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Aoxrioers w (eFn xar epp)


l-jriat r.or ruyoto Detypa X : (Xr,...,Xn) on6 t4v xorovop4 pe nurcvorar.o Sr-*,
z ) 0, 0 > 0. No 6erX0ei 6tr o epn rou 0 eivcrr ouvenrls.
ia.lAtveror 6eiypro 5 ': (X1;Xz) 6nou X1 Kol X2 ei.vor ove(dptqtes irE Korovopeg X, -

N(0,02) xorX2 -.A/(0,0'14). Noeupe0eioEFnqgnr0ovorrlrcrs P(X?+4x? > a),6nou


a Yv(ocnn '9etx4 orooepo.
i'g.\air".or Oetytrro [ : (Xr,Xz,Xt) Fe Xr ,Xr,Xsovelopt4tes. 01 Xt,Xz 6Xouv nurv6r4ro r -*(r-t) r > L, 0r ) 0, evcb q X3 exer nurcv6rqro
r ) 0, gz > 0. Eov to

fre-4\'-'),

fie-'/e',

01,02 eivan oyvcooro vo eupe0ei o Epn tou (ywop6vou) 0fi2. Etvor AE;

Aiveror ruxoio Deiypo X : (Xr,.. . ,Xn) on6 r4v Korovolrrl pe nurcvoulro !40-0)/0
e*
< x < 7, 0 ) 0. No unoloyro0ei 4 pepol,rlrgio rou epn rou 1/d.

fld
'0

fi\lirrtot tuxoio 6eiypo X : (Xr,...,X,) ono trlv Korovolr4 pe nuxvor4ro e-('-0),


r 2 0, d e IR. No unoloyroOouv 01 Epn Kcrr rl.lp tou d xor vo elerooOei eov etvor ouvenei.E.
@ecopoupe rqv xl,ooq ernpqrrbvtou 0 iX1rl * c: c e IR), 6nou X(r) : min{X1 ,,..,Xn}.

No eupeOei o xo-Lriupos Er<rrFrlrns ourrls qg xloorlg pe xptt4plo ro MTD. AK6lrq vo


eletooOet eov or. epr Kor epp eivor ono6ercoi.

,,1d\li.rrrot tuXoio 6eiy;to X : (Xr,...,Xn) ono r4v opot6popqrl Korovopi Ul-0,01,


e > 0. No eupe0ei o epn rou 0 xor vo 6erX0ei 6tr eivot orrvenrls. Ento4g vo eupeOet o rlrp
rou 0 Xp4orponorrbvrog rr1 Oeurepq ponq.

l7.i Aiveror ruXoio 6eiypo X

(Xr,,

. , ,Xn)

on6 t4v exOerxrl Korovol.rrl

t(d).

No unol,o-

$o0ei 4 pepol,qpio. rou epn rou 1/d


@tr".ot ruxoi.o 6etypo X : (Xr,...,Xn), n ) 2, on6 r4v opor6popqn Kqrqvol.rrl
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otr".or tuxoio Oetypo X : (Xr,...,Xn) ono rrlv xorovopn pe nuxv6r4to3x2f03,
0 ( r < d. No 6erX0ei 6rt o epn tou d sivor ouvenrls.

19-.i

i:

iatrr.or 6eiypo X : (Xr,.,.,X,), 6nou X,

ei.vor ove[oprrlres

1,. . . ,rL xor 0 > 0. No unoloyroOet o epn rou 9.

xor

Xr - N(i,02),

,s\ Atr".or tuyoto Deiypo X : (Xr, . . . , Xn) on6 r4v opor6popqrl Korovop iul-T,20+11,
0 > -113, No 6erX0ei 6rt o epn rou g etvor max{-X1r;, A+lt
x=4
G2lAtvetorDeiypo X : (Xr,Xz)pxXt,Xzove(opr4teS, Xr - N(0,1) xorX2 - Al(20,1).
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92.

ruXoio Detypo [ : (Xr,...,Xn) on6 r4v xotovop4 pe nuxv6r.1-"


;ft,
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r ) 0'. No unoloyroOei o epn rou 0.
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