Combined Loading Demonstrations

A vertical force of 40 lb is applied to the end of a bent steel tube, as shown below. The tube
contains a hollow, circular cross section with an outer diameter of 2.37 in. and an inner diameter
of 2.07 in. Points A, B, and C lie on the surface of the tube, at the locations shown. Note the
direction of the coordinate axes in the figure.

Configuration #1:
(a) Calculate the normal and shear
strains acting at points C and B.
(b) Compare the values from (a) to
the measured strains, and report
the total errors (in ).
(c) Illustrate the combined strain
state for each point on the
squares below.
x

Configuration #2:
(d) Calculate the normal and shear
strains acting at points A and B.
(e) Compare the values from (d) to
the measured strains, and report
the total errors (in ).
(f) Illustrate the combined strain
state for each point on the
squares below.
x

Solution Configuration #1:

Solution Configuration #2: