Universidad de Costa Rica

Proyecto MATEM
MA-0125 Matematica Elemental

2011

PRACTICA
DE FACTORIZACION
Practica 1: factor comun
1. a2 + ab
2. x3 4x4

R/

= a (a + b)

R/ x3 (1 4x)

3. 2a2 x + 6ax2

R/ 2xa (a + 3x)

4. 35m2 n3 70m3
5. 4x2 8x + 2

R/ 35m2 (n3 2m)

R/ 2 (2x2 4x + 1)

6. a3 a2 x + ax2

R/ a (a2 ax + x2 )

7. a2 b2 c2 a2 c2 x2 + a2 c2 y 2

R/ c2 a2 (b2 x2 + y 2 )

8. 93a3 x2 y 62a2 x3 y 2 124a2 x

9. 2 (x 1) + y (x 1)

(x 1) (y + 2)

R/

10. 2x (n 1) 3y (n 1)
11. 4x (m n) + n m

31xa2 (2x2 y 2 3axy + 4)

R/

(2x 3y) (n 1)

R/
R/

(m n) (4x 1)

12. a3 (a b + 1) b2 (a b + 1)

(b a 1) (b2 a3 )

R/

13. x (2a + b + c) 2a b c

(2a + b + c) (x 1)

R/

14. (x + 1) (x 2) + 3y (x 2)

(x 2) (x + 3y + 1)

R/

15. (m + n) (a 2) + (m n) (a 2)

R/ 2m (a 2)

16. (x 3) (x 4) + (x 3) (x + 4)

R/ 2x (x 3)

17. a (n + 1) b (n + 1) n 1

(b a + 1) (n + 1)

R/

18. (m + n) (m n) + 3n (m n)

R/

(m n) (m + 4n)

19. 7a (x + y 1) 3b (x + y 1)

R/

(3b 7a) (1 y x)

20. 48x2 y 3 + 20x4 y 5 12x2 y 10 + 4x5 y 7

21. 6m 9n + 21nx 14mx
22. 4am3 12amn m2 + 3n

R/

R/
R/

4y 3 x2 (3y 7 5x2 y 2 x3 y 4 12)

(3n 2m) (7x 3)

(m2 3n) (4am 1)

23. 3ax 2by 2bx 6a + 3ay + 4b

24. (x 3) x2 5x (3 x)

(3a 2b) (x + y 2)

R/

R/ x (x + 5) (x 3)

25. a (n 2) 5 (2 n) + 7 (n 2)

(a + 12) (n 2)

R/

26. (m + n) (n m) 3n (n m)

R/

(m n) (2n m)

Practica 2: Agrupacion
27. a2 + ab + ax + bx

R/

28. am bm + an bn

(a + b) (a + x)
(m + n) (a b)

R/

29. ax 2bx 2ay + 4by

(2y x) (2b a)

R/

30. a2 x2 3bx2 + a2 y 2 3by 2

(x2 + y 2 ) (a2 3b)

R/

31. 3m 2n 2nx4 + 3mx4

(x4 + 1) (3m 2n)

R/

32. 4a3 1 a2 + 4a

R/

(4a 1) (a2 + 1)

33. x + x2 xy 2 y 2

R/

(x + 1) (x y 2 )

34. 3abx2 2y 2 2x2 + 3aby 2

35. 3a b2 + 2b2 x 6ax

(b2 3a) (2x 1)

R/

36. 4a3 x 4a2 b + 3bm 3amx

37. 3x3 9ax2 x + 3a

(x2 + y 2 ) (3ab 2)

R/

R/

(4a2 3m) (ax b)

(3x2 1) (x 3a)

R/

38. 2a2 x 5a2 y + 15by 6bx

R/

(a2 3b) (2x 5y)

39. 2x2 y + 2xz 2 + y 2 z 2 + xy 3

R/

(2x + y 2 ) (xy + z 2 )

40. 6m 9n + 21nx 14mx

R/

(3n 2m) (7x 3)

41. n2 x 5a2 y 2 n2 y 2 + 5a2 x

R/

(5a2 + n2 ) (x y 2 )

42. 4am3 12amn m2 + 3n

R/

(m2 3n) (4am 1)

43. 20ax 5bx 2by + 8ay

R/

44. 3 x2 + 2abx2 6ab

45. a3 + a2 + a + 1

(x2 3) (2ab 1)

R/
R/

(5x + 2y) (b 4a)

(a + 1) (a2 + 1)

46. 3a2 7b2 x + 3ax 7ab2

R/

(3a 7b2 ) (a + x)

47. 3ax 2by 2bx 6a + 3ay + 4b

48. a3 + a + a2 + 1 + x2 + a2 x2
49. 3a3 3a2 b + 9ab2 a2 + ab 3b2

R/
R/

(3a 2b) (x + y 2)

(a2 + 1) (a + x2 + 1)
R/

(3a 1) (a2 ab + 3b2 )

50. 2x3 nx2 + 2xz 2 nz 2 + 3ny 2 6xy 2

(x2 3y 2 + z 2 ) (2x n)

R/

Practica 3: Inspeccion
51. 19x 6x2 14

(x 2) (6x + 7)

R/

52. 264xy 45y 315x2 y

(21x + 5) (5x 3) 3y

R/

53. 60xy 2 + 64xy 3 60xy 4

R/ 4xy 2 (5y + 3) (3y + 5)

54. 20c2 31c + 12

(4c + 3) (4 5c)

R/

55. 99m 177mx + 60mx2

R/

56. 27x7 + 27x8 84x9

R/

(7x + 3) (4x + 3) 3x7

57. 18mn2 87bmn2 + 84b2 mn2

58. 145x 175x2 30
59. 121x2 4

61.

1
m2
25

R/

(y 2 + 1)

R/

63. 1 + 49a2 14a

R/

64. 1 2a3 + a6

(7a 1)2

R/

66. a2 24am2 x2 + 144m4 x4

25x4
36

R/

x2
3

R/

69. 4 4 (1 a) + (1 a)2

1
5

2
2

(a 12m2 x2 )

(20x5 + 1)

2
56 x2
R/

70. (m n)2 + 6 (m n) + 9

R/

(a + 1)2
(n m 3)2

71. (m + n)2 2 (a m) (m + n) + (a m)2

72. 16 n2
73. 25 36x4
74. 100 x2 y 6
75. 25x2 y 4 121

(3b 5a2 )
R/

67. 400x10 + 40x5 + 1

1
25

(a 1)2 (a + a2 + 1)

R/

65. 9b2 30a2 b + 25a4

68.

(5x 2) (7x + 3) 5

(5x + 3) (5x + 3) 5x




1
m 8 15 m + 8
5

R/

62. y 4 + 1 + 2y 2

(7b + 2) (3 4b) 3n2 m

(11x 2) (11x + 2)

R/

64

R/

R/

60. 45x 125x3

(4x + 3) (11 5x) 3m

R/

(4 n) (n + 4)

R/

(5 6x2 ) (6x2 + 5)

R/
R/

R/

(10 xy 3 ) (xy 3 + 10)

(5xy 2 11) (5xy 2 + 11)

(2m a + n)2

76. a2 m4 n6 144
77. 361x14 1
78.

x6
49

4a10
121

(am2 n3 12) (am2 n3 + 12)

R/
R/
R/

79. x2 5x + 6
80. x2 + x 2

(x 2) (x 3)

R/

(x + 2) (x 1)

R/

81. m2 + 5m 14
82. x2 6 x

(19x7 1) (19x7 + 1)
 3
 3

x
2a5
x
2a5
+

7
11
7
11

(m + 7) (m 2)

R/

(x + 2) (x 3)

R/

83. c2 + 5c 24

(c + 8) (c 3)

R/

84. 12 8n + n2

R/

(n 2) (n 6)

85. a2 + 7a 18

R/

(a + 9) (a 2)

86. x2 7x 30

R/

(x + 3) (x 10)

87. 20 + a2 21a

R/

(a 1) (a 20)

88. 28 + a2 11a

R/

(a 4) (a 7)

89. x2 + 14x + 13

R/

(x + 13) (x + 1)

90. m2 + 13m 30
91. x2 + 15x + 36
92. x6 6x3 7

(m + 15) (m 2)

R/
R/

(x + 12) (x + 3)
(x + 1) (x3 7) (x2 x + 1)

R/

93. x2 y 2 + xy 12

(xy 3) (xy + 4)

R/

94. (5x)2 + 13 (5x) + 42

R/

95. a2 4ab 21b2

96. 5 + 4x x2

(a 7b) (a + 3b)

R/

(x + 1) (5 x)

R/

97. (2x)2 4 (2x) + 3

98. x8 + x4 240

(5x + 7) (5x + 6)

(2x 1) (2x 3)

R/

(x4 + 16) (x4 15)

R/

99. a4 b4 2a2 b2 99

(a2 b2 11) (a2 b2 + 9)

R/

100. 25x2 5 (5x) 84

R/

(5x + 7) (5x 12)

101. x4 y 4 + x2 y 2 132

R/

(x2 y 2 + 12) (x2 y 2 11)

102. x6 + x3 930

R/

103. x4 + 5abx2 36a2 b2

104. 21a2 + 4ax x2

(x3 30) (x3 + 31)

R/

R/

(9ab + x2 ) (4ab x2 )

(7a x) (3a + x)

105. 2b3 8b2 10b

R/ 2b (b + 1) (b 5)

106. 2x2 + 10x + 12

R/ 2 (x + 3) (x + 2)

107. y 3 2y 2 3y

R/ y (y + 1) (y 3)

108. 5c2 25c + 30

R/ 5 (c 2) (c 3)

109. 2a2 + 5a + 2

R/

(a + 2) (2a + 1)

110. 4n2 + n 33

R/

(n + 3) (4n 11)

111. 5x6 + 4x3 12

(5x3 6) (x3 + 2)

R/

112. 6a2 x2 + 5ax 21

(2ax 3) (3ax + 7)

R/

113. 15x2 ax 2a2

(5x 2a) (a + 3x)

R/

114. 21x2 29xy 72y 2

(3x 8y) (7x + 9y)

R/

115. 7x6 33x3 10

(7x3 + 2) (x3 5)

R/

116. 5 + 7x4 6x8

(5 3x4 ) (2x4 + 1)

R/

117. 4x2 + 7mnx 15m2 n2

R/

(x + 3mn) (4x 5mn)

Practica 4: Inspeccion o III formula notable

118. 4 (a + 1)2

(a + 3) (1 a)

R/

119. (m n)2 16

R/

120. (x + 2a)2 4x2

(n m 4) (n m + 4)
(2a x) (2a + 3x)

R/

121. (a b)2 (c d)2

122. (2a c)2 (a + c)2
123. 36x2 (a + 3x)2

(3x a) (a + 9x)

R/

(x + 2) (3x 8)

R/

(m3 m2 + 1) (m2 + m3 1)

R/

126. 100 (x y + z)2

R/

127. (2x + 3)2 (5x 1)2

128. 4 (x + 4)2 49y 2

3a (2c a)

R/

124. (2x 3)2 (x 5)2

125. m6 (m2 1)

(a b + c d) (a b c + d)

R/

(x y + z + 10) (y x z + 10)

R/
R/

129. 36 (m + n)2 121 (m n)2

(7x + 2) (4 3x)

(2x 7y + 8) (2x + 7y + 8)
R/

(5n 17m) (5m 17n)

Practica 5: Combinacion de formula notable e inspeccion

130. a2 + 2ab + b2 x2
131. x2 2xy + y 2 m2
132. n2 + 6n + 9 c2

(a + b x) (a + b + x)

R/

(m + x y) (m x + y)

R/

(n c + 3) (c + n + 3)

R/

133. a2 + x2 + 2xa 4

R/

(a + x 2) (a + x + 2)

134. a2 + 4 4a 9b2

R/

(3b a + 2) (2 3b a)

135. x2 + 4y 2 4xy 1

(2y x 1) (2y x + 1)

R/

136. 4x2 + 25y 2 36 + 20xy

(2x + 5y 6) (2x + 5y + 6)

R/

137. 9x2 1 + 16a2 24ax

R/

(3x 4a 1) (3x 4a + 1)

138. 1 + 64a2 b2 x4 16ab

R/

(8ab x2 1) (8ab + x2 1)

139. a2 b2 2bc c2

R/

(a b c) (a + b + c)

140. 1 a2 + 2ax x2

R/

(a x + 1) (x a + 1)

141. m2 x2 2xy y 2
142. c2 a2 + 2a 1

(m x y) (m + x + y)

R/

(c a + 1) (a + c 1)

R/

143. 9 n2 25 10n

R/

(n + 8) (n + 2)

144. 4a2 x2 + 4x 4

R/

(2a x + 2) (2a + x 2)

145. 1 a2 9n2 6an

(1 3n a) (a + 3n + 1)

R/

146. 25 x2 16y 2 + 8xy

R/

147. 9x2 a2 4m2 + 4am

= (a 2m + 3x) (2m a + 3x)

R/

148. 16x2 y 2 + 12ab 4a2 9b2

149. a2 + 25m2 1 + 2a

(x 4y + 5) (4y x + 5)

R/
R/

150. 49x4 25x2 9y 2 + 30xy

(2a 3b + 4xy) (3b 2a + 4xy)

(5m a + 1) (a + 5m 1)
R/

151. a2 2ab + b2 c2 2cd d2

152. x2 + 2xy + y 2 m2 + 2mn n2
153. a2 + 4b2 + 4ab x2 2ax a2
154. x2 + 4a2 4ax y 2 9b2 + 6by

(3y 5x 7x2 ) (3y 5x + 7x2 )

(a b c d) (a b + c + d)

R/

(n m + x + y) (m n + x + y)

R/

(x 2b) (2a 2b x)

R/

(2a 3b x + y) (2a + 3b x y)

R/

155. m2 x2 + 9n2 + 6mn 4ax 4a2

R/

156. 9x2 + 4y 2 a2 12xy 25b2 10ab

R/

(m 2a + 3n x) (2a + m + 3n + x)
(a + 5b 3x + 2y) (2y 5b 3x a)

157. 2am x2 9 + a2 + m2 6x

R/

(a + m + x + 3) (a + m x 3)

158. x2 9a4 + 6a2 b + 1 + 2x b2

R/

(3a2 x b 1) (b x 3a2 1)

159. 16a2 1 10m + 9x2 24ax 25m2

160. 9m2 a2 + 2acd c2 d2 + 100 60m
161. x2 y 2 + 4 + 4x 1 2y

(cd 3m a + 10) (a 3m cd + 10)

R/

(x y + 1) (x + y + 3)

R/

162. a2 16 x2 + 36 + 12a 8x

(3x 5m 4a 1) (5m 4a + 3x + 1)

R/

(a x + 2) (a + x + 10)

R/

Practica 6: Diferencia y suma de cubos

163. 1 a3
164. m3 n3

(1 a) (a + a2 + 1)

R/

(m n) (mn + m2 + n2 )

R/

165. 8x3 1

R/

(2x 1) (2x + 4x2 + 1)

166. x3 27

R/

(x 3) (3x + x2 + 9)

167. 64 + a6

R/

(a4 4a2 + 16) (a2 + 4)

168. x6 b9

R/

(x2 b3 ) (b6 + x4 + b3 x2 )

169. 1 + 343n3

R/

(49n2 7n + 1) (7n + 1)

170. a3 b3 x6

R/

(ab x2 ) (x4 + abx2 + a2 b2 )

171. x3 y 6 216y 4
172. x9 + y 9

R/ y 4 (x3 y 2 216)
R/

173. 27m6 + 343n9

174. (x y)3 8
175. 1 (2a b)3
176. 8a3 (a 1)3

(x6 + y 6 x3 y 3 ) (x2 xy + y 2 ) (x + y)
R/
R/
R/
R/

(9m4 + 49n6 21m2 n3 ) (3m2 + 7n3 )

(y x + 2) (2x 2y 2xy + x2 + y 2 + 4)
(b 2a + 1) (2a b 4ab + 4a2 + b2 + 1)
(a + 1) (7a2 4a + 1)

177. (a + 1)3 + (a 3)3

R/ 2 (a 1) (a2 2a + 13)

178. (x y)3 (x + y)3

R/

2y (3x2 + y 2 )

Practica 7: Division de polinomios, determine el cociente y el residuo en cada caso y aplique

el algoritmo de la division
179. (2x3 x2 8x 2) (3 + 2x)
180. (4x3 + 14x 5 9x2 ) (4x 1)

R/
R/

Cociente: x2 2x 1
Cociente: x2 2x + 3

Residuo: 1
Residuo:2

181. (6x4 + 7x3 + 32x 7 + 6x2 )(3x2 + 5x 2)

3
182. (9 + 6x3 + 3x2 24x) (3 + 2x)
183. (x3 + x + 1) (x 1)

R/
R/

Cociente: 3x2 + 6x 3

Cociente: x2 + x + 2

R/

Cociente: 2x2 x+5

Residuo:18

Residuo:3

Practica 8: Usando el teorema del factor

184. x2 12x + 2x3 + 9

(x + 3) (2x + 3) (1 x)

R/

185. 2x2 13x + x3 + 10

(x 1) (x + 5) (x 2)

R/

186. x3 4x2 + x + 6

(x 2) (x 3) (x + 1)

R/

187. x3 2x2 11x + 12

(x + 3) (x 1) (x 4) =

R/

188. 4x 24x2 3x3 + 2x4 + 48

189. a3 3a2 4a + 12

(a 3) (a + 2) (a 2)

R/

190. m3 12m + 16

(m + 4) (m 2)2

R/

191. 2x3 x2 18x + 9

(x 3) (2x 1) (x + 3)

R/

192. 256x + 96x2 + 16x3 + x4 + 256

193. a3 + a2 13a 28

195. n3 7n + 6

(a 4) (5a + a2 + 7)
(x + 2) (x2 + 1)

R/

(n + 3) (n 1) (n 2)

R/

196. x3 6x2 + 32

R/

(x + 2) (x 4)2

197. x4 4x3 + 3x2 + 4x 4

R/

198. x4 2x3 13x2 + 14x + 24

R/

200. n4 27n2 14n + 120

R/

201. x4 + 6x3 + 3x + 140

R/

202. 8a4 18a3 75a2 + 46a + 120

R/

(x 1) (x + 1) (x 2)2
(x 2) (x 4) (x + 3) (x + 1)

R/

199. a4 15a2 10a + 24

203. x4 22x2 75

(x + 4)4

R/

R/

194. x3 + 2x2 + x + 2

(2x 3) (x 4) (x + 2)2 =

R/

(a 1) (a + 3) (a + 2) (a 4)
(n 2) (n + 4) (n + 3) (n 5)
(x + 4) (x + 5) (x2 3x + 7)
(4a + 5) (a 4) (2a 3) (a + 2)

R/

(x 5) (x + 5) (x2 + 3)

204. 15x4 + 94x3 5x2 164x + 60

R/

(x 1) (3x + 5) (x + 6) (5x 2)

205. x5 21x3 + 16x2 + 108x 144

R/

(x + 4) (x + 3) (x 3) (x 2)2

206. a5 23a3 6a2 + 112a + 96

207. n5 30n3 25n2 36n 180

R/
R/

Residuo:5x+

(a 3) (a 4) (a + 4) (a + 2) (a + 1)
(n + 5) (n 6) (n + 2) (n2 n + 3)