EVOLUTION -HISTORY OF LIFE WORKSHEET #3 ‘Use p 602 -605 to answer the following Name, 1.Seals live in the ocean and dogs live on land yet the two are closely related in evolutionary time. This would be an example of this type of evolution 2.The mouse are marsupial mouse are distantly related yet show very similar body structures. This would be an example of this type of evolution 3.Homoplasies result from this type of evolution 4.Adaptive radiation occurs with this type of evolution, 5.What does similar morphology mean?. 6.Why do remote archipelagos display the best documented cases of adaptive radiation? 7.Where did the original finches migrate from that are currently on the Galapagos Islands? 8.Name some finch body structure characterictics that are successful on the Galapagos but would not be successfull on the mainland. Why is this happening?- 9.Why have there been recent extinctions on islands such as Hawaii, New Zealand and Moa. 10.Name the process in which one species evolves in response to the evolution of another species? . 11.What happens if one of two closely related species becomes extinct? 12.The theoretical evolution history of a species or group is called 13Are the fins of a whale and the paws ofa groundhog examples of convergent or divergent evolution? 14.Are the fins of a shark and the fins of a dolphin examples of convergent or divergent evolution? 15.Are the wings of a butterfly and the wings of a bird examples of convergent or divergent evolution?, 16.Are the wings of a bat and the wings of a bird analogous structures? 17.Are analogous features the result of common descent ? Use p 606 - 61418.What is a monopyletic group? 19.A cladogram is aiso called a 3 20.Are dinosaurs more related to birds or mammals?, 21.On p 607 a common anscestor for both mammals and amphibians is letter _ 22.A common anscestor for both mammals and turtles can be found at letter 23.On what criteria would Darwin have had to base a cladogram on 2 24.What criteria do modern scientists have to base cladograms on? 25.What are the only two mammals that nurse their young underwater?, 26.Shared traits that evolved only once and have been inherited by two or more species is called? 27.The cladogram on p 611 utilizes this organic chemical to derive evolutionary relationships 28.According to the cladogram mentioned, how many amino acid differences exist between the lamprey and the human? - What does this say about the time frame given to a common anscestor to both? 29. According to the cladogram mentioned, what is the evolutonary closest species to the human shown? 30.Are both LINES and SINES DNA? 31.What does a retrovirus do to the host DNA?. 32.How can this be used as a tool in evolution?, Use p615- 621 33.What three notable traits are considered with regard to human evolutionary anscestors ? A B. c 34.What did the prosimian lineage of primate give rise to? 35.What did the arthropoid lineage give rise to? 36.Which group is predominately noctural?. 37.Which group is predominately diurnal? 38.Which one has larger eyes a diurnal or nocturnal species?__ Why?39.Are hominoids monkeys?, Why? 40.What is the difference between old and new world monkeys? 41.Name five present day hominoids 42.How old are the oldest Homo fossils? 43.On what continent did humans first evolve? 44,What conditions would lead early man (Homo) to leave the forest trees and begin walking primarily on land? 45.What is the common anscestor to both A. boisei and H. Sapiens 46.Which human anscestor is believed to be the first to use stone tools? 47.Which human anscestor is believed to be the first to use fire? 48. What happens to the teeth of members of the Homo lineage become more modemn?, How could this relate to cooking food ona fire? __ 50.When did the first Homo sapiens appear and where? 51.Many animals have eyes on the sides of their head to view large surrounding areas. Why do humans have both eyes facing forward? What is the evolutionary advantage? 52. Why is brain size important in human evolution? 53.How did Homo Neanderthalensis survive in the cold climate of Europe? 54.Why do you think there is such a long childhood for humans? ‘55. What is important about the opposable thumb? 56.Are we still a hunter gatherer society? Why? 57.What is the multiregional hypothesis of human evolution? 58. What is the monogenesis hypothesis of human evolution? 59. Are humans more related to chimps or gorillas? 60. What is the significance of “Lucy” 61. What did the Tanzanian footprints of 3.7 million years ago reveal 62.What did Darwin correctly predict according to human evolution? 63.Are humans more related to gibbons or to oragutans? 64,How would the fire attract humans together? 65. What do humans often do when they gather around a bonfire today? 66.How does this affect language and social interactions? 67. How does the abiltiy to communicate enhance survival? 68, What members of the genus Homo buried their dead? 69.Can chimps utilize tools? 70. What are the oldest Australopithecine cranial fossils?