December 13, 2007

Physics 130 - a

Dr. Schmidt

Final Answer Key

Write your name on the front of the blue book. Put your answers in the blue book. Start a new page for
each problem. Show all applicable work in the blue book for partial credit. When you are finished, fold your
test in half and place it inside your blue book to hand in.
1. (10 points) An object can be set in motion by either applying work or an impulse. Define each term and
distinguish between the two terms. How does their application result in motion? Which is a scalar and
which is a vector quantity? If you cite an equation be sure to clearly explain each variable used.
W = Fx cos where W is work, F is the applied force, x is the displacement over which the force is
applied, and q is the angle between the force and the displacement. Work is a scalar. Work produces
a change of kinetic energy resulting in a greater speed.
I = Ft where I is impulse, F is the applied force, t is the interval of time over which the force is
applied. Impulse is a vector. An impulse produces a change of momentum resulting in a greater
speed.
2. A) (5 points) For an object undergoing simple harmonic oscillation describe, how the object moves. What
function best describes the position dependency on time over a complete period? If you use an equation,
please include a word description for each variable.
Y = A sin [(2/T)t] where A is the maximum amplitude, and T is the period or time for a complete
oscillation.
B) (5 points) For an object undergoing simple harmonic oscillation describe, why the object moves. What
is the essential condition that results in an object moving in SHM? If you use an equation, please include
a word description for each variable.
Simple Harmonic Motion occurs when an object experiences a restoring force that is proportionate to
the displacement from equilibrium in the opposite direction to the displacement.
F = -kx = ma where k is the constant of proportionality between the force F and the displacement x,
and m is the mass of the object.
3. (15 points) Which of the following are true. If false, rewrite the statement to make it true.
a) An object being swung on a string in a vertical circle experiences the greatest string tension at the
bottom of the circle. True.
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b) The force of the floor of an elevator on a passenger goes to zero when the elevator moves up at a
constant speed. False
c) The tension of a rope holding up a pail of water as it moves from the faucet to the washbasin does no
work. True.
d) Whether the pitcher hit the stone or the stone hits the pitcher it all the same for the pitcher. is a
restatement of Newtons Third law. True. not
e) The period of a simple harmonic oscillator is ^ dependent on the amplitude. False.
4. (10 points) Choose the most correct of the three N (negative), Z (zero), or P (positive). Write your choice
in your blue book. Assume the convention up and to the right are positive,
a) the vertical velocity of an object at the top of a trajectory? (initial positive vertical velocity) Z
b) the vertical acceleration of an object at the top of a trajectory? (initial positive vertical velocity) N
c) the horizontal velocity of an object in a trajectory with a displacement to the right? P
d) the horizontal acceleration of an object following a trajectory with a displacement to the right? Z
e) the acceleration of an object in SHM as it passes through the equilibrium position from right to
left?Z

5. (10 points) A family is going to visit grandparents for a Holiday Dinner. Their destination is 380 km
away and driving at a speed of 88 km/hr they would arrive just on time. Halfway there the car gets caught at
a railroad crossing and is delayed by 5 minutes. How fast must they now drive to arrive on time for dinner?
For the last leg 380 km/2 = 190 km
t = x/v = 190 km/88 km/hr = 2.159 hr
t = t 5 min = 2.159 hr 5/60 hr = 2.0758 hr
v = 190 km/2.0758 hr = 91.53 km/hr 92 km/hr
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6. (15 points) A crane at a construction site lifts cement to the upper floors of a
building. The crane is a horizontal beam 32 m in length balanced on a pedestal
32 m
5.0 m from one end. The beam weighs 1,100 kg and has a counter balance
with a weight of 9,100 kg is attached to the short end. The lifting point on the
x
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opposite end of the crane can be moved in and out. How far out from the
mg
mg
pedestal can a load of 2400 kg of cement be lifted without toppling the crane?
5.0 m
= 0
Choose the pedestal as the axis. The center of mass of the beam is 16 m
from the counter weight and 11 m from the pedestal.
mgx + mg(11 m) mg(5.0 m) = 0
mgx + mg(11 m) = mg(5.0 m)
mx + m(11 m) = m(5.0 m)
mx = m(5.0 m) - m(11 m)
x = [m(5.0 m) - m(11 m)]/m = [9,100 kg (5.0 m) 1,100 kg (11 m) ]/2.400 kg = 13.9 m 14 m
7. Pascal demonstrated his Principle regarding pressure rather dramatically by filling a thin straw that
emptied into the top of a barrel with a relatively small amount water, bursting the barrel with the pressure of
the water in the straw. Assume a straw with a radius of 0.20 cm 12 m high filled with water. The density of
water is 1.00 gm/cm3.
a)(5 points) What is the weight of the water contained in the straw?
W = mg = Vg = (r2h)g = (1 gm/cm3)(1 kg/1000 g)(100 cm/1m)3(0.002 m)2(12 m)(9.8 m/s2)
W = 1.478 N 1.5 N
b)(5 points) What is the gauge pressure at the bottom of the straw (the top of the barrel)?
P = W/A = gh = (1 gm/cm3)(1 kg/1000 g)(100 cm/1m)3(9.8 m/s2)(12 m) = 117,600 Pa 120 kPa
8. A16 lb (7.3 kg) bowling ball 18 cm in diameter is thrown horizontally at a speed of 3.0 m/s. The ball
initially is not rotating but slides along the alley until its rate of rotation matches the rate of translation. How
far does the ball slide until this occurs? The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.30. Assume a constant angular
acceleration and a constant linear deceleration of the ball during the sliding phase
a) (5 points) What is the angular acceleration due to the friction acting on the ball to causing it to begin
to roll?
= I = FfR
= FfR/I = (mg)R/I = mgR/(2/5mR2) = 5g/2R = 5(0.30)(9.8 m/s2)/2(0.090m)
= 81.67 rad/s2 82 rad/s2
b) (5 points) What is the linear deceleration due to friction? (Hint: It is independent of the angular
acceleration in part a) except for the fact that it is the same frictional force acting.)
Ff = ma a = Ff/m = mg/m = g = 0.30(9.8 m/s2) = 2.94 m/s2= 2.9 m/s2
c) (5 points) How fast is the ball going when it stops sliding and begins to roll without slipping? Hint:
Energy is not conserved during the event.

v = vo at
= t where = v/R
v/R = t
v = tR
t = v/R
v = vo a(v/R)
v + a(v/R) = vo
v(1 + a/R) = vo
v= vo/(1 + a/R) = 3.0 m/s /(1 + 2.94 m/s2 /81.67 rad/s2(0.090 m)) = 2.14 m/s 2.1 m/s
9. An exit ramp on an expressway is banked at an angle of 15o and posted with a speed limit of 24 km/hr.
a) (5 points) What must the minimum radius of curvature of the ramp be at any point along the ramp to
allow traffic to negotiate the ramp without the need of friction? (for example in an ice storm?)
Fy = 0
Fx = mv2/R
FNy mg = 0
FNx = mv2/R
FN cos mg = 0 FN sin = mv2/R

FN cos = mg

FN mg
FN = mg/cos
2
(mg/cos ) sin = mv /R
g sin /cos = v2/R
g tan = v2/R
R = v2/g tan = (24 km/hr(1000m/km)(1 hr/3600 s)2/(9.8 m/s2) tan 15o = 16.9 m 17 m
b) (5 points) What is the amount of horizontal acceleration experienced by drivers negotiating the exit
ramp?
F = ma = mv2/R
a = v2/R = (24 km/hr(1000m/km)(1 hr/3600 s)2/(16.9 m) = 2.63 m/s2 2.6 m/s2