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Problem 6.4: Determine The Axial Forces in The Mem-Bers of The Truss
Problem 6.4: Determine The Axial Forces in The Mem-Bers of The Truss
A
0.3 m
2 kN
0.4 m
C
1.2 m
0.6 m
A
0.3 m
BY
A
2 kN
0.3 m
0.4 m
BX
0.4 m
0.6 m
0.6 m
tan =
Fx :
Bx + 2 kN = 0
Fy :
B y + Cy = 0
MB :
7
12
Solving, Bx = 2 kN Cy = 1 kN By = 1 kN
Joint B:
BY (1 kN)
1.2 m
1.2 m
CY
+
2 kN
Fx = BC cos + AC cos = 0
Fy = BC sin + AC sin + 1 = 0
We have
AB = 2.839 kN (T )
BC = 0.961 kN (C)
AC = 0.926 kN (C)
AB
BX (2 kN)
18
2 kN
BC
Fx :
AB cos + BC cos 2 = 0
Fy :
AB sin BC sin 1 = 0
AB
12
1 kN
AC
AC
BC
Fx :
AB cos AC cos + 2 = 0
Fy :
AB sin AC sin = 0
8 kN
14 kN
C
H
300 mm
Solution: First, solve for the support reactions and then use the
method of joints to solve for the reactions in the members.
8 kN
B
400 mm
14 kN
0.4 m
0.4 m
0.4 m
+
FY
300 mm
B
Fx :
Bx = 0
Fy :
By + Fy 8 14 = 0 (kN)
MB :
400 mm
14 kN
BY
400 mm
8 kN
0.8 m
400 mm
0.4 m
0.3 m
BX
400 mm
D
400 mm
400 mm
Fx :
BC = 0
Fy :
AC + CE = 0
400 mm
BC = 0,
Solving, we get
CE = 10.67 kN (T )
Joint B:
y
y
8 kN
BE
AB
BC
AB
AC
BD
BY
Fx = AC + AB cos = 0
We know AB = 13.33 kN BC = 0 By = 5.00 kN.
We know 3 of the 5 forces at B Hence, we can solve for the other two.
BD + BE cos AB cos = 0
Fx :
Fy :
BC + By + BE sin + AB sin = 0
Fy = 8 AB sin = 0
BE = 5.00 kN (T )
AC
CE
x
BC
[AC = 10.67 kN (T )]
Thus
BC = 0, BD = 14.67 kN (C)
BE
=
5.00 kN (T )
Problem 6.17 Determine the axial forces in the members in terms of the weight W .
1m
A
D
1m
C
0.8 m
From the solution to Problem 6.17, the largest tensile force is in member AB, AB = 1.28W (T ), from which
6
W = 1.28
= 4.69 kN is the maximum safe load for tension.
The largest compressive forces occur in members DE and CD,
is the largest safe load for compression.
CD = DE = 1.28W (C) , BD = 0
Joint B:
Fx = BE AB sin BD sin = 0,
from which AB =
BE
sin
= 1.28W (T )
Fy = AB cos BC = 0,
Fy = BE DE sin = 0,
0.8 m
0.8 m
2
1.28
= 1.56 kN
1m
1m
1m
E
1m
C
D
m
1m
AB
Fx
DF
= EF = 0,
2
1m
1m
1m
E
1m
C
D
m
1m
from which EF = W (T ).
Joint E:
CE
Fx = + EF = 0
2
from which CE = 2W (T ).
EF
W
Joint F
CE
CD
CE
Fy = ED = 0,
2
AC
DF
BD
FY = ED + = 0,
2
2
from which CD = W (T )
Joint C:
AC
CE
Fx = + + CD = 0,
2
2
from which AC = 2 2W (T )
CE
DF
Joint D:
ED
AC
CE
Fy = + BC = 0,
2
2
BC
Joint C
EF
ED
Joint E
BC BD
AB
CD
DF
BD
Joint D
B
Joint B
Joint B:
BD
Fx = AB + = 0,
2
from which AB = 2W (C)
This completes the determination of the axial forces in
all nine members. The
maximum tensile force occurs inmember AC, AC = 2 2W (T ), from which
4
the safe load is W =
= 2 = 1.414 kN. The maximum compression
2 2
load is W =
= 0.3536 kN. The largest mass m that can be safely
2
supported is m =
2
353.6
9.81
= 36.0 kg
800 lb
600 lb
600 lb
D
400 lb
400 lb
C
E
8 ft
G
H
4 ft
4 ft
4 ft
4 ft
4 ft
800 lb
600 lb
400 lb
600 lb
8 ft
400 lb
F
A
H
4 ft
4 ft
4 ft
8
= 5.3333 ft,
12
4 ft
4 ft
4 ft
800 lb
600 lb
400 lb
600 lb
400 lb
G
4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 4 ft 4 ft
AB
1400 lb
AH
Joint A
BI
Pitch
BH
Pitch
CI
HI
IJ
Joint I
AH
HI
400 lb
Pitch
AB
Joint H
600 lb
CD
Pitch
IJC
BC CI
CJ
Joint C
4 ft
Fx = AB cos Pitch + AH = 0,
Joint H:
Fy = BH = 0, or, BH = 0.
Fx = AH + HI = 0,
from which HI = 2100 lb (T )
Joint B:
Fx = AB cos Pitch + BC cos Pitch
+BI cos Pitch = 0,
from which BC + BI = AB
BC
Pitch
BH BI
Joint B
6.26 Contd.
from which BC BI = AB +
400
.
sin Pitch
BI =
400
= 360.56 lb (C),
2 sin Pitch
BC = AB BI = 2163.3 lb (C)
and
Joint I:
Fx = BI cos Pitch HI + IJ = 0,
and
CD = 1682.57 lb (C)
1m
J
100 kN
Solution:
DJ
1m
45
J
HJ
1m
1m
1m
J
1m
100 kN
100 kN
Fx :
HJ DJ cos 45 = 0
Fy :
DJ sin 45 100 = 0
Solving
Fx :
CD DG cos 45 + DJ cos 45 = 0
Fy :
DG sin 45 DJ sin 45 DH = 0
Solving, CD = 200 kN
DG = 141.4 kN (C)
DJ = 141.4 kN (T )
HJ = 100 kN (C)
CD
D
Joint H:
45
1m
DG
DH
J
HJ
GH
GH
1m
Fx :
HJ GH = 0
Fy :
DH = 0
DH = 0,
GH = 100 kN (C)
Joint D
CD
D
x
45
45
Fx :
CD DG cos 45 GH = 0
Fy :
DG sin 45 100 = 0
MD :
(1)GH (1)(100) = 0
DJ
DH
DG
100 kN
Problem 6.36 For the Howe and Pratt trusses in Problem 6.35, determine the axial force in member HI.
Solution: Howe Section: From the Howe truss section, we see
that if we sum moments about C, we get one equation in one unknown, i.e.,
MC = 2LEY 2LF LTHIHowe = 0,
or THIHowe = 3.5F (tension).
C TCD D
TCI
I
2F
EY
H THI
Pratt Section: From the Pratt truss section we see that summing moments about D is advantageous. Hence,
MD = LEY LTHIPratt = 0
or
HOWE
TCD
THD I
H THI
EY
2F
PRATT
L
A
Solution:
AX
L
F
AY
HY
F = 340 kN, L = 8 M
+
Solving:
Fx :
Ax = 0
Fy :
Ay 5F + Hy = 0
MA :
F = 340 kN
Ay = 850 kN
Ay = 850 kN
Hy = 850 kN
Note the symmetry:
Method of sections to nd axial force in member JK.
C
I
L
CD
CD + JK + CK cos = 0
Fy :
Ay 2F CK sin = 0
MC :
Also,
CK = 240.4 kN (T )
CD = 1530 kN (C)
J
K
AY
F
+
Fx :
Solving, JK = 1360 kN (T )
D
CK
L = 8M
Ax = 0,
= 45
JK
1m
1m
1m
E
1m
C
D
m
1m
AB
Solution: First, nd the support reactions using the rst free body
diagram. Then use the section shown in the second free body diagram
to determine the forces in the three members.
Support Reactions: Equilibrium equations are
Fx = AX = 0,
Fy = AY + BY mg = 0,
1m
1m
120 g
1m
AX
B
BY
AY
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
TCE
C
1m
E
1m
TCD
TBD
B
AX
BY
AY
1m
1m
E
1m
1m
1m
TAC
TBC
AX
AY
BY
D
TBD
10 kip
A
4 ft
10 kip
C
B
4 ft
E
4 ft
G
4 ft
I
12 ft
Solution:
= tan1
10 kip
A
4 ft
10 kip
4 ft
E
4 ft
G
4 ft
I
12 ft
F = 10 kip
F = 10 kip
Fx = EF cos + EG cos + 20 = 0,
DF
EF
EG
y
From the solution to Problem 6.55: E =
,
3
3
F
Gy = F A, and A = 5 F . Back substituting, E = 5 or
F = 5E, from which, for E = 10 kN, F = 50 kN
Solution:
Problem 6.57 The hydraulic actuator BD exerts a 6kN force on member ABC. The force is parallel to BD,
and the actuator is in compression. Determine the forces
on member ABC, presenting your answers as shown in
Fig. 6.35.
0.5 m
0.5 m
0.5 m
0.5 m
D
0.5 m
C
AY
0.5 m
AX
B
0.5
m
45
0.5
m
2.12 kN
4.24
kN
45
2.12 kN
6 kN
6 in
D
6 in
A
C
300 lb
8 in
8 in
(1)
6 in
D
6 in
8 in
Cy
Cx
300 lb
6 in
D
6 in
6 in
A
C
300 lb
8 in
6 in
D
A
B
8 in
8 in
(a)
8 in
(b)
Gy
(a) 12 in
Gx
Ax
Ax
8 in
(2)
G
Ay
8 in
8 in
(b)
C
300 lb
ments about E:
ME = 16Gy = 0,
then
Gy
Ay
Gx
16 in
300 lb
Ey
Ex
C
300 lb
C
2 ft
3 ft
W
3 ft
3 ft
Solution: Assume that a tong half will carry half the weight, and
denote the vertical reaction to the weight at A by R. The complete
structure as a free body: The sum of the forces:
Fy = R W = 0,
from which R = W
3 ft
Tong-Half ACD:
2 ft
(3)
(4)
(2)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
3 ft
3 ft
3 ft
W
= 0.
Fy = Dy Cy
2
Ay
R
2
R
2
Ay
Ax
Ax
By
Cy
Bx
Dy
Cx
Dy
Bx
Cx
Dx
By
Dx
Cy
P
W
2
W
2
100
mm
100
mm
B
30
100
mm
100
mm
cos(30)
B
30
100 N
75
mm
40 mm
C 55 mm
B
D
90 mm
60 mm 65 mm
300 mm
100 N
100 N
90 mm 60 mm 65 mm
300 mm
40 mm
55 mm
75 mm
A
BX
BY
90 mm
60 mm 65 mm
AY
AX
300 mm
CY
40 mm
75 mm
90 mm
C
55 mm X
60 mm 65 mm
300 mm
BY
DX
B
BX
100 N
100 N
AY
AX
40 mm
C 55 mm
B
D
75
mm
D
DY
60 mm 65 mm
300 mm
100 N
CY
C
DX
D
DY
CX