off, and she burst into tears
in front of the class. She had changed her status on Facebook and posted numerous public
messages about it.
In another course, during the first-day icebreakers, students randomly picked out
questions from a bowl about things like their hometowns or favorite restaurants. One
student, whom I knew from his constant talking in other courses, refused to answer when
his turn came and he was asked how many kids he wanted. He said that question was "too
personal." Normally gregarious students may turn silent when asked about things that

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used to be considered innocuous, like family background or colleges they previously

attended.
One guy who openly talked nonstop about his 2-year-old boy got upset one day
before class when I asked how the child was. He gave me a serious look and said, "Don't
ever mention my son again." I was stunned and apologized to the student afterward, at
which time he revealed he was in a new custody battle with the boy's mother after she
moved out of town.
I've learned that while Twitter-addicted young adults usually have no problem
sharing too much information with strangers, it has to be at their own initiative. They
think nothing of sending out personal messages that would make many of us blush but
then turn around to perceive seemingly innocuous questions or comments from faculty
members as "judgmental" or "disrespectful."
In this Facebook age, young people expect everyone to be a "friend" who is
willing to accept whatever they "post." As a natural reactor who likes to respond to what
students say, I have learned it is important to hold my tongue and show no expression
during their startling revelations. I may want to drop my jaw and scream "Why are you
telling this to strangers?," but I must remain neutral and act like whatever they say is
totally normal.
That's how I responded after a student submitted a video assignment on his flash
drive because he had difficulties getting it to me online. He just handed me the drive to
use for grading his project, but when I later inserted it into my laptop there were no titles
on the numbered files. So I clicked on the first file.

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The dark, grainy footage showed the head of a girl performing fellatio on my
student in the front seat of a car. That obviously wasn't the class project.

I opened a second file, and they were both naked. I eventually located the correct
video to grade but was amazed that he gave me a drive with such intimate material. When
I handed the flash drive back to him at the start of the next class period, I didn't make a
comment and kept my facial expression neutral. I had learned that no matter what
students share in this Facebook era, sometimes it's wisest not to comment on their status.
Stephen Winzenburg is a professor of communication at Grand View University
in Des Moines and author of The Communication Job Search Handbook and TV
Programming Perspectives.

The Negative Effects of Facebook

As many people know Facebook is one of the largest social networks in the world
today. Facebook is helping people connect with their friends, and relatives from all over
the world. It makes human begin life much easier. However, since Facebook is getting
well-known, bad things start to take place. There are two effects that I want to talk about
Facebook Has a Negative Impact on the Concentration of Students, about 70-75
percent of high school students are falling behind in class because they spend many hours
on Facebook. Therefore, it leads to lack of time to studying or concentration on school
work. Therefore, the percentage of student repeating the class is higher every year.
Students watch adult movie on Facebook- As Facebook becomes popular , there
are more users uploading a lot of music videos that was over 18. The problem is that on

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Facebook there are many middle school students around 8-9 years old always playing
around, so the chance that they would watch adult videos is very high. Furthermore, there
are many users posting photos of their body and putting its up there so it make affect the
little kids who always playing around on the site
In my opinion, Facebook has become a place where you can watch any movies
and do not have to consider age. So I strongly believe that parents should do something to
keep their kids from watching or learning what they are not supposed to. Facebook will
not do anything about it because if they do not allow the customer to posting videos or
photos they will lose profit. It is very hard to keep track since there are million of users
on Facebook. So it is in the parents hands now.

Facebooks Side Effects

Around the world, billions of brightly lit computer screens reflect a blue tint on
their masters as the iconic f takes over the screen. With games, friends, and easy sharing
from nearly every website about nearly everything, Facebook is an internet giant that has
a fierce grip on quite possibly the whole World Wide Web, or at least its users.
The social media giant adds a positive spin on teens lives but also adds more
stress, A lot of it is negative like wasting time when you could be doing homework,
said senior Giovanni Cerutti.
As homework stacks up, the stress doubles for most students, which makes them
want to escape. Where they go, ironically enough is back onto Facebook, causing a
vicious cycle.

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Positively, though, students can find Facebook to be a useful tool. I talk to

friends mostly I go on very rarely but when I do, I talk to friends because I dont have a
phone, said sophomore Chris McCarter.
The site can be especially handy when a student misses an assignment and needs
to make it up quickly. With their web of peers on hand the student can usually find a
fellow classmate to help. Others use it to track various other interests or hobbies such as
photography, skateboarding, or music.
The best things about Facebook are being able to show your friends things like
pictures and/or videos. Another good thing is the ability to be able to follow your
favorite bands and knowing when theyre touring, Cerutti said.
Facebook sometimes isnt the true issue but its users and whats going on when
teachers are away. [The] worst is probably like, people can legitimately stalk you no
matter how private you set your profile, people from all around the world can still view
your profile somehow through others, said senior Brittany Eastman,
Alongside the threat of cyber bullying, Facebook sometimes doesnt hold up a
bright image amongst students. Drama that is left at a standstill at school multiplies
online with the power of anonymity, without the responsibility of facing the person
youre insulting, bullying becomes increasingly severe.
I have been cyber bullied as well as seen it. They were attacking me for dancing
with someones ex, eventually I just blocked them said Eastman.
What doesnt seem very harmful can bring a person to the brink. Conflicts at
school can continue and exponentially grow to the point where some attacks can push

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victims harm themselves. From this the harm will grow to attempting and sometimes
succeeding in ending their own lives.
Facebook has the pros and cons of any website, if its positive or not is purely up
to the users and how they use it either as a tool, a weapon, or a time waster. Students
should always caution themselves with what they allow to be published on the site and
remember that a screen wont always hide your identity.

What Facebook Does to Kids' Brains

People love to sensationalize the deleterious effects of new-fangled tech on the
impressionable brains of children. Psychologist Larry D. Rosen's presentation to the
American Psychological Association is a little more nuanced than "Facebook Rots Kids'
Brains," but it still has plenty to be concerned about. (His title: "Poke Me: How Social
Networks Can Both Help and Harm Our Kids.")
Facebook is only seven years old and has only been open to non-college students
for five years (kids under 13 are not officially allowed to join), so researchers have not
had much time to study the emotional, physical, and psychological effects it could have
on kids. But science has proven at least one thing: Facebook does something to some
people's brains, probably.
The good

Kids who spend more time on Facebook learn to show "virtual empathy"

to their friends online, Rosen found.

For less social kids, Facebooking can help these teens learn to socialize,

explains Rosen.

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When making friends on the social network, kids are more likely to

overlook race and make friends based on interest, a UCLA study found.

Facebook can improve the self-esteem of college students, according to a

Cornell study.

Silly status updates can help breed desirable traits like entrepreneurship, a

report from the National IT Center claimed.

Facebook raises kids' self-esteem.

The bad

Facebook breeds narcissism.

While it also lowers kids' self-esteem.

Young adults who have a strong Facebook presence show more signs of

other psychological disorders and are more susceptible to future health problem, found
Rosen.

Facebook doesn't prepare kids for real-life talking.

The social network makes kids depressed, found an American Academy of

Pediatrics study.

It's addictive.

It's distracting.

In other words, it's kind of like middle school.

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10 Adverse Effects Facebook For Students

Facebook negative impact on teenagers, students and children. Facebook negative
impact is increasingly felt, even though the Facebookers many are not aware of the
influence of negati facebook.
Perhaps because the name is already addicted to facebook. But it is precisely this
that is dangerous, which is not realized.
Okay, for you the youth and students as well as children, you must know what the
negative impact of this facebook. Because of facebook users is dominated by the 14-24
year olds as much as 61.1%.
1. No matter with the surrounding
People who are addicted to facebook too preoccupied with his own world (the
world which he created) that does not care about other people and the environment
around it. Someone who has been addicted to facebook often experience this. No matter
with their surroundings, their world turned into a world of facebook. Some say autism.
2. Lack of socialization with the environment
This impact of too frequent and too old to play facebook. It's quite alarming for
the development of the social life of the child. They are supposed to learn socialization
with the environment even more to spend more time in cyberspace with friends who
average facebooknya discuss something that is not important. As a result the child's
verbal abilities declined. Of course autism is here not in the literal sense.
3. Wasting money
Internet access to open facebook obviously affect the financial condition
(especially if access from the cafe). And the cost of the Internet in Indonesia is likely to

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still expensive when compared to other countries (and even many free ones). This could
be categorized as waste, because it is not productive. Another matter if they use it for
business purposes.
4. Distemper
Too much sitting in front of the monitor without doing any activity, sport has
never really pose a risk to health. Disease will be easy to come. Late irregular eating and
sleeping. Obesity (overweight), stomach diseases (gastrointestinal), and eye disease are
health problems most likely to occur.
5. Reduced learning time
It is obvious, too old to play facebook will reduce the allotted time to study the
child as a learner. There are even some who are still busy playing facebook while at
school.
6. Lack of attention to family
The family home is number one. The slogan is no longer valid for the
Facebookers. Make their friends on facebook is number one. Not infrequently their
attention to the family to be reduced.
7. The spread of personal data
Some Facebookers provide data about the data itself with great detail. Usually this
is for people who know the Internet was limited to only facebook. They do not know the
risk is to spread personal data on the internet. Remember the data is easy once the data on
the internet is leaking, let alone facebook easily hacked!
8. Easily find something pornography

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It was easy for the Facebookers find something that smells of porn. Because the
two things are the most widely searched on the internet and also the easiest to find. nah,
it's a fact not adult intenet users of Indonesia. Just use the Internet to search for content
"slimy". On facebook would be very easy to find the group ***, group lonely aunt, etc
bispak girl group.
9. Prone to the dispute
The lack of control of managers facebook against its members and immaturity
facebook users themselves create friction between Facebookers often occur. The most
phenomenal example is the case "Evan Brimob" some time ago. Evan Brimob is a new
member of the police who know facebook. Please search on google about Evan Brimob
wrote with a statement that the controversy: "The police do not need society".
10. Beware of scams!
Like other media media, facebook also vulnerable to fraud. Especially for
children who do not understand the ins and outs of the internet. For the fraudster
themselves, the virtual world conditions that completely anonymous obviously very
profitable.

Facebook Effects on Students

I've been a Facebook member for about five years now. I was fourteen when I first
created my profile, and I must admit, like many of my peers and friends, I've become an
avid user. I've always had an interest in the newest social medias. As a sophomore now in
college, I find myself using Facebook while doing homework, in class, or just when I'm
bored. Facebook has several uses, to me. I use it to create groups for projects, events, etc.,

45

communicate with friends and family, or to find out the latest events in Miami. I for one
am not against Facebook. Do I think it can become a distraction for academic excellence
like most people say? Absolutely!
With that being said, I recently read an article called "Impact of Facebook Usage
on Students' Academic Achievement: Role of Self-Regulation and Trust" written by Sana
Rouis, Moez Limayem, and Esmail Saleni-Sangan. In the article, they talk about the
extended amount of time that students are spending on Facebook. Although many
students agree that Facebook is both time consuming and distracting, they still continue
to use it on a daily basis. The average student spends 30-35 minutes, however some
students spend up to eight hours a day. The main concern here is that with these long
hours, students may possibly be decreasing their academic performance and jeopardizing
their grades.

During the long hours that these students spend on Facebook, they are not only
distracting themselves, but they are focusing their productivity on Facebook posts and
videos, rather than preparing for homework, tests, etc. This leads to poor results and a
decrease in overall global achievement. The article also factors in self-regulation and
cognitive absorption. They hypothesized that students who practice self-regulation, set
goals for themselves, therefore they practice less usage of online activity. Cognitive
absorption refers to how captivated the students are in the tasks they are performing
online. The more they are immersed in these tasks, the less concentration they use on
other tasks. They hypothesized that a high level of cognitive immersion on Facebook

46

decreases the students academic achievements, and the higher level of cognitive
absorption in Facebook increases the student's time on the website.
Although the usage on Facebook depends on the personality and overall goals of
the student, I feel as if these facts in general are accurate. Every student knows that
Facebook is distracting, a social media used when procrastinating, and takes up a lot of
time. However, if students, myself included, know this then why do they continue to use
it? I am guilty of saying these things as well, yet I have my Facebook open in the tab next
to this one. I think the problem here is not Facebook, it's the motivation that some
students lack. This generation is so attached to social networks, cell phones, and
technology in general that I think they are afraid that in the thirty minutes it takes to do an
assignment that they will miss out on something in their social life. As technology
continues to develop, it is my job, as a future educator, to teach students to set personal
goals for themselves, so they can be the students that will spend less time on social media
and more time being productive.

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VIII. SUMMARY

Facebook has become an addiction for many. Instead of students concentrating on

their homework or studying for a big test the next day, they are spending hours looking
through pictures, answering their page comments, and chatting with friends on the sites
instant messenger. Facebook has consumed good grades and face-to-face communication
is in jeopardy.

Even students who are active users of Facebook indicate some concerns about the
long hours they spend surfing the site. However, other students consider their time spend
on Facebook valuable, because it enables them to exchange news with friends and family,
learn about others activities, and have fun with various activities. They also regard their
Facebook breaks as a means to renew their energy so that they can perform better on their
subsequent tasks.

Students who use Facebook and hit the books simultaneously found their
multitasking led to lower grades than those of their more focused peers. Facebook-using
students also made less money during school from part-time work, putting in around five
hours per week as opposed to 16 hours per week for a typical, unplugged counterpart.

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Not only do grades and finances suffer, but students might actually end up feeling
more depressed or lonely. Almost half of students believe they are sadder than their
friends on Facebook, and some students have shown signs of severe depression in their
status updates at one time or another.

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IX. CONCLUSION

Usage of Facebook is overwhelming, we get in touch with our loved ones,

relatives, and friends.We get to know the latest news and issues, we can participate in an
online discussions and many more. Facebook is also an efficient social capitalization tool.
It let every single individuals to present themselves, and begin or keep connections with
others. Facebook associates can also join groups based on common interests, see what
things they have in common, and learn each others' hobbies, interests, favorite music, and
romantic relationship status through their pages.

Few of the side effects of Facebook adversely affects on a students' behavior and
performance, one of the biggest effect is too much time on the internet. Another dramatic
changed seen in students behavior is that they will not spent the required time on studies
as they are asked to, brag about theposition and level that they are on the games online,
how many friends are their as their partners, scores, records etc. Students who have not
achieved these positions on online games will now also join in adding tothe adverse
effects of Facebook.

Facebook also has a large impact to students. Some students are using it for
educational purposes. Students would like to do some online collaboration with

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classmates. It is said that using Facebook boosts students self-esteem even more. They
would feel belongingness in the community compared to those who do not have accounts.
It also provides news on what are happening in the real world and even in their school.
On the other hand, negative effects flourish. It was found that social networking sites has
formed a new kind of addiction which we called the "social media addiction" and it is
quite true in using Facebook. Students who spend much of their time online find it harder
to focus in class and have short attention span. Students are becoming obsessed with
social media sites such as Facebook. Instead of studying, they go using Facebook that's
why they got 20% lower grades.

Facebook-using students even perform task (projects or assignments) without

completion for the reason that they spend more time scrolling down on their newsfeed to
see updates about their friends and look up for their notifications rather than finishing
their school tasks. Aside that Facebook affects students academic performance; it also
has an effect on students emotional health. Yes, students feel connected to others but
study but somehow they manifest depression through seeing their status updates. Some
would utilize the site to express what they feel towards their enemy in school or even
outside the campus. They would blurt out through posting status that would target their
opponent just to hurt their feelings.

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X. RECOMMENDATION

Time management, commitment and focus as the attitude help student decrease
the negative effect of Facebook. I recommend some ways in which students can avoid
Facebook successfully or at least minimize the amount of time that they spend on
Facebook;

Avoid Facebook Requests: Every day we get several requests through Facebook.
These include requests for friendship from strangers, requests for filling up surveys, or
even requests to play some game. Make it a policy to ignore all requests in Facebook.
Only confirm friends whom you know outside of Facebook. Ignore game requests no
matter how interesting it may sound. At the end of the day, playing a video game or a
Facebook game is an addictive pastime and a serious waste of time. Most often, the apps
and games in Facebook are designed to send mass requests to all friends in ones friends
list. Therefore, you need not feel upset about saying no to these requests. In fact, if you
are very keen on minimizing Facebook time, then you may even want to block friends
who are prolific game players on Facebook and are constantly bombarding you with
requests.

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Manage Notifications: One of the simple steps that you can take to minimize
Facebook time wasters is to set your account settings in such a way that you do not
receive notification emails for every activity in Facebook. Switch off the notification
emails in your account settings. You can also filter out the emails from Facebook in your
email client as well. You can always keep yourselves updated by checking the
notifications when you log in into Facebook. That way, you decide on when you want to
use Facebook and it is not governed by the frequency in which your friends update their
status messages.

Say no to apps and games: This is the biggest time waster in Facebook and you
have to be firm in avoiding these in Facebook apps and games. Facebook was designed
for friends to keep in touch with each other. Games should be played not virtually but in
the real world. If you like playing games, why not choose a sport that you like and try to
practice it. This will help you to avoid Facebook games and at the same time help you in
enjoying games as well.

Be offline in chat: Facebook chat is another area where you end up wasting far
more time than you originally intended. Make sure that you remain offline in chat while
you are logged in into Facebook. This way you can minimize chat requests from friends
through Facebook. If you want to talk to your friends call them up instead of chatting on
Facebook. This way you will be able to control the amount of time that you spend on
Facebook.

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XI. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Andrews, Julie D. "Is Facebook Good Or Bad For Students? Debate Roils On"
Retrieved April 28, 2011, from http://allfacebook.com/is-facebook-good-or-bad-forstudents-debate-roils-on_b41357

Greenfield, Rebecca. "What Facebook Does to Kids' Brains" Retrieved August 8, 2011,
from http://www.theatlanticwire.com/technology/2011/08/what-facebook-does-kidsbrains/40973/

Hall, Steven. "Facebooks Side Effects Filed under Student Life" Retrieved January 12,
2012, from http://www.thegrowlonline.com/student-life/2012/01/12/facebooks-sideeffects/

Magdaong, Caren Rose. "Facebook Addiction of Filipino Students" Retrieved August 19,
2010, from http://therealcreativegeniuses.blogspot.com/2010/08/facebook-addiction-offilipino-students.html

Marquez, Alfonso Avila. "The Facebook Effect." Philippine Daily Inquirer. March 4,
2011.

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Mehdizadeh, Soraya. "Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social NetworkingNarcissism

and Self-Esteem on Facebook" Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking This
Is Your Brain on Facebook.

O'Dell Jolie. "For Students, What Is the "Facebook Effect" on Grades?" Retrieved April
27, 2011, from http://mashable.com/2011/04/27/facebook-effect-students/

Parnala, Adam. "How do Social Networking Sites Affect Students?" Retrieved April 16,
2012, from http://www.noypigeeks.com/featured/how-do-social-networking-sites-affectstudents

Riden, Emily "Studies show effects of Facebook on GPA" Retrieved December 11, from
http://uwire.com/2011/12/07/studies-show-effects-of-facebook-on-gpa/

Rosen, Larry D. "Social Networkings Good and Bad Impacts on Kids" American
Psychological Association.

Ruiz, Rebecca R. "Facebooks Impact on Student Grades" Retrievered October 21, 2011,
from http://thechoice.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/21/fbook-grades

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Tran, Alex. "The Negative Effects of Facebook" Retrieved November 4, 2011, from
http://community.mis.temple.edu/mis3538b2/2011/11/04/the-negative-effects-offacebook/

Winzenburg, Stephen. "In the Facebook Era, Students Tell You Everything" Retrieved
July 29, 2012, from http://chronicle.com/article/In-the-Facebook-Era-Students/133169/

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