ROOF BEAM STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD

DESIGN CRITERIA
DESCRIPTION VALUE UNIT
fc' 21 Mpa
fy 230 Mpa
Mu 13.324 kN.m
b 250 mm
h 300 mm
d 242 mm
Cc 40 mm
db 16 mm

Table 422.2.2.4.3
Values of β1 for Equivalent Rectangular
Concrete Stress Distribution

fc' β1
17 ≤ fc' ≤ 28 0.85
0.05 (𝑓𝑐′ − 28)
28 < fc' < 55 0.85 −
7
fc' ≥ 55 0.65
DETERMINING WHETHER IT IS A SINGLY OR DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM

800 − 𝑓𝑦
𝜑 = 0.65 + 0.25
1000 − 𝑓𝑦

800 − 230
= 0.65 + 0.25
1000 − 230

𝝋 = 0.835

From Table 422.2.2.4.3,

𝜷𝟏 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓

Solving for Mnmax,

51 3
𝜑𝑀𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜑 𝛽1 𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏 𝑑2 1 − 𝛽1
140 14
51 3
= (0.835) (0.85)(21)(250)(242)2 1 − 0.85
140 14

𝝋𝑴𝒏𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝟔𝟓. 𝟎𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

φ Mnmax > Mu = 13.324 kN-m

Therefore, design as Singly Reinforced Beam

DETERMINING THE TYPE OF FAILURE AND STRAIN LIMIT

459 3
𝜑𝑀𝑛𝑡 = 𝛽 𝑓 ′ 𝑏 𝑑2 1− 𝛽
1600 1 𝑐 16 1

459 3
= (0.85)(21)(250)(242)2 1 − 0.85
1600 16

𝝋𝑴𝒏𝒕 = 𝟔𝟑. 𝟎𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑵. 𝒎

φ Mnt > Mu = 13.324 kN-m

Therefore, Tension - Controlled Section

Thus, φ = 0.90
 DETERMINING THE AREA OF TENSION REINFORCEMENT

𝑀𝑢 = 𝜑𝑅𝑛 𝑏𝑑2

13.324 × 106 = (0.90)𝑅𝑛 (250)(242)2

𝑹𝒏 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟒

𝑓𝑐 ′ 2 𝑅𝑛
𝜌 = 0.85 1− 1−
𝑓𝑦 0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′

21 2 (1.004)
= 0.85 1− 1−
230 0.85 (21)

𝝆 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟗𝟕

ρmin shall be greater of (a) or (b)

0.85 𝑓𝑐 ′ 0.85 21
(a) 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = =
𝑓𝑦 230

𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟗𝟖𝟏

1.4 1.4
(b) 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = =
𝑓𝑦 230
𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎6087

Note: If ρmin > ρ, use ρmin

If ρmin < ρ, use ρ

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.006087 > 𝜌 = 0.004497

Therefore, use ρmin = 0.006087

𝐴𝑠 = 𝜌𝑏𝑑
= (0.006087)(250)(242)

𝑨𝒔 = 𝟑𝟔𝟖. 𝟐𝟔𝟏 𝒎𝒎𝟐

 DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT

𝐴𝑠
𝑁=
𝐴𝑏
𝐴𝑠
= 𝜋
2
4 𝑑𝑏
368.261
= 𝜋
2
4 (16)

𝑵 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟑𝟐 say 2 pieces of tension bars

Checking :

𝑏𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 2𝐶𝑐 − 2𝑑𝑠 − 𝑛𝑑𝑏

𝑆𝑐 =
𝑛−1

let n = 2

250 − 2(40) − 2(10) − 2(16)

𝑆𝑐 =
2−1

𝑺𝒄 = 𝟏𝟏𝟖 𝒎𝒎 > 𝟐𝟓 𝒎𝒎 ok!

SECTION OF RECOMMENDED BEAM DESIGN

AT NEAR SUPPORT
TOP 2 - 16 mm Ø Tension Bars
BOTTOM 2 - 16 mm Ø Tension Bars

AT MIDSPAN
TOP 2 - 16 mm Ø Tension Bars
BOTTOM 2 - 16 mm Ø Tension Bars