UNIVERZITET U SARAJEVU

GRAEVINSKI FAKULTET
ODSJEK ZA GEODEZIJU

PREDMET: ININJERSKA MATEMATIKA 3

ZADAA 12

Sarajevo 12.2010

Zoran Petrovi

Zadatak 1:
Metodom konanih razlika rijeiti rubni problem
u=3,
u x , y =0,
x , y ,
2
2
={ x , y x y 1} ,
1
h=
3
Rjeenje:
za vor i , j : u i1, jui 1, ju i , j1ui , j 14ui , j =h 2f
1 2
1
h 2f = 3=
3
3
Oblast je simetrina , pa je dovoljno raunati samo za prvi kvadrant.
0,0:
u 1,0u0,1 u 0,1u1,04u0,0 =
4u 0,02u 0,12u 1,0=

1
3

1
=4u 0,0 4u 0,1
3

0,1
1
3
1
u 0,04u0,1 u 0,22u 1,1=
3

u 0,2u0,0 u 1,1u1,14u0,1 =

0,2
1
3
1
0u 0,14u0,2 2u1,2 =
3

u 0,3u0,1 u 1,2u1,24u0,2 =

1,1
1
3

u1,0 u 1,2u 0,1u 2,14u 1,1=

2u 0,14u1,12u1,2 =

1
3

1,2
u1,1 u 1,3u 0,2u 2,24u 1,2=
u 0,2u1,14u1,2 =
u0,0 =

Zoran Petrovi

3
4

u 0,1=

2
3

u 0,2=

5
12

1
3

1
3

u1,1=

Zadaa 12

7
12

u 1,2=

1
3

Stranica 1

Zadatak 2:
Dati su integrali:
2

A=

ex dx
1

B=

xtan x dx

a.) Koristei opte trapezno i opte Simpsonovo pravilo izraunati integrale A i B sa tanou
=0.00005.
b.) Izraunati integrale A i B pomou Gausovih kvadraturnih formula, reda 2 i 3.
Rjeenje:
a.) i. Opte trapezno pravilo:
Integral A:
a=1, b=2
f x=ex
f ' ' x =4x 2ex 2e x
ab
M 2= f ' '
=0.73779457193305
2
2

ba3M 2
n=
=35.066
12
n36
h=

ba 1
=
n
36
35

h
A1= f x 0 f x 36 2 f x i
2
i =1
x i= x 0ih , i=0...n

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 2

i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36

xi

f(x i)

1,000000
1,027778
1,055556
1,083333
1,111111
1,138889
1,166667
1,194444
1,222222
1,250000
1,277778
1,305556
1,333333
1,361111
1,388889
1,416667
1,444444
1,472222
1,500000
1,527778
1,555556
1,583333
1,611111
1,638889
1,666667
1,694444
1,722222
1,750000
1,777778
1,805556
1,833333
1,861111
1,888889
1,916667
1,944444
1,972222
2,000000

0,367879
0,347731
0,328179
0,309248
0,290960
0,273332
0,256376
0,240101
0,224512
0,209611
0,195398
0,181868
0,169013
0,156825
0,145292
0,134399
0,124131
0,114470
0,105399
0,096897
0,088944
0,081517
0,074595
0,068156
0,062177
0,056634
0,051506
0,046771
0,042405
0,038387
0,034697
0,031313
0,028215
0,025385
0,022803
0,020452
0,018316

A10,135300
n=72
ba 1
h=
=
n
72
71

h
A2 = f x 0 f x 722 f x i
2
i=1

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 3

i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72

xi

f(xi)

1,000000
1,013889
1,027778
1,041667
1,055556
1,069444
1,083333
1,097222
1,111111
1,125000
1,138889
1,152778
1,166667
1,180556
1,194444
1,208333
1,222222
1,236111
1,250000
1,263889
1,277778
1,291667
1,305556
1,319444
1,333333
1,347222
1,361111
1,375000
1,388889
1,402778
1,416667
1,430556
1,444444
1,458333
1,472222
1,486111
1,500000
1,513889
1,527778
1,541667
1,555556
1,569444
1,583333
1,597222
1,611111
1,625000
1,638889
1,652778
1,666667
1,680556
1,694444
1,708333
1,722222
1,736111
1,750000
1,763889
1,777778
1,791667
1,805556
1,819444
1,833333
1,847222
1,861111
1,875000
1,888889
1,902778
1,916667
1,930556
1,944444
1,958333
1,972222
1,986111
2,000000

0,367879
0,357732
0,347731
0,337878
0,328179
0,318634
0,309248
0,300023
0,290960
0,282063
0,273332
0,264769
0,256376
0,248153
0,240101
0,232220
0,224512
0,216976
0,209611
0,202419
0,195398
0,188548
0,181868
0,175357
0,169013
0,162837
0,156825
0,150977
0,145292
0,139766
0,134399
0,129188
0,124131
0,119226
0,114470
0,109862
0,105399
0,101078
0,096897
0,092853
0,088944
0,085166
0,081517
0,077994
0,074595
0,071317
0,068156
0,065110
0,062177
0,059352
0,056634
0,054020
0,051506
0,049091
0,046771
0,044543
0,042405
0,040354
0,038387
0,036502
0,034697
0,032968
0,031313
0,029729
0,028215
0,026768
0,025385
0,024064
0,022803
0,021600
0,020452
0,019358
0,018316

A20,135268
A1 A2
A0,1353

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 4

Integral B:

a=
b=
6,
4
f x= xtan x
2cos x xsin x
f ' ' x=
cos x 3
ab
M 2 = f ' '
=4.77340836264294
2

n=

ba 3M 2
=11.94790084035262
12
n12

h=

ba
=0.021911747619712
n
11

h
B= f x 0 f x 12 2 f x i
2
i =1
x i=x 0ih , i=0...n
i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

xi

f(x i)

0,523599
0,545415
0,567232
0,589049
0,610865
0,632682
0,654498
0,676315
0,698132
0,719948
0,741765
0,763582
0,785398

0,302300
0,330966
0,361367
0,393590
0,427732
0,463902
0,502214
0,542800
0,585802
0,631378
0,679702
0,730970
0,785398

B10,135138
n=24
ba
h=
=0,010908
n
23

h
B2 = f x 0 f x 242 f xi
2
i=1

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 5

i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

xi

f(x i)

0,523599
0,534507
0,545415
0,556324
0,567232
0,578140
0,589049
0,599957
0,610865
0,621774
0,632682
0,643590
0,654498
0,665407
0,676315
0,687223
0,698132
0,709040
0,719948
0,730857
0,741765
0,752673
0,763582
0,774490
0,785398

0,302300
0,316421
0,330966
0,345944
0,361367
0,377244
0,393590
0,410415
0,427732
0,445557
0,463902
0,482782
0,502214
0,522215
0,542800
0,563990
0,585802
0,608258
0,631378
0,655185
0,679702
0,704955
0,730970
0,757775
0,785398

B20,135100
B1 B2
B0,1351

a.) ii. Simpsonovo pravilo:

Integral A:
a=1, b=2
f x=ex
f ' ' ' ' x =16x 4e x 48x 2e x 12e x
ab
M 4= f ' ' ' '
=1.580988368427965
2
4 baM 4
n=ba
=3.640588067797857
180
n4
2

h=

ba 1
=
n
4
1

h
A1= f x 0 f x 4 2 f x 2i 4 f x 2i1
3
i=1
i =1
x i= x 0ih , i=0...n
i
0
1
2
3
4

Zoran Petrovi

xi
1,000000
1,250000
1,500000
1,750000
2,000000

f(x i)
0,367879
0,209611
0,105399
0,046771
0,018316

Zadaa 12

Stranica 6

A10,135210
n=8
ba 1
h=
=
n
8
3

h
A2 = f x 0 f x8 2 f x 2i 4 f x 2i1
3
i=1
i=1

i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

xi

f(x i)

1,000000
1,125000
1,250000
1,375000
1,500000
1,625000
1,750000
1,875000
2,000000

0,367879
0,282063
0,209611
0,150977
0,105399
0,071317
0,046771
0,029729
0,018316

A20,135254
A1 A2
A0,1352
Integral B :

a= , b=
6
4
f x =xtan x
f ' ' ' ' x=8xsec x 2tan x 316sec x 2tan x 216xsec x4tan x8sec x 4
ab
M 4= f ' ' ' '
=59.20340303524299
2
4 baM 4
n=ba
=1.686501856759905
180
n2

h=

ba
=0.15523219660257
n
1

h
B1= f x 0 f x 2 4 f x 2i1
3
i=1
x i= x 0ih , i=0...n
i
0
1
2

Zoran Petrovi

xi
0,523599
0,654498
0,785398

f(x i)
0,302300
0,502214
0,785398

Zadaa 12

Stranica 7

B10,135113
n=4
ba
h=
=0,130900
n
1

h
B2 = f x 0 f x 4 2 f x 2i 4 f x 2i1
3
i =1
i=1

i
0
1
2
3
4

b.) Gausove kvadraturne formule:

xi
0,523599
0,589049
0,654498
0,719948
0,785398

f(x i)
0,302300
0,393590
0,502214
0,631378
0,785398

B20,135088
B1 B2
B0,1351
Integral A:
a=1, b=2
f x =ex
ba
ba
ti =
x i
, i=1...n
2
2
2

kvadraturna formula reda 2n=2:

1
x 1=
, t =1.211324865405187
3 1
1
x 2=
, t =1.7886751345948137
3 2
ba
A=
f t 1 f t 2 0.1357
2
kvadraturna formula reda 3n=3:
3
x 1=
, t =1.112701665379258
5 1
x 2=0, t 2 =1.5
3
x 3=
, t =1.887298334620742
5 3
ba 5
8
5
A=
f t 1 f t 2 f t 30.1353
2
9
9
9

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 8

Integral B:

a= , b=
6
4
f x= xtan x
ba
ba
t i=
x i
, i=1...n
2
2
kvadraturna formula reda 2 n=2:
1
x 1=
, t 1=0.57892349598811
3
1
x 2=
, t 2=0.73007344300763
3
ba
B=
f t 1 f t 2 0.1351
2
kvadraturna formula reda 3 n=3 :
3
x 1=
, t =0.55310400259853
5 1
x 2=0, t 2=0.65449846949787
3
x 3=
, t =0.75589293639721
5 3
ba 5
8
5
B=
f t 1 f t 2 f t 3 0.1351
2
9
9
9

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 9

Zadatak 3:
Koristei opte Simpsonovo i opte trapezno pravilo, izraunati obim elipse:
x2 y2
=1
2 3
sa tanou =0.005.
Rjeenje:
x=acost , x= 2cos t , x = 2sin t
y=bsin t , y= 3sin t , y = 3cost

l = x y dt= 2sin t 3cos t dt

2

O =4l

Simpsonovo pravilo:

2
2
2
f x = 2sint 3cos t
a=0, b=

4sin x
4cos x

2
2
2sin x 3cos x 2sin x23cos x2
3sin x4
22cos x2sin x 2

3
3


2
2 2
2
2 2
2sin x 3cos x
2sin x 3cos x
4
2
4
3cos x
18cos x sin x

3
5


2
2 2
2
2 2
2sin x 3cos x
2sin x 3cos x
4
2
18cos x sin x
15cos x 4sin x4

5
7


2
2 2
2sin x 3cos x
2sin x23cos x 2 2

f ' ' ' ' x=

ab
=0.97398151933186
2
4 ba M 4
n=ba
=1.793605380472007
180
n2
M 4= f ' ' ' '

h=

ba
=0.78539816339745
n
1

h
l 1= f x0 f x 24 f x 2i 1
3
i=1
xi =x 0ih , i=0...n
i
0
1
2

Zoran Petrovi

xi
0,000000
0,785398
1,570796

f(x i)
1,732051
1,581139
1,414214

Zadaa 12

Stranica 10

l 12,479455
n=4
ba
h=
=0,392699
n
1

h
l 2= f x 0 f x 4 2 f x 2i 4 f x 2i1
3
i=1
i=1
i
0
1
2
3
4

xi
0,000000
0,392699
0,785398
1,178097
1,570796

f(x i)
1,732051
1,689246
1,581139
1,465076
1,414214

l 22,477385
l 1l 2
l2,48
O=4l=9,92
Opte trapezno pravilo:

2
2
f x = 2sint 3cos t2
a=0, b=

f ' ' x =

sin x 2
cos x 2

2sin x 23cos x 2 2sin x 2 3cos x 2

M 2 = f ' '

cos x 2sin x 2
2

3
2 2

2sin x 3cos x

ab
=0.063245553203368
2
3

ba M 2
n=
=2.021246068550205
12
n3
h=

ba
=
n
6

h
l 1= f x 0 f x 3 2 f x i
2
i =1
x i =x 0ih , i=0...n
i
0
1
2
3

xi
0,000000
0,523599
1,047198
1,570796

f(x i)
1,732051
1,658312
1,500000
1,414214

l 12.477379
n=6
ba
h=
=0.523599
n
5

h
l 2= f x 0 f x 6 f x i
2
i=1

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 11

i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6

xi
0,000000
0,261799
0,523599
0,785398
1,047198
1,308997
1,570796

f(x i)
1,732051
1,712604
1,658312
1,581139
1,500000
1,437702
1,414214

l 22.477379
l 1l 2
l2,48
O=4l=9,92

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 12

Zadatak 4:
Rijeiti diferencijalne jednaine (Koijeve probleme):
A : y ' xy=xy 2 , y 0=2, x[0,1]
B : y ' =x 2 y 2 , y 1=0, x [1,2]
a.) Ojlerovom metodom, h=0.1.
b.) Poboljanom Ojlerovom metodom, h=0.2.
c.) RK metodom, h=0.2.
Rjeenje:
a. A.)
x x0
n=
=10
h
x i= x 0ih
yi = y i1hf x i1 , y i1
x 1=0.1 y 1 0.1=2.0
x 2=0.2 y 2 0.2=2.02
x 3=0.3 y 3 0.3=2.061208
x 4 =0.4 y 4 0.4=2.1268291
x 5=0.5 y 5 0.5=2.222692
x 6=0.6 y 6 0.6=2.3585754
x 7=0.7 y7 0.7=2.5508336
x 8=0.8 y 8 0.8=2.8277479
x 9=0.9 y9 0.9=3.2412207
x 10=1.0 y 10 1.0=3.8950068
a. B.)

xx 0
=10
h
xi =x 0ih
y i= y i1h f xi 1 , y i 1
x 1=1.1 y 1 1.1=0.1
x 2=1.2 y 2 1.2=0.222
x 3=1.3 y 3 1.3=0.370928
x 4 =1.4 y 4 1.4=0.553687
x 5=1.5 y 5 1.5=0.780344
x 6=1.6 y 6 1.6=1.0662378
x 7=1.7 y 7 1.7=1.4359241
x 8=1.8 y 8 1.8=1.931112
x 9=1.9 y 9 1.9=2.6280313
x 10 =2.0 y 10 2.0=3.6796862
n=

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 13

b. A.)

x x 0
=5
h
x i= x 0ih
Ai = y i1hf x i1 , y i1
h
y i= y i1 f x i1 , y i1 f x i1h , Ai
2
x 1=0.2 y1 0.2=2.04
x 2=0.4 y 2 0.4=2.1780393
x 3=0.6 y 3 0.6=2.4784821
x 4 =0.8 y 4 0.8=3.1461645
x 5=1.0 y 5 1.0=5.0500302
n=

b. B.)

x x 0
=5
h
x i= x 0ih
Ai = y i1h f x i1 , y i1
h
y i= y i1 f x i1 , y i1 f x i1h , Ai
2
x 1=1.2 y 1 1.2=0.248
x 2=1.4 y 2 1.4=0.624214
x 3=1.6 y 3 1.6=1.2348928
x 4 =1.8 y 4 1.8=2.388412
x 5=2.0 y 5 2.0=5.4278587
n=

c. A.)

xx 0
=5
h
x i =x 0ih
k 1=h f x i 1 , y i 1
k
h
k 2=h f x i1 , y i1 1
2
2
k
h
k 3=h f x i 1 , yi 1 2
2
2
k 4 =h f x i1h , y i1k 3
n=

x 1=0.2
x 2=0.4
x 3=0.6
x 4 =0.8
x 5=1.0

Zoran Petrovi

1
y i = y i1 k 12k 22k 3k 4
6
k1=0 k2=0.04 k3=0.04121 k4=0.08501 y 1 0.2=2.04124
k1=0.08502 k2=0.1355 k3=0.1403 k4=0.2062 y 2 0.4=2.18172
k1=0.2063 k2=0.2936 k3=0.3093 k4=0.4457 y 3 0.6=2.49135
k1=0.4459 k2=0.6514 k3=0.7166 k4=1.1333 y 4 0.8=3.21056
k1=1.13554 k2=1.88954 k3=2.36006 k4=5.09225 y5 1.0=5.66506

Zadaa 12

Stranica 14

c. B.)

xx 0
=5
h
xi =x 0ih
k 1=h f xi 1 , yi 1
k
h
k 2 =h f x i1 , y i1 1
2
2
k
h
k 3=h f xi 1 , y i1 2
2
2
k 4=hf x i1h , y i1k 3
n=

1
yi = y i1 k 12k 22k 3k 4
6
x 1=1.2 k1=0.2 k2=0.244 k3=0.245 k4=0.3 y1 1.2=0.2463
x 2=1.4 k1=0.3001 k2=0.3694 k3=0.3752 k4=0.4692 y 2 1.4=0.6228
x 3=1.6 k1=0.4696 k2=0.5971 k3=0.6198 k4=0.8208 y 3 1.6=1.24342
x 4 =1.8 k1=0.8212 k2=1.12516 k3=1.23032 k4=1.87188 y 4 1.8=2.47742
x 5=2.0 k1=1.87553 k2=3.0547 k3=3.92965 k4=9.01011 y 5 2.0 =6.61981

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 15

Zadatak 5:
RK metodom rijeiti sljedee Koijeve probleme:
a. y ' '5y ' 6y=0, y 0=0, y ' 0=1
x [0,0.4] , h=0.2
b. y ' '=2 y , y 0=2, y ' 0=1
x [0,0.2] , h=0.1
c. y ' =x2yz , y 0=2
z ' =x2y3z , z 0=2
x [0,0.4] , h=0.2
Rjeenje:
a.)

y ' ' =5y ' 6y

z 0 x = y x
z 1 x = y ' x
z 1 ' x = y ' ' x =5z 1 x 6z 0 x
y ' x =z 1 x
z 1 ' x =5z 1 x6z 0 x

f 1 x , y1, y 2 = y 1 ' = y 2, y 1 0=0

f 2 x , y 1, y 2 = y 2 ' =5y 2 x 6y1 x , y 2 0=1

x 1,1=0.2
x 1,2=0.2
x 2,1 =0.4
x 2,2 =0.4

k 11=h f 1 x , y 1, y 2 ,
k 12=h f 2 x , y 1, y 2 ,
k
k
h
k 21=hf 1 x , y 1 11 , y 2 12 ,
2
2
2
k 11
k 12
h
k 22=h f 2 x , y 1
, y 2 ,
2
2
2
k
k
h
k 31=h f 1 x , y 1 21 , y 2 22 ,
2
2
2
k
k
h
k 32=h f 2 x , y 1 21 , y 2 22 ,
2
2
2
k 41=h f 1 xh , y 1k 31, y 2k 32 ,
k 42=h f 2 xh , y 1k 31, y 2k 32 ,
1
y i ,1= y i 1,1 k 112k 212k 31k 41 ,
6
1
y i ,2= yi 1,2 k 122k 222k 32k 42
6
x x 1,0
n=
=2
h
x i=x 0 ih
k 11=0.2 k 21=0.3 k 31=0.338 k 41=0.502 y 1,1 0.2=0.329667
k 12=1.0 k 22=1.38 k 32=1.51 k 42=2.1044 y 1,2 0.2=2.4807333
k 11=0.496147 k 21=0.70466 k 31=0.779148 k 41=1.1116153 y 2,1 0.4=1.0922296
k 12=2.0851333 k 22=2.830012 k 32=3.0773433 k 42=4.2274992 y 2,2 0.4=5.5019572

b.)
Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 16

y ' ' =2 y
z 0 x = y x
z 1 x= y ' x
z 1 ' x = y ' ' x =2 y
y ' x =z 1 x
z 1 ' x=2 z 0 x
f 1 x , y 1, y 2 = y 1 '= y 2, y 1 0=2
f 2 x , y 1, y 2 = y 2 ' =2 y1 , y 2 0=1

x 1,1=0.1
x 1,2=0.1
x 2,1 =0.2
x 2,2 =0.2

c.)

Zoran Petrovi

k 11=h f 1 x , y 1, y 2 ,
k 12=h f 2 x , y 1, y 2 ,
k
k
h
k 21=hf 1 x , y 1 11 , y 2 12 ,
2
2
2
k
k
h
k 22=h f 2 x , y 1 11 , y 2 12 ,
2
2
2
k
k
h
k 31=h f 1 x , y 1 21 , y 2 22 ,
2
2
2
k
k
h
k 32=h f 2 x , y 1 21 , y 2 22 ,
2
2
2
k 41=h f 1 xh , y 1k 31, y 2k 32 ,
k 42=h f 2 xh , y 1k 31, y 2k 32 ,
1
y i ,1= y i 1,1 k 112k 212k 31k 41 ,
6
1
y i ,2= yi 1,2 k 122k 222k 32k 42
6
x x 1,0
n=
=2
h
x i= x 0ih
k 11=0.1 k 21=0.1 k 31=0.09975 k 41=0.0995 y 1,1 0.1=1.9001667
k 12=0 k 22=0.005 k 32 =0.005 k 42=0.009975 y 1,2 0.1=0.995004
k 11=0.0995004 k 21=0.0990012 k 31=0.0987525 k 41=0.0980071
y 2,1 0.2=1.8013308
k 12=0.00998333 k 22=0.0149584 k 32 =0.0149334 k 42 =0.0198586
y 2,2 0.2=0.980067

y 1 ' =x2y 1 y 2, y 1 0=2

y 2 ' =x2y 13y 2, y 2 0=2

Zadaa 12

Stranica 17

x 1,1=0.2
x 1,2=0.2
x 2,1 =0.4
x 2,2 =0.4

Zoran Petrovi

k 11=h f 1 x , y 1, y 2 ,
k 12=h f 2 x , y 1, y 2 ,
k
k
h
k 21=hf 1 x , y 1 11 , y 2 12 ,
2
2
2
k
k
h
k 22=h f 2 x , y 1 11 , y 2 12 ,
2
2
2
k
k
h
k 31=h f 1 x , y 1 21 , y 2 22 ,
2
2
2
k
k
h
k 32=h f 2 x , y 1 21 , y 2 22 ,
2
2
2
k 41=h f 1 xh , y 1k 31, y 2k 32 ,
k 42=h f 2 xh , y 1k 31, y 2k 32 ,
1
y i ,1= y i 1,1 k 112k 212k 31k 41 ,
6
1
y i ,2= yi 1,2 k 122k 222k 32k 42
6
xx 1,0
n=
=2
h
x i =x 0ih
k 11=0.4 k 21=0.42 k 31=0.422 k 41=0.4444 y1,1 0.2=2.4214
k 12=0.4 k 22=0.42 k 32=0.422 k 42=0.4444 y 1,2 0.2=2.4214
k 11=0.44428 k 21=0.468708 k 31=0.471151 k 41=0.49851 y 2,1 0.4=2.891818
k 12=0.44428 k 22=0.468708 k 32=0.471151 k 42=0.49851
y 2,2 0.4=2.891818

Zadaa 12

Stranica 18

Zadatak 6:
Metodom konanih elemenata rijeiti sljedee rubne probleme:
1
a. y ' '=3x , y 0=0, y ' 1=2, x=h=
3
b. y ' 'xy=0, y 0=1, y ' 1=0, x=h=0.25
c. y ' ' 4y3=0, y ' 0=1, y ' 0.6=1, x=h=0.2
Rjeenje:
a.)
y ' 'qy= f
za vor
q j1x2
q j1q j
q j x 2
f j1 f j
2
y j21
2y j 11
x y j1
=
x 2
6
6
6
2
za rubove
q1 x2
q1x2
f 1x2
y 01
y 11
=
y ' a x
3
6
2
q nx 2
qn x 2
f nx2
y n11
y n1
=
y ' bx
6
3
2
a=0 b=1
[a , b]=[0,1]
1 1 2 2
[0, ][ , ][ ,1]
3 3 3 3
q=0, f =3x
2y1 y 2=0.16666667
y 12y 2 y 3=0.27777778
y 2 y 3=0.83333333
y 1=1.277777778
y 2=2.388888886
y 3=3.222222216
b.)
y ' 'qy= f
za vor
q j1x2
q j1q j
q j x 2
f j1 f j
y j21
2y j 11
x 2 y j1
=
x 2
6
6
6
2
za rubove
q1 x2
q1x2
f 1x2
y 01
y 11
=
y ' a x
3
6
2
q nx 2
qn x 2
f nx2
y n11
y n1
=
y ' bx
6
3
2

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 19

a=0 b=1
[a , b]=[ 0,1]
[0,0.25][0.25,0.50] [0.50,0.75][0.75,1.00]
q=x , f =0x
1.984375y 11.005208333y 2 =1.002604167
1.00520833y 11.973958333y 21.0078125y 3=0
1.0078125y 21.963541667y 31.010416667y 4=0
1.01041667y 30.979166667y 4=0
y 1=1.21633329109
y 2 =1.40374603073
y 3=1.53626574241
y 4=1.58529550484
c.)
y ' 'qy= f
za vor
q j1x2
q j1q j
q j x 2
f j1 f j
y j21
2y j 11
x 2 y j1
=
x 2
6
6
6
2
za rubove
q1 x2
q1x2
f 1x2
y 01
y 11
=
y ' a x
3
6
2
q nx 2
qn x 2
f nx2
y n11
y n1
=
y ' bx
6
3
2
a=0 b=0.6
[ a , b]=[0,1]
[0,0.20][0.20,0.40 ][0.40,0.60]
q=4, f =3x
1.05333333y 00.97333333y 1=0.14
0.97333333y 02.10666667y 10.97333333y 2=0.12
0.97333333y 12.10666667y 20.97333333y 3=0.12
0.97333333y 2 1.0533333y 3=0.26
y 0=0.481811074641
y 1=0.665247601952
y 2=0.834752235001
y 3=1.01818875092

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 20

Zadatak 7:
Metodom konanih razlika rijeiti sljedee rubne probleme:
a. u = y , x , y=[ 0,1][0,1]
u x ,0= x 3 , u x ,1=x 3 , x[0,1]
u 0, y =0, u 1, y =1, y[0,1]
h=0.2
b. u=4, x , y ={ x , y x 2 y 21}
u x , y =0, x , y
1
h=
3
Rjeenje:

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 21

a.)

0u 420.008u 314u 41=h 0.8

u 41u 430.064u 324u 42=h 20.8
u 42u 440.216u 334u 43=h 20.8
u4310.512u34 4u 44=h 20.8
0u 32 u 41u 214u 31=h 20.6
u 31u 33u 42u 224u 32=h 20.6
u 32u 34u 43u 234u 33=h 20.6
u 33 1u44u 244u 34=h 20.6
0u 22 u 31u 114u 21=h20.4
u 21u 23u 32u 124u 22=h 20.4
u 22u 24u 33u 134u 23=h 20.4
u 23 1u34u144u24=h20.4
0u 12u 210.0084u11=h20.2
u 11u 13u 220.0644u 12=h20.2
u 12u 14u 230.2164u 13=h20.2
u131u 240.5124u14=h20.2
u11 =0.0645152, u12 =0.172303, u 13=0.354848, u 14=0.632879,
u 21 =0.0857576, u 22 =0.213848, u 23=0.406212, u24=0.672667,
u 31 =0.0806667, u 32 =0.207121, u 33=0.399485, u 34=0.667576,
u 41=0.0537879, u 42=0.158485, u 43 =0.34103, u44=0.622152

Zoran Petrovi

Zadaa 12

Stranica 22

b.)
za vor i , j : u i1, jui 1, ju i , j1ui , j 14ui , j =h 2f
1 2
4
h2 f = 4=
3
9
Oblast je simetrina , pa je dovoljno raunati samo za prvi kvadrant.
0,0:
u1,0 u 0,1u0,1 u1,0 4u 0,0=
4u0,0 2u0,1 2u1,0 =

4
9

4
=4u 0,04u 0,1
9

0,1
4
9
4
u0,0 4u 0,1u 0,22u1,1=
9

u 0,2u 0,0u1,1 u1,14u 0,1=

0,2
4
9
4
0u0,1 4u 0,22u 1,2=
9

u 0,3u 0,1u1,2 u1,2 4u 0,2=

1,1
4
9
4
2u 0,14u 1,12u 1,2=
9

u 1,0u1,2 u 0,1u 2,1 4u1,1 =

1,2
u 1,1u1,3 u 0,2u 2,24u1,2 =
u 0,2u 1,14u 1,2=
u 0,0=1

Zoran Petrovi

u0,1 =

8
9

u 0,2=

5
9

4
9

4
9

u 1,1=

Zadaa 12

7
9

u1,2 =

4
9

Stranica 23