MADE BY -: Harshita Goyal

CLA
SS -: XII

B
OARD ROLL NO. -: 5663805

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that KASHIF KHAN of class XII-A has
completed the physics project entitled TO FIND THE
REFRACTIVE INDEX OF DIFFERENT LIQUIDS USING
HOLLOW PRISM under the guidance of her physics
teacher Mrs. MENKA PRABHAKAR and lab assistant Mr.
KUNDAN.
The progress of the project has been continuously
reported and has been acknowledged consistently.

Menka Prabhakar
(Physics Teacher)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to owe the sense of gratitude to our
physics teacher Mrs. MENKA PRABHAKAR for her
consistent guidance, support and encouragement
without which this project would not able to exist in
present shape.

I would also like toA thank our Lab assistant

AT p A i m
p p a r a t u blessings
s R e q u i r e d and my
Mr.KUNDAN, my parents
yc e d A u their
OipPC a b T h P e r o o r for
r e O b s e r v a t io n & C a lc u la t io n
P
hBr in order
friends for their help
C P o r ne cc la u u s t to
i i o o n n scomplete the
smro a e r
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To find
refractive index of
different liquids using

hollow prism.

THEORY
PRISM:

A prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished

surfaces that refract light. Prisms can be made from any material that is
transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite.
A prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors.
Prisms can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into components
with different polarizations.

REFRACTION:
The refractive index of the liquid
Is given by the formula:

Where:
= refractive index of the liquid
= the angle of minimum
deviation
r = angle of refraction
i = angle of incidence
A = angle of prism

FLUIDS

REFRACTI
VE INDEX

Water
Glycerine
Ethyl Alcohol
Vegetable Oil
Acetone
HCl

1.33
1.47
1.36
1.45
1.36
1.34

PROCEDURE
Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with
help of drawing pins.
Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.
Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.
Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the
normal PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be
in the straight line.
Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on
the marked outline ABC.

 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so

that all the 4 pins appears to be in same line.
Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points
so obtained.
Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.
Repeat this with different liquids and different angle
of incidence.

HCl

ethyl

alcohol
S.No

S.N

o.

.
1.

35

48

24

60

1.

35

52

26

60

2.

40

52

30

60

2.

40

44

25

60

3.

45

42

25

60

3.

45

41

25

60

4.

50

36

26

60

4.

50

36

26

60

5.

55

32

28

60

5.

55

32

27

60

RESULT
THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF ETHYL ALCOHOL
EXPERIMENTAL-1.36
CALCULATED- 1.34

THE REFRACTIVE INDEX OF HCL

EXPERIMENTAL- 1.34
CALCULATED- 1.34

PRECAUTIONS
Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.
Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same
line.
Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.
Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.
Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent
and incident ray.

bibliography
wikipedia.org
google.com
physicsforlife.com {physicsforlife.com}
earthphysics.com

CALCULATION GRAPH HCL ethyl

alcohol