HO CHI MINH CITY INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Academic year 2012-2013, Semester 1

Duration: 90 minutes
SUBJECT:
Differential Equations
Chair of Department of Mathematics

Lecturer:

Signature:

Signature:

Full name: Prof. Phan Quoc Khanh

Full name: Dr. Pham Huu Anh Ngoc

Instructions:
Each student is allowed a scientific calculator and a maximum of two double-sided sheets of
reference material (size A4 or similar), stapled together and marked with their name and ID.
All other documents and electronic devices are forbidden.

Question 1. (25 marks) Show that the differential equation

(cos x cos y y)dx + x(sin y 1)dy = 0.
is exact. Solve it.
Question 2. (25 marks) Find the solution to the initial value problem
y 0 (tan x)y = cos x,

x ( , );
2 2

y(0) = 1.

Question 3. (25 marks) Find the general solution of the differential equation
y 00 + 4y 0 + 4y = ex + x.

Question 4. (25 marks) Solve the following differential equation

(x2 + 1)y 00 + 2xy 0 = 2x.

END.

SOLUTIONS:
Question 1. Let M (x, y) := cos x cos y y and let N (x, y) := x(sin y 1). The given differential
equation is rewritten as
M (x, y)dx + N (x, y)dy = 0.
Since

M
N
(x, y) = sin y 1 =
(x, y),
y
x
the differential equation is exact. Note that
0 = (cos x cos y y)dx + x(sin y 1)dy = d(sin x) + ( cos y)dx + xd( cos y) (xdy + ydx)
= d(sin x x cos y xy).
Thus the general solution is given by
sin x x cos y xy = C.
Question 2. The given equation is rewritten as

sin x
y = cos x,
x ( , ).
y0
cos x
2 2
The integrating factor is given by I(x) = cos x. Thus, we get
(cos x)y 0 (sin x)y = cos2 x.
This gives
d
((cos x)y) = cos2 x.
dx
Therefore, the general solution is
1
1
1
(C + x + sin 2x).
cos x
2
4
1
1
Since y(0) = 1, the particular solution is y(x) = cos x (1 + 2 x + 41 sin 2x).
Question 3.
The general solution of the corresponding homogeneous equation y 00 + 4y 0 + 4y = 0 is
y(x) =

y(x) = c1 e2x + c2 xe2x .

A particular solution of y 00 + 4y 0 + 4y = ex + x is yp (x) = (1/9)ex + (1/4)x 1/4. Thus the general
solution of the equation y 00 + 4y 0 + 4y = ex + x, is given by
y(x) = (1/9)ex + (1/4)x 1/4 + c1 e2x + c2 xe2x .
Question 4.
Note that y1 (x) = 1 is a particular solution of the homogeneous differential equation
(x2 + 1)y 00 + 2xy 0 = 0.
By the Liouville formula, y2 (x) = tan1 x is a solution of this equation such that y1 , y2 are linearly
independent. So, the general solution is given by
y(x) = c1 + c2 tan1 x.
It is easy to see that yp (x) = x is a particular solution of the nonhomogeneous differential equation
(x2 + 1)y 00 + 2xy 0 = 2x.
Thus the general solution of the nonhomogeneous equation is given by
y(x) = c1 + c2 tan1 x + x.