DESIGN METHOD OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMED SHEAR WALLS To SUSTAIN VERTICAL LOADS AFTER SHEAR FAILURE M. Tomi (1) F. Esaki (12) Presenting Author: €. Tomit smauRy ‘This paper presents 2 design method of reinforced concrete monolithic franed shear valls whose coluans do not fail in shear by an earthquake and whose horizontal shear capacity 1s dominated by alip failure of their infilled panel vail. This type of shear failure of reinforced concrete franed shear walls is not dangerous, because even if the relative story displacenent of the framed shear valls increases after the elip failure the coluans can sustain vertical loads of the franed shear walls end fairly good ductility can be ex- pected. INTRODUCTION In the experiments of isolated slender multistory framed shear walls sub- Jected to lateral forces, many of the shear valle fail in flexure. In Japan, hhowever, where because of frequent severe earthquakes most of the reinforced conerete frame structures are legs than seven stories high, the franed shear vals (hereafter called "shear wall"), not only squat one-story shear walls but also slender sultistory ones, arranged in reinforced concrete buildings of the three-dimensional frane structure, frequently fail in shear by an earth- quake since the flewurel deformations of the shear walls are restrained by the Surrounding structure which sustains both dead loads and live loads. Besides "slip fatlure of the panel vail” mentioned in the sumary, there Ae another type of shear Failure of shear walls which is induced by "shear failure of the edge columns”. If the columns fail in shear, bearing capacity of the shear vall decreases, and the upper stories supported by the shear walls are in danger of falling. In order to prevent such dangerous brittle failure, the authors propose 2 design method of shear walls in which the shear failure is induced by slip failure of the panel vali. DESIGN METHOD In regard to one-bay one-story shear walls as to which sufficient data of lateral shear tests were obtained, the authors proposed seni-analytical formulae to calculate the following lateral shear capacities: @uo(ve) = lateral shear capacity dominated by slip failure of panal wall ( Professor of Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (TI) Research Assistant of Structural Engineering, Kyushu University, Fuluoka, Japan 581Quo (20+ @uo(be) = lateral shear capacity dominated by shear failure of edge olunes and that of edge beams and proved that if the shear walls are designed co satisfy Eq. 1, shear fat te fe infused by slip feflure of the panel vall (see Fig. 2) and can easily be repaired’). Quo(s) £ 0-8min(@uo(ee)» Quo(be)) -@) When shear cracks occur in the panel wall of continuous sheer walls fre~ quently used in actual buildings, the flexural deformation of the internediate Solumns (Seams) between the panel walls {8 smaller than that of the edge col- unns (beans)@), Therefore, lateral shear capacity per lateral length, Gy/Tl, of continucus shear walls is larger than that of one-bay one-story shear valis in either mode of shear failure, since more effective confinenent of the boundary frame to the expansion of the shear cracked orthotropic infilled panel wall which behaves as compression diagonal field by shear can be ex- pected in continuous shear walle than in one-bay one-story shear walls‘), here = distance from center to center of colums of each unit shear wall. But in regard to continuous shear walls the date of lateral shear tests are not suffiedent to determine the increase of lateral shear capacity. ‘The authors conducted lateral shear tests of eight specimens of two-bay one-story shear walls assuned to be 1/10-seale models of two-bay nultistory Shear walls by making their edge beans rigid (see Fig. 2). The mechanical be havior and figures of these false two-bay multistory shear walls are define! as follows. 4 Each unit shear wall satisfies the critical condition of Eq. 1 (see Table 2). The external forces which are polar-symnetrical with respect to the center of the panel wall are assumed as in Fig. 3, vhere w= the sum of vertical loads applied to unit ‘shear wall, and the angle between each shear crack end horizontal direction is assumed a8 45" i Hach coluan section satisfies the requirenent mentioned in the commentary of A.I.J. Code*): Beton S$ and min(bos De) 2 mint , 22), where be = width of each columns of shear wall, Dg = depth of each column of shear wall, Se min(L', bY), 1! = clear length of panel wall fixed to the column, ht = clear height of panel wall fixed to the column, t= thickness of panel vall fixed to the column, and is close to the mininun requirenents (see Teble 1 and Fig. 2). By experinental results of all the specimens, it ie proved thet: Shear failure is induced by slip failure of the panel vall. When the angular shear distortion, (= 65/h', where 65 is relative later al displacement between the inside faces of the upper and bottom continu- ous rigid edge beans of the shear wall and given by the mean value of & measured at the midspan of each bay and at the joints of the intermediate he 582column.), reaches approxinately 4x1079 rad, the lateral shear force, ex, applied to the franed shear wall becomes maximum, g20y (sss) sit Even when R is approximately doubled after aad reached exdu(ue), that 13, R reaches 8x10"? rad, each shear vall can sustain the vertical load safely and carry more than 90% of extu(ise)- iv When R reaches over 810"? rad, @ decreases renarkably since the panel wall is crushed, but each shear wall can still sustain the vertical loads. From these exparinental results it is proved that in multistory shear walls vhose unit shear valls are designed to satisfy the condition given by Eq. 1, the shear failure 4s induced by the elip failure of the panel wall and the damage can be repaired easily. Besides, fairly good ductility can be ex- pected 42 8 is less than 8x10~? rad. When, besides the design condition mentioned above, the condition that the design lateral shear force of shear valle, Op, 18 £0 be below Quo(ua)nin which 1s the lover bound of Gyo(ye) 1s given, the thickness of the panel wall and the total sectional srea of longitudinal reinforcing bars of each colunn must satisfy the conditions given by Eq. 2. Lt 7 {08 § SIRSETEOGp RES BM Spe Ray Popp Naot. Bag Oat 0.2620 1 @ where 4 = 1.250p/01 ; : 2 to = Tana RRS M2 FG00R min & 60K prt ——— 3 in> 60kg/en? fo = aT Flug). STEIN min 1D) tf 2-4¥FG#34007—min > SOKG Bt Bay aye = Gr - PP) axe 1 Qe = ———" 0.262- 0.47629 + 0.738. ag, Oyg = total sectional area (en2) and yield strength (kg/cm?) of longi SERS Soy AST ARS ST OS? sa Pos Ojo = Fhe late eacae ere tategall weezer teh aD ot that where py Oyy $ 30kg/cn® Phe gh = Deets PLP et To and glold sezengeh Cgfen?) of shear Shere phone, skalen! vents = Ob ache te pea py ayia sieaients el sestoeet et caer Fe = compressive strength of concrete (kg/cm?) ‘The factors Que and Gg can be given in the design chart of Fig. 4. The allovable lateral shear capacity of the shear walls which satisfies the condi~ tion of Eq. 2, Quo(ae)min, can be given in the design chart of Fig. 5. 583LATERAL SHEAR TESTS OF FALSE MULTISTORY SHEAR WALLS WITH TWO BAYS Detatls of specinens are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 2. The shear walle vere tested by the test setup shown in Fig. 6. Test results of all specimens fare shown in Table 2, The crack patterns at Re8%10~° rad and hysteresis, curves of all specinens are shown in Fig. 7. concLusrox Tt is recosmended to design those franed shear walle in which the thick ness of each panel wall and the cotal sectional area of longitudinal rein~ Forcing bars of each colum satisfy the conditions given by Eq. 2, since {the shear failure of euch shear valls is induced by slip failure of the panel wall and the unfailing columns can sustain the vertical loade when bearing capacity of the slipped end crushed panel wall renarkably de~ the damage can be repaired easily, i Fairly good ductility can be expected. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This investigation was carried out at Kyushu University under the support of the Grant~in-Atd for Scientific Research from Japanese Ministry of Educa tion. The authors wish to thank Mr. F. Fujivara, engineer of Kyushu University, and Me. M, Fujita, a graduate student of Kyushi University, who assisted in this expetinent and Mise Kiyoko Furuta, secretary, who typed the manuscript of this paper. REFERENCES 1. Tomi, M. and Eeaki, F., "Predicting Method for Shear Faflure Modes of Reinforced Concrete Franed Shear Walls," Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute (Trans. of J.C.1.), Vol. 4, 1982. 2, Toaii, M., Esaki, F. and Funanoto, K., "Mechanical Behavior of Two-Story or ‘Two-Bay Duplex Framed Shear Walle Waving Shear Cracked Panel Walls,” Trans. of 3.0.1. Vol. 4, 1982. 3, Tooti, M., Suecks, 7. and Kiraisht, H., "Elastic Analyeis of Framed Shear Walls’ by Assuming Their Infilled Panel Walls to Be 45-degree Orthotropic Plates, Part I and I," Transactions of the Architectural Inetitute of Japan (Trans. of A.1.J.), No. 280, June 1979 and No. 284, Oct. 1979. 4, A.T.J. Standard and Commentary for Structural Calevlation of Reinforced Concrete Structures, Revised in June, 1952 (in Japanese). The Article and Commentary of earthquake resistant shear walls (framed shear valls) are the same as those in the 1979 revision which is translated into English. 584Table 1 Properties of specinens [an a te 2 i lot. | Fig. 2 Definitions specimens eS Fig. 3. External forces assured co apply ‘hari ct sistas rast an Patri be sss to unit shear wall Seeniceanse: ih derivecion of [sare ml ol ee An i ‘oe 3 of . Rey Lest _| | | We | | numminiQainQain) | Fig. 1 Relation between oe Tee eet Satya) nodes 585Fig. 5 Design chart for allow able lateral shear capacity Guo(we min Fig. 4 Desiga chert for shape factors Qe and Ge ELEVATION Verescat Loading Systen Last 11 Dimensions in em Fig. 6 Test setup 586Q= total Lateral shear force Pig. Ta Crack patterns and hysteresis curves 587Q = total Lateral shear force Fig. 7b Crack patterns and hysteresis curves