-. -. .

.4368781 5034 5035

1.
2.
3. Trip

1. (Visual inspection)
2.
3.Leakage impedance (Single phase
leakage impedance)
4. (Three phase
equivalent short circuit test)

5. (Ratio test)
6. (Winding
resistance measurement)
7. (Insulation
resistance measurement)
8. % Power factor

9.

10.

11. Bushing CT (BCT

test)
12. Lightening arrester
13. Bushing

1. (Visual
inspection)

Poly Chlorinated Biphenyl(PCB)

Askarel

2.
H3

1 Phase AC. supply

H2
H1

V
Variac

X3
X2
X1
X0

Tested transformer

Turn
Short circuit

Variac (Slide regulator)

Digital multimeter

 Exciting current

Laminate core sheet

Single phase AC regulator for exciting current test

3. Single phase
impedance

H3

1 Phase
AC. supply

leakage

H2

H1

Variac

X2
X1
X0

Tested Transformer
H2

H1

X3

X2

X0

H3

X3

X1

% DEVIATION = (Zmax - Zmin) x 100/Zmin

2 %
> 2 %

 Single phase leakage impedance

- Impedance
Z = ( R2 +XL2)
XL=2fL
L Mean diameter
L over length of winding
L (number of turns)2

 Short circuit

HV.winding

LV. winding

 50 MVA 115/22 kV

Buckling of coil phase x3 , leakage reactance + 3.4 %

 50 MVA 115/22 kV

Buckling of coil phase x3 , leakage reactance + 2.4 %

4. (Three phase equivalent

short circuit test)
H3
H2
H1

1 Phase
AC. supply

V
Variac

X3
X2
X1
X0

Tested Transformer

%IZ = ( Zm )* kVA/(60 * kV2L-L)

Nameplate 2 %
Nameplate > 2 %

 50 MVA 115/22 kV

Buckling of coil phase x3 , leakage reactance + 2.6 %

 50 MVA 115/22 kV

Buckling of coil phase x3 , leakage reactance + 3.4 %

5. (Ratio
test)
Tested Transformer

Transformer
Ratio Tester

H
X

H3

x3

H2

x2

H1

x1

H0

x0

Rm - Rrated
x 100
(%) =
Rrated
(%) < 0.5 %

Transformer turn ratio test set

6.

(Winding resistance measurement)

Class 0.5 S1
A

S2
DC
Supply

10-20
50-200 W

Class 0.5

Tested Transformer

5 %

15%Rated current

Winding resistance tester

DC Ammeter

Digital multimeter

 V-I Method
Voltmeter
Voltmeter Ammeter
R = V/(Iv+IR)
Voltmeter Ammeter
R =
(VA+VR)/I

Voltmeter Impedance

Ammeter Impedance


off load tap
changer,on load tap changer ,

Overheated, arc, burnt ,short turns


RS = RM*(TS+TK)
TM+TK
RS =
RM=
TS =
TK= : = 234.5
= 225
TM =

7.
(Insulation resistance measurement)
Tested Transformer

DC Insulation Tester

L
G
E

H3

x3

H2
H1
H0

x2
x1
x0

 (Basic concept)
(DC)
3
1. Capacitance Charging current
2. Dielectric Absorption Current
3. Conduction or leakage Current

(Surface leakage Current)

IR

IC

IA
Dipole Charge

IC - Capacitance charging current

IA - Dielectric absorption current
IR - Leakage current

IR

IC

IA
Dipole

IR

IA
Dipole

Capacitance charging current

Total current

Leakage current
Absorption current

 A / M

Insulation resistance ( M )

Total current ( A )
Min.
Insulation resistance = Voltage / Current

Insulation resistance tester

line

ground

insulation resistance tester


(Insulation resistance measurement)

PI

PI

1.0
1.0 1.1
1.1 1.25
1.25 2.0
2.0

7.
(Insulation resistance measurement)

R = C.E/(kVA)1/2
kVA
= kVA
R = 20
= kV+1 100 kVA

7.
(Insulation resistance measurement)
1. Guard
Guard
C = 0.8 20

= 16.0 dry, compound filled, or untank oil filled
E =

7.
(Insulation resistance measurement)
2. Guard
C = 1.5 20
= 30 dry, compound filled, or untank oil filled
Single phase

E =

7.(Insulation resistance
measurement)
20

0
5
10
15
20
30
40
50

0.25
0.36
0.500
0.720
1.00
1.98
3.95
7.85

7.2

Insulation
Resistance
Tester

DC. 1000 V.

LV

HV

Tested Transformer

Type of
equipment

Core insulation
resistance
> 1000 M
> 100 M

Condition of insulation

10 100 M
< 10 M

8. % Power factor

 p.f
IT
RP

IT

CP

IR

IC

IC

IR

Watt =

E*IT*cos

p.f. =

cos

Watt/(E*IT)

 dissipation factor power factor

IT
IC

IR

dissipation factor = IR/ IC

= 90-
Power factor = cos(90- )