0

11

AYTOPV1
ilpo<f>. MeJtaJ-Luja MuJtocabJbebuh
Cbem o3a p JobaJ-Lo buh
..

P"Ell,E3EHT
ilpo<J>. 3opaJ-L AJ-Lgpuh

KOMIIJYTEPCKA OEP A,II,A

,IJ,paiaJ-L AJtu.Milujebuh

. oje

pa3
Hej

Taeajy

ar~~

,.,

a-

3a cnopa3y e fi, : recTOBM, MHMHKa,

6oje, pa3He cHrHanHaa...,Hje - cao6paliajHM
3HaKOBM,
,je3HK"
KOMnjyrepa ...
Y cpncKOM je3rt~Ky nocTojr~~ 30 rnacoea. 0Hr~~ ce
o6ene>Kaeajy
noMony
HapoLirt~Tr~~x
03HaKa
Koje
30BeMo CJlOBA. Y cpncKOM je3,.,KY ce
KOpriiCTe ABa nriiCMa: nVIPVIJlVI
rll .n
VI VI

YPE,II,HV1K
Haga ByJtuh
V13,II,ABAq
AJteKcaJ-Lgap ByJtuh
IIITAMIIA
"3HAlbE" Hobu Cag

. . (.__

V-

30 rnacosa

. K~e~a~~ea .cfelctula
c iiopa~!I.MJelaiJba

Hawer J83HKa
..ll.8Jllt1MO Ha
caM ornacH HKe

nocToje pa3Ha Heje3M'IKa cpeACTaa 38 cnopa3yMeaa-.e:

(soKane) H
cyrnacHHKe

reCTOBIII, M~MIIIK8, 6oje, pa3He ClllrH8J111138U.IIIje:

cao6paliajHIII 3H8KOBIII, ,je3111K" KOMnjyTepa ...

(KOHCOHaHT8) .
CaMornacHIIIU.III cy A, E, Ill, 0, Y. Ca111

ocTan~t~

cy

~yrnacH IIILJ.III.

CaMornacHMU.M cy sa>KHir1 a6or:

* no.a.ene pe"'lr1 Ha cnorose .a.enose pe1.11r1 KOjlr1 ce 1r1arosapajy
je.a.Hir1M oraapal-beM ycra. Hnp. rara Kao ra-ra, KapaeaH Kao Ka
pa-saH, n1r1c&Tir1 Kao nlr1CaTir1 ...

* .Qelbetba peYM Ha Kpajy peAa. AKo nMweMo y caecuM,"'

He ycneMO A8 HanMWeMO ueny peY y jeAHOM. peAy,
MOpaMO A8 o6paTMMO na>KtbY Ha TO K8KO paCT8Bib8MO
TY peY. Y cneAeliM peA ce Mo>Ke npeHeTM caMo ueo
CJlOr. Ha Kpajy peAa He CMeMO rOMMJ18TM cyrnaCHMKe.
I

-'

~-

~)
l

* Paanlr1KOB&I-ba pe"'lr1 . .Qy>Kir1Ha caMornacHir1Ka Mo>Ke Aa

o.a.pe.a.M apcry pe"'M. nocrojM lr1Me Koca, a Ha Hawoj
rnaaM pacre Koca. Ka>Ke ce naHe (npowne ro.a.lr1He), a
Mna.a.yH"'e cpHe Je naHe.
2

JC!3HKA
CTAPOC OBEHCK JE3li1K

1\HPHAO H M~TO.A.HJ~

je npa111 je3HK CnoaeHa. THM je3HKOM je

rOBOp111J10 jeAHO nneMe MaKeAOHCKIIIX
CnoaeHa 1113 oKOJ1HHe ConyHa, y 9.
Be Ky . nlllp111J10 Ill MeTOAIIIje, 6palla
C onytbaHH, cy y3en111 Taj je3HK 3a
Ktbiii>KeBHIII je3111K CnoaeHa. npaa
Ktbiii>KeBHa AeJ1a cy .nHCaHa Ha TOM
je3HKY rnarolbHUOM (Koja je npepaljeH
rp"'KIII
anct>a6eT):
3orpact>cKo
jeaaHljelbe, KHjeBCKIII MIIICan. nlllp111J1HUOM (Apyro niiiCMO CTaplll~ CnoaeHa) je
n 111caH CynpacalbCKIII 36opHHK, CaaHHa
KttiHra 111 Apyra Aena. Cp6111, npHMIIIBWIII
XpiiiWliaHCTBO,
npHMajy
Ill
c TapocnoaeHCKIII
je3HK,
Kao
KtbH>KeBHIII je3HK. CTapocnoaeHCKIII
j e3HK
je
Haw
H~j _.
CTaplllj lll Ktbiii>KeBHIII je3111K.
"
.

CPnCKOCflOBEHCKlll(UPKBEHOCflOBEHCKlll)JE3li1K
HaCTaO je y _1 1. Ill 12. BeKy. np111J1111KOM npeniiiCIIIBatba Ktblllra npeniiiCIII Ba"'lll
cy YHOCIIIfllll 1113MeHe CBOjCTBeHe tberOBOM je3111Ky. TaKO HaCTaje cpnCKa
peAaKUHja (111 6yrapcKa 111 pycKa peAaKUHja) cTapocnoaei-lcKor je3HKa.
CpncKocnoaeHCKIII je3HK je HHwTa Apyro AO cpncKa peAaKUHja
cTapocnoaeHcKor je3HKa, a nowTo ce npeTe>KHO ynoTpe61baaana y
UPKBeHIIIM KtblllraMa Ha3111Ba ce jow Ill UPKBeHOCflOBeHCKIII je3111K. n~~tca HIII
cnoMeHHUIII 1113 Tor A06a, n~~tcaHH llHplllnHUOM cy MHpocnaalbeBC)
jeaaHljelbe (12. aeK), noaelba 6ocaHcKor 6aHa KynHHa (12.aeK),
3aKOHIIIK uapa JlywaHa (14. aeK) . Y 14. aeKy Typu111 ocaajajy Hawy ,
Ap>Kaay, Te AOJ1a3111 AO

CTarHaUHje pa3BOja Ktbiii>KeBHOr paAa Ill ycno~ .

paaatba pa3aoja .ie3HKa. KtbH>KeBHIII paA ce OABHjao caMo y UPKBIII. Ha .

OBOM je3111KY cpnCKIII niiiCUIII CTBapajy CBe AO nOJ10BIIIHe 18. BeKa.
4

MMpocnaelbeBo
I
jesat-Jljelbe
J
je HajcTapHja
I pyKonHcHa KtbHra H
.. cnoMeHHK cTapo1 cpncKe nHcMeHoCTH11. JesaHljelbe je
H3CT3110 H3Meljy

1180.

1191.

ro.QHHe. HanHcaHje
Ha nepraMeHTY 3a
noTpe6e 3axyMcKor
KHe3a MHpoc11asa,
6paTa CTesaHa
HeMatbe. AyTopH cy
ce npe.QCT3BH11H Ha
Kpajy KtbHre, a TO cy
3HaHH rllHrOpHje H
HeCHrypHO H.QeHTH~HKOBaHH

BapcaMelleOH.

.D.ywaHOB 3aKOHHK je HaW

Haj3Hal.lajHMjM
npaBHH
cnoMeHMK.
npsM
.Qeo
3aKOHMKa M3.Q3T je y
CKonlby, 21. Maja 1349, a
.QpyrH .Qeo je o6jaslbeH
1354.
0pMrMH311HM
pyKOnMC, H3>K3110CT, HHje
ca'-ty.saH . . HajcTapMjM OA
cal.lyBaHMX PYKOnMca je
npoHaljeH
y
CTpyrM.
....__ __,......,....,...,.._.....;._._ ___, .QywaHOB 3aKOHMK Ca.Qp>KH
OKO 200 1.1113HOBa 33KOHnAJl JOIL~HOII\W k
CKHX O.Qpe.Q6M, nMCaH je Ha
,,KPYHUeAttJ @ i\Pl .A. YIIIAHA "
CTapocpnCKOM je_
3HKY.
5

PYCKOCJlOBEHCKl-1
(UPK B EHOPYCKl-1 l-1Jll-1 UPKBEHl-1) JE3l-1K
pycKa pe,o,aKLJ,I.1ja CTapOCilOBeHCKOr je31.1Ka. Ha n031.1B cpnCKOr M1.1TpOnOJ11.1Ta, 1726. ,o,ona31.1 y Kapnoau,e pycKI.1 y&.~I.1Telb MaKCI.1M Cyaopoa 1.1
OTBapa
,CnaajaHCKY
WKOily"
KOja
je
pa,0,1.111a
neT
roAI.1Ha.
1733. EMaHyen Ko3a&.JI.1HCKI.1 ,o,ona31.1 c HeKOJ11.1KO pycKI.1X y&.~I.1Telba , c
KOji.1Ma OCHI.1Ba ,JlaTI.1HCKY WKOJ1y" 1.1 cnpeMa CBeWTeH1.1Ke 1.1 Y'-11.1Telbe 3a
cpncKe wKone.Oaaj je31.1K je 3acTynao JoeaH Paj1.1n. nocTojana je
Te>Ktba ,o,a oaaj je31.1K nocTaHe onwTe cnoaeHCKI.1 je31.1K.
CJlABEHOCPnCKl-1
(~JlABJAHOCEP6CKl-1

l-1Jll-1 rPAfJAHCKl-1) JE3l-1K

HacTao je y 1 8. aeKy Kao Mewaa1.11-ia cpncKor Hapo,o,Hor 1.1 u.pKaeHopycKor je31.1Ka.
Ta,o,awtbe anacTI.1 cy cpopc1.1 pane Taj je31.1K,
jep cy cMaTpane ,o,a TO npe,o,cTaelba 3HaK
np1.16111.1>Kaaatba Cp6a Pyc1.1j1.1 . Hape,o,6oM
-11.13 1779. n1.1p1.1111.1LJ,a je YKI.1 HyTa 1.1 3BaH
IU,pKBe, a y WKOile yae,o,eH HapO,D,HI.1 je31.1K 1.1
naTI.1HI.1u,a. Ti1.1p1.1111.1U.a je apaneHa y wKone
1785. rOAI.1He. Ha Kpajy 18. BeKa KOp1.1CTI.1
ce, ,o,aKne, cnaaeHocpnCKI.1 je31.1K 1.1 n1.1p1.1nl.1u,a KaO jeAI.1HO ni.1CMO.
.Uoci.1Tej 06pa,o,oa1.1n
ce 3anarao 3a ~.........~~~~~~~~~~
Ktbi.1>KeBHOCT
Ha
HapOAHOM
je31.1KY
t4-: 6~c?.<'~&4~l
I(,CoajeTI.1 . 3,o,paaaro pa3yMa", ,nl.1cMo

_
.XapanaMnl.1jy")_. OH je cMaTpao ,o,a je u,pi<aeHopycKI.1 je31.1K Hepa3YM1bi.1B
Hapo,o,y, ,o,a.ce He Mory napanenHo KOp1.1CT1.1TI.1 ,o,ea Ktb1.1>KeaHa je31.1Ka, ,o,a
1
lje TeWKO ni.1CaTI.1 HapOAHI.1M j~31.1KOM 3aTO WTO y WKOJ1aMa y1.1e
u,pKBeHopycKI.1 1.1J11.1 rpalja HCKI.1. 1-b'eroae 1.1,o,eje noTnyHo je ocTeap1.1o ByK
CTecpaHoaliln Kapau1.1n ceojoM pecpopMoM je31.1Ka 1.1 npaaon1.1ca.
1
1

CpncKI.1 ~tbi.1>KeBHI.1 je31.1K - HacTao O'A Hapo,o,Hor je31.1Ka y 19. ael(y,

ni.1CMO je -n1.1p1.1111.11.JHO, 1.1CTOI.JHOXepu,eroaa&.JKI.1 Al.1janeKaT (M)jeJ<;aBCKdf
1.13roaopa.

-
,UaHaWtbl.1 Ktbi.1>KeBHI.1 je31.1K 1.1Ma HOBOWTOKaBCKY aKLJ,eHTyau,l.1jy, miiCM~ .
cy n1.1p1.111_1.1u,a 1.1 naT1.1HI.1u,a, Mnalj1.1 (1.1)jeKaacKI.1 1.1 eKaacK1.1 roaop1.1
(1.1CTO'iHQXepu.eroaa&.JKI.1 1.1 WyMaAI.1jCKO-BOj BOljaHCKI.1).
6

'

'

BYK CTecbAHOBHI\ KAPAUMI\

..

1814. 1.13,o,aje npay 361.1pKy necaMa no,o, Ha~I.1BOM

,Mana npocToliapo,o,Ha cnaaeHo-cep6c.t<a njecHap1.1U.a" (ca 100 n1.1pcK1.1X 1.1 8 encKI.1X necaMa) 1.1 rpa- "
MaTI.1KY Koja ce 3aana ,nl.1cMeHI.1U.a cep6cKora
je31.1Ka no roaopy npocTora Hapo,o,a Hanl.1caHa",
3aje,o,Ho ca JlyKoM M1.1noaaHOBI.1M, y&.~I.1Telb eM . Y
tbOj je ByK ,o,ao Bl.131.1jy CBOji.1X pewetba, 3aCHOaaH1.1X 11a np1.1HLJ,I.1ny HeMa&.JKor <1>1.1nonora JoxaHa
AAenyHra - ,nl1Wl1 KAO WTO rOBOPl1W" - np1.1HPol')eH 1787. y Tpw~liy, u1.1ny ,o,a csaKoM rnacy o,o,roaapa je,o,aH cnoaHI.1
a yMpO 1864. y 6e1..1y 3HaK.
1815. 1.13Aaje ,o,pyry 361.1pKy necaMa ,Hapo,o,Ha cp6cKa njecHap1.1u,a" (17 encKI.1X 1.1 104 n1.1pcKe necMe) .
1818. ro,o,1.1He ByK o6jaalbyje ,CpnCKI.1 pje&.JHI.1K". Oao je npao ,o,eno
WTaMnaHO HOBOM ByKOBOM n1.1p1.1111.1U.OM. npeae,o,eH Ha J1aTI.1HCKI.1 1.1
HeMa&.JKI.1 1.1 ca,o,p>K1.1 26.270 pe1.11.1. ByK je yaeo Hose rpa<J>eMe:
B - no HaU.pTy flyKI.1jaHa Myw1.1u,Kor
Jb 1.1 1-b - cnoj..,BWI.1 MpKalbeaa pewetba n 1.1
H 1.1 Y
J - y3eo 1.13 naT1.1HI.1Ue: _; _ _
.
Ti - cnoji.1BWI.1 T 1.1 v (tbera je sen KOp1.1CTI.10 ,lloci.1Tej 06pa,o,oa1.1n)
U - y3eo 1.13 cTap1.1x cnoaeHCK1.1X 1.1 pyMyHCK1.1X pyKon1.1ca
ByK ce onpe.de111.10 3a 1.1jeKaBCKI.1 roaop 1.1CTO&.JHoxepu.eroaa&.~Kor Tl.1na.
OcTaapeHa je npaaon1.1cHa pe<J>opMa - pe1.11.1 ce n .,wy oHal<o KaKo ce
1.13roaapajy. Y ,CpncKOM pje&.JHI.1Ky" pe1.11.1 cy aKu.eHToaaHe, ,o,aTa je 1.1
CpncKa rpaMaTI.1Ka 1.1 npe,o,roaop, Kao pacnpaaa y KOjOj ByK AOKa3yje ,o,a
OCHOBa Ktb1.1>KeBHOr je31.1Ka MO>Ke 61.1TI.1 CaMO HapO,D,HI.1 je31.1K.

v;

1847. rO.Ul1HA BYKOBE n06E.UE

Ha Hapo,o,HOM je31.1KY necHI.1K 6paHKO Pa,o,l.1&.~eal.1n o6jaalbyje 361.1pKy
111.1pcKI.1X necaMa, neTap neTpoal.1n 1-berow caoj ,ropcKI.1 al.1jeHau," r
J11.1HrBI.1CTa Bypa .UaHI.1'"11.1n wTaMna Hay&.~HY pacnpaay ,PaT 3a cpncKI.1
je31.1K 1.1 npaaon1.1c", a ByK MeTe ro,o,1.1He npeao,o,1.1 ca u.pKBeHocnoaeHcKor
Ha HapOAHI.1 je31.1K ;,HOBI.1 3aBjeT" 1.1 TI.1Me AOKa3aO tOa 1.1 CBeTe Ktbl.1re MOry
61.1TI.1 ni.1CaHe HapOAHI.1M je31.1KOM.
1850. Ktbi.1>KeBHI.1 ,o,oroaop y 6e1.1y
1852. o6jaalbyje ,o,pyro 1.13Aatbe ,CpncKor pje&.~HMKa" (ca 47.427 pe1.11.1 1.1
on1.1coM Hapo,o,HI.1X aepoaatba lll o61.11.1aja)
1860. y Cp6Mj1.1 je ll03B lbeHa ynoTpe6a ByKoaor npaeonr..tca y ca1.1M
Kt-blllr-aMa , OCWM

y 3B8HW4HWM

eAOBeHeKH Je3HILH

eAOSeHeKH Je3Hil
3AUA

CpncKM je3L-1K npl-1na.Qa rpynl-1

IIIHD.OEBPOnCKIIIX je3HKa, Koj~. cy MManl-1
aaje.QHL-1l.fKOr npeTKa y
nPAIIIH.QOEBPOnCKOM je3l-1Ky.

aana.QHOCilOBeHCKPA
jy>KHOCI10BeHCKL1
LIICTO'-IHOCilOBeHCK

~C!UJKH
no~CKH
CAOBt\~KH

PYCHHCKH
AYrt;H~KOCPnCKH
AYmHYKH CP5H

CAOBt\llH

..

<6

CnoeeHM, Ka.Q cy .a.ownM Ha 6anKaH, HawnM cy ce

. M3Meljy rpl.fKe M naTMHCKe KynType, o6e ca sen paaeMjeHoM nMcMeHowliy. 3aTo je 3HaTaH yTMU.aj o6e KynType 6MO HeM36e>KaH.
BeJlMKOMOpaBCKM KHe3
PacTMcnae je, npMMopaH .a.p>KaBHMM M nonMTMl.fKMM
P33Jl03MMa, ynyTMO MOJ16y BM3clHTMjCKOM u.apy
MMxaMny (862. MJlM 863. ro.QMHe) .a.a MY nowalbe
yl.fMTelba KOjM 6M CnoeeHMMa, tbMxoey, xpMwnaHcKy
Bepy, Ha tbMXOBOM je3MKY 06jaCHMO.
lila :UapMrpa.a.a cy y MopaecKy .a.ownM . 6palia
~...._. KOHCT3HTMH
(y MOH3WTBY H33B3H nMpMJlO) M.
1::::::!1 MeTO.QMje; .QBa yl.feHa rpKa, ConytbaHM, KOjM cy .Q06po
noaHaeanM cnoeeHCKM jeaMK. npe nonacKa Ha nyT
..__, nMpMJlO je CTBOpMO nMCMO - rnarOlbMU.y, aa6yKy npM. .. naroljeHy CJlOBeHCKOM M3r.oeopy .

C Be K

0
0

. . . .. l lpy ro CJlOBeHCKO nMCMO ;. li1.1p~n~u,a , nojaBMJla ce KpajeM 9. BeKa.

To . je 6Mna rp"'Ka aa6yKa lJ,onytbeHa cnoBMMa aa cnoeeHcKe
f:na_
COBe; 6p30 je 3aMeHMJla rnarOlbMU.Y jep je 6MJla MHO_ro npMCTy. nal.fHMja M J13KWa y O.QHOCy Ha rnarOibMUy.

no~t\llH

PYCHHH
0

eAO P, eHe KH. Je3HUH

JY

.e

<!HC

CPnCKM
Mi\KC!.A.OHCKM
CAOBC!Hi\YKM
XPBI\TCKM
5YPI\PCKM

PYCKM
6<!AOPYCKM
YKPI\JMHCKM
PYCHJt\

5eAOPYCHJt\

Mt\ Ke.A.OHHJt\

CP5HJt\

CAOBeHHJt\

CAOP>C!HCKH JC!3HILH

. 10

XPBA'PCK t\

. PYCHJt\

11

A. H J A A @ K
ePneKor

PAMATHKA

JE!3HKA
1-beHIII ,D,e110BIII cy:
c:t>QHETIIIKA (ca cf>OH0110rllljOM) - HayKa 0 r11aCOBIIIMa
MOPc:t>OilOriiiJA - HayKa o o611111U.IIIMa pe1.1111
TBOP6A PE4111 - HayKa o HacTaHKY HOBIIIX pe1.1111
CIIIHTAKCA - HayKa o peYeHIIIU.III

roaop HeKor Kpaja 11111111 HeKe cpe,a.IIIHe, KOjlll ce pa311111Kyje o.a. cTaH,a.ap.a.Hor Ktbiii>KeBHOr je3111Ka, 11111111 ce p3311111Kyje, no HeKIIIM OC06111HaMa, O,D, .
IIICTor je3111Ka Te cpe,a.111He Ha3111Ba ce AllljaneKaT Tor Kpaja.
WTOKaBCKIII ,D,IIIja11eKaT je OCHOBHIII ,D,IIIja11eKaT CpnCKOr je3111Ka. D,o61110 je
IIIMe no yniiiTHOj 3aMeHIIIU.III WTO, WTA.
WToKaBCKIII ,a.111ja11eKaT ,a.e11111 Ha HeK011111KO MatbiiiX:
1. WyMa,D,IIIjCKO-BOjBOljaHCKIII (nOCTaO OCHOBa cpnCKOr je3111Ka)
2. IIICTOYHO)Cepu.eroaaYKIII (y3eT 3a ocHoay cpncKor Ktbiii>KeaHor je3111Ka)
3. n_p1113peHCKO-TIIIMOI.JKIII (HajCTapllljlll ,D,IIIja11eKaT, IIIMa je,a.aH aKU.eHaT,
1113ry61110 Ce IIIHcf>IIIHIIITIIIB, IIIMa CaMO ,D,Ba na,a.e>Ka)
4. KOCOBCKO-pecaBCKIII {!liMa ,D,Ba Clll11a3Ha aKU.eHTa, 110KaTIIIB je,a.HaK . Ca
reHIIITIIIBOM MHO>KIIIHe)
5. 3eTCKO-jy>KHOCaHUaYKIII (YeCTa ynoTpe6a IIIHcf>IIIHIIITIII Ba 6e3 -Ill , >KIIIBa
ynoTpe6a IIIMnepcf>eKTa)
WToKaacKIII .QIIIjaneKaT, no 3aMeHIII cTapor rnaca jaT, .QenM ce Ha cne.Qelle
roaope:
eKaBcKe - jaT je npewno y e
(lll)jeKaacKe - jaT je npewno y (M)je
IIIK8BCKe - jaT je 38MetbeHO Ca Ill .
. IIICTOYHOXepu.erOB8'iKM Ill wyMa.QIIIjCKOBOjBOljaHCKM .QIIIja11eKT~ cy y3eTIII
3a QCHOBY CpnCKOr j~3111Ka, ca eKaBCKIIIM Ill (lll)jeKaBCKIIIM rOBOp111-Ma._.0BIII
,D,IIIja11eKTIII IIIMajy YeTBOpQaKU.eHaTCKIII CIIICTeM ca nOCTaKU.eHaTCKIIIM
,l{y>KIIIHaMa,-pa3nMKyjy na,a.e>Ke 111 IIIMajy r11acoaHe npoiVIeHe.
CPnCKIII JE3111K

rPAMATIIIKA je OnMCHa HayKa. 0CMM Tora TO je M CKyn npaBMna 0

je3M'tKMM je.QMHM'-'aMa, Tj. 0 rnaCOBMMa, o6nM'-'MMa, pe'tMMa, pe'teHM'-'aMa Ill tbMXOBMM .QenOBMMa, na HaC OHa Y'tM M npaBMnHOCTMMa je3MK8.
-

rJlAC je HajMatba roeopHa je.o.HHHU.a. <I>OHEMA je HajMatba je3HLIKa

je.O.IIIHHLJ.a. O.o. rnacoea ce cTeapajy pe1.1111. CaM rnac (cJloHeMa) HeMa
3Ha'-letbe, anH cny>KH 3a pa3J1HKOBatbe peLIH. 3aMeHOM rnaca y peLIH
.o.o6Hja ce Hoea pe1.1: 6y pH11H - 6 o pH11H, p oe - 30B, Ka3aH - clla3aH
3HaK KOjHM ce o6ene>Kaea rnac y nHcaHoM je3HKY 30Be ce CJlOBO
HnH rPA<I>EMA
.
PE4 je rnac HJ1H cKyn rnacoea KOjH IIIMa o.o.peljeHo 3Ha'-letbe: cTo,
npo3op,
MacT, HnH, .o.aibe ...
Cl-iHTArMA je cacTaBibeHa OA .O.Be .HJ1l4 BHWe peLIH KOje cy CBOjHM
3Ha'-letbeM 111 cJlYHKU.HjoM y peLieHHU.H noee3aHe y . je,o.Hy u.en111Hy:
cpe.Qtba WKOJ1a, .O.OKyMeHTapHH cJlHJ1M

~~...

WTOKABCKIII D.IIIJAilEKAT
eKaBCKIII 1113roaop

(lll)jeKaacKIII 1113roaop

IIIKaBCKIII 1113rOBOp

wyMaAIIIjCKo-aojaoljaHcKIII

3eTCKO~Y>KHOCaHUaYKIII

nocaBCKIII IIIKaBCKIII

np1113peHCKO-TIIIMOI.JKIII

IIICTOLJHOXepu.erOBaYKIII

PE4EHl-1UA je .o.eo TeKcTa/ roeopa KOjlll ca.o.p>KIII rnaron y J1HLIHOM

rnaroncKOM o6nHKy. Hnp. UpTaM. Pa,o.HM .o.oMallH 3a.o.aTaK. Be3eM
r o6neH .

Pe'-leHHU.Y noLIHtbeMo .o.a nHweMo yeeK eenHKHM cnoeoM, a

3aepwaeaMo Ta'-IKOM, 3HaKOM nMTatba HJ1H y3BIIIKOM.

KOCOBCKO-pecaBCKIII
13

12

II

cb 0

<I>OHETVIKA je ,o,eo HayKe o je3HKY

Kpjr~~

fJlACOBE H 1-bHXOB H3roeop, nOCTaHaK H npoMeHe.

rnac je npor~~3eo,o, pa,o,a roeopHr~~x opraHa, n;t-arJ'OPilie.:TI
Ka npOy'-laBa pa,o, THX opraHa. fnaCOBH Hac~~W-Frl:l'fJI;.
nacKOM ea3,o,ywHe cTpyje Kpo3 roeo
anapa
roeopHH anapaT ca&.~HI-baeajy
nnytia, rp6yauHM

CpnCKM je3MK MMa 30 rnacosa:

25 KOHCOHaHaTa (cyrilaCHIIIKa).

MMWMl\M, AMjacpparMa, AYWHM~, rnacHe >KM~e, je3i.1K,

3aAH>e "' npe,o,tbe Henue, ycHa "' HOCHa ,o,ynlba . Pa,o,oM
Tp6yWHHX MHWHlia H ,lJ,HjacJlparMe Ba3,o,yx Ce OOTHCHe
,H3 nnylia, ,o.ywHHKOM ,o,ocneea ,o,o opraHa roeopHor
anapaTa r,o,e npOH3BO,lJ,H 3BYK KOjH ce y cJloHeTHU.H
Ha3HBa rnac.

,O,eo

j:e GOHO.JiiOf'IMJA :Ko]a te 6'8'B'M

npoy"\\aBallbeM :rfJrl:aaosa Kao TOBOpHMX je;t:UiffU,'tUa trdt
o6efle)Kas.a}:Y pa:an~xy y aHa"lelib'J. rnac c vaKB'OM
QlYHKJ4JIIJ:OM :30Be ,Qe QlOHeMa.
rnacoaM !He.Majy 31i&LJel-be KaAa ce ynoTpe6e
CaM()CT..81.1,HO., t<llevi.M :K8Aa MMajy 3H8'-Ietbe pelfM

Ha'-1

no MeCTY TBOp6e cyrnaCHMKe .QeJlMMO Ha:

3y6He: U, 3, C, Ll, T
ycHeHe: 6, n, M, 8, <I>

A, ~14 iJ!t)IIM ;m;p,et:~,n031.1: (0, C, Y).

3rosapa)yl1M rnacoae y HM3Y o6pa3yjy ce pe'nt M

'feH ue. rnacoe~t1 y pe'-IMMa M pe~ieHVJUaMa

jy

pa3JU1KY

y 3Hal.fett:ty M3Mef)y

1-bl-t:X.

BOKaila (CaMOfi18CHIIIKa) M

C aMornacH"LJ;M cy TnacoaM np1r1 YPI1jeM c-e Pl13 rosopy y ycHoj wynJbiiiHM He craapajy npenpeKe aa3;o;ywHoj cr~yjM. To cy: A, E, lt1, 0, Y.
no TOMe KaKo ce j'e.3MK .Kp.ene 'Y ycHdj wynlbMHM (xoplit30HTanHo:
Hanpe.o.~ HaaaA ., aepTMKanHo::rope ,_ ;o.:on e) caM.oTnacHMKe -;aenMMo
Ha
caMornacHMKe npe.Qtber pe~a: ll1 .., E
caMornacHM.Ke 3a,a.tber p~.o.a: A, 0 .., Y
Cy rnacHMLJ;M cy rnacoa1r1 npMJlMKOM YMjer c e M3roao pa y ycHoj
.o.y nlbM craapa M3pa3MTa npen peKa Kojy aa3,a.y w Ha crpyja Mopa .
caana.a.ar1r1.

.OM~iM:Ke

(se~tit.l~l4~

Hat:~,3y6He:

ll, P, H
npeAH>OHen"faHe: J, 4, b, >K, W, Ib, 1-b, U,
aiU.JJi"OH ,n"t He: K, r' X

no HaYMHY TBOp6e cyrnaCHMKe .QeJlMMO Ha:

CTpyjH : 3, C, .>K, W, <1>, X

np K
:n, 6, T, Ll, K, r
cn~seH.: n,U,4,U,

1l

no 3BYYHOCTM cyrnaCHMKe .QeJlMMoHa:

6e3BY'-4He

Ll

1l >K

Fi . UJ C

15

. . .. .. ,

<I>

;o

rAACOSH Y

r AAeosH-e

J@3HKY

-------I

nPOMeHe

noce6Hy rpyny YHHe coHaHTH. To cy rnacoeH npH

YHjeM CTBapatby Ba3AYWHa CTpyja npona3H HeOMeTaHO
ynpKoc npenpeKaMa Koje cTaapajy AenoaH roaopHor
anapaTa.
CoHaHTH cy: J, P, 11, Ib, M, H, 1-b, B
Oco6HHe coHaHaTa:
- yaeK cy 3BYYHH
aHT P MO>Ke 6HTH-HOCHJlal..\oCJlOra H TaA ce Ha3HBa
o r oTaopHo P {Kpa, TpK, TPY
Mpwaa)

JEllHA4EI-bE CYrllACHl4KA no 3BY4HOCTl4

KaAa ce y peYH Haljy, jeAHO nopeA Apyror, ABa cyrnacHHKa pa311HYHTe
3BYYHOCTH, npBH OA tbHX Ce npHnaroljaaa ApyroM, Tj, npena3H y CBOj
3BYYHH HJlH 6e3ayYHH naptbaK.

spa 5 (3BYLIHo) + (6e3BYLIHo) Ua = spanua

6e r (3BYLIHO) + (6e3BYLIHO) CTBO = 6e KCTBO

CBaT(6e3BYLIHO) + (3BYLIHO) c a = CBaD.ca

no HaYMHY TBOp6e

no
Cillf1BeHif1
MeCTY COHaHTI/1
npaCK3Bif1
CTpyjHif1
TBOp6e r-----r---~--~+---~----~--~----~
3BY4HV1

ycHeH"'

M .

3y6HoycHeHIII

3BY4HV1

6e3~V1

.3BY4HV1

683ErfH1

3BY4H V1 6e3ErfH1

>Keo (3BYLIHO)+ (6e3BYLIH6) Ua = >Keli

5e3BYYHH _cyrnaCHHLJ,H .KOjH HeMajy CBOje 3BYYHe naptbaKe
(<I>; X H U) HcnpeA 3BYYHHX cyrnacHHKa ocTajy HenpoMetbeHH.

3y6HM

j, q, w

>K

u.

lj, u

n, '-i

l4cnpe.Q COHaHaTa - rnaCHHKa (KOjH cy yaeK 3BYYHH), cyrnaCHHU,H He

Metbajy CBOjy 3BYYHOCT_HJlH 6e3BYYHOCT.
M3JleTeTH,~eAMHMTM,CBOjCTBO,TBpAMTM,CJ1MKa

3a,D,tbo-

:-

CoHaHTM He Metbajy CBOjy 3BYYHOCT KaAa ce Haljy HCnpeA 6e3BYYHMX

cyrnacHHKa.
KpCT, JaHKO, WaMnatbaU,, CTpaHKa,nOibCKM

H,Il,p

16

17

O.QCTYnAI-bA O.Q OBOr nPABIIIJlA:

Ka.o.a ce y pe~1.1 cTpyjHH cyrnacHHU.H

cyrnacHHU.HMa C + 41.1CTI.1TI.1 =. W41.1CTI.1TH
'

- 3BY~HO ,U OCTaje HenpoMetbeHO

1.1cnpe.o. 6e3sy~f..tlt1x C 1.1 W

na3 (1.1T1.1) + lbHB

(OACYCTBO, n pep,.ce).lHMK, i1 pe.Q.lllKOflCKJII, OJlWeTaTM,

.. }

= na)f(lbHB

~~

Ka 3(H1.1T1.1) + 1-bHB

Rl

= Ka )f(f-bHB

~ ~-

oeo je,o.Ha"'etbe ce Bp.WH H K8A ~e COH8lfT H Ha1je ~cnpe,D, ycvnmor

cyrnacHMKa 6. TaAa ce H 3aMetby_
j e ycHeHMM cyrnacHMKOM M
n ex a H+ 6
- K8,0.8 Ce 1) Halje 1.1Cnpe,D. H8CT8BK8 -CTBO,
He Metba ce!

HM

=n

xpa M6eHM

~; CTa H+

beHM :::::

CTa M6eHM

'\._
OA6pa M EeHt~~ .
.

= 3ene M 6atl

o.Q6pa H+ 6eHM =

S01jCTBO)

- y HeKHM CTp8HI.1M 1.1MeHI.11\118 1.1

npH,D.eBHMa 1.13Be,D.eHI.1M OA

(Xa6&6ypr,

Xa6.e 6yp.r,OB.LLM,
., aaW&!J.HrTD.HC.KIIJ).

18

- y cno>KeHHu,aMa, KaAa ce

Halje Hen peA n 1.1 6

je.n

0 epKa, CTp

yT, B

pO,ll,CKM, l..lpB

19

y TMt_ta, BOtt

y6a

' " ''''''' "''" '"' ' "'''' "'"' """''' ' '''''''"''""' .. '' '' ' ' ' ''"'' '" ,..'' "r" ' 'u " r'~''' ' " ' '""'''" " '"'"" ' "' ' ''''' ' " ..'''''''"'''"'" "'"'"'''"".....,, __ , ,.,. ..,..,..,,..,...,,..,.,,..,,._.,...,_......,;..,A.oo\.,..,.,.,u.,....,.<>o<>" ''''''" '" """'"'""-.. "'""' "'' """"'' u' ~'"'' '-~ ' ' ........'"""''""'....,. ..... ,,..,.,....,,....,.......,.....4\10 ... ,. ., _

nAilATAI11!13AUI!1JA (npsa nanaTam13au11ja)

~~
CMet-biiiBat-be (aslTepHaU,IIIja) 3a,D,t-bOHen"'aHIIIX cyr11aCHIIIKa K, r Ill X npe,o.t-bOHen"'aHIIIM 4, >K Ill w (na11aTa11111Ma} Ha3111Ba ce nAJlATAJU13AUVIJA.

...,.... .,,.. ,....,.,,,.,._,..,..,,,.,,.,

He

- y 0611111U,111Mcl ,D,eMIIIHYTIIIBa (yMat-beHIIIU.a)

"ayK-ay411111, 5o r -5o>K11111, .o.aX-.o.a WaK

npaa nanaTa111113au,111ja ce apw111 111 y HeKIIIM o611111U.111Ma pe1.1111 ..............

K, r Ill X Haljy IIICnpe,o. E y HaCTaBU,IIIMa 3a 0611111K, Ill Ka,o.a
111cnpe,o, E 111 VI 111 HenocTojaHor A KOjlll cy HacTaBU.III 3a rpalje_t-be
- y npiiiCBOjHIIIM npiii,D,eBIIIMa 1113Be,D,eHIIIM O,D, 11111'-IHIIIX IIIMeHa KOje ce
3aapwaaajy Ha -u.a, U npe11a3111 y 4
-~
M1.1111.1Ua-M1.1JU1'-I1.1H, AH1.1Ua-AHI.141.1H, Jby61.1Ua-Jby61.1'-l1.1tt, Jop1.1Ua - 3op1.1'-I1.1H

- y o611111U.111Ma npe3eHTa HeKIIIX r11aro11a

n11aKaTIII-ni1a4 eM, CTpyf aTIII-CTpy>KeM, MaXaTIII-MaWeM

OACTYnAH:JA OD. 0

- y BOK8TIIIBY je,D,HIIIHe IIIMeHIIIU,a MYWKOr po,o.a

jyHaK-jyHa4e, ,o.yX-,o.yWe, ,o.pyr -.o.py>Ke

or nPA VIllA:

- y npiiiCBOjHIIIM npiii,D,eBIIIMa 1113Be,D,eHIIIM O,D, 11111'-IHIIIX IIIMeHa

'~

~ :t~1 ~}

AH Ka-AH KIIIH, M11111 Ka-M11111 K111H, M111 Ka-M111 K111H, 011r a-On f 111H

<::;,

- y 0611111U,IIIMa KOMnapaTIIIBa Ill cynepllaTIIIBa HeKIIHCl~il/1

jaK-ja4 1.1-Hajja4 111, ,o.yf -,o.y>KIIIHaj,o.y>KIII, TI.1 X-TIII
-HajTIII

~
'

- y 1113Be,D,eHIIIM pe"'III.Ma
MoM a K-MOM 4e, .o.esoj Ka-.o.eaoj ......~>17'\

~~13

..1:/

"'"

~''>'~'''-YH'IW.Wo'.'I ''' """"'"-"- "'"WY>;' 'I''m'Y-'M'.''m."l'r.f,",Y''f,Y.'I'W.V.Y.'t' ...Y"P .'1',.,.':"'N,'II'.7,V/W '.'I.VY'.N,.,}.V..,,Y \Y:Y,'I.W.'I,.,.,OM ".7' .Y,Y W,Y,"?Wr. ' Y"'1'H'Y.Y 'N,'f 'IV "' Y 'IW.9. '1W''9W,'I YY;Y,'f '> '._. ".'-" 'Y',Y ,~Y.W."-YY.\''.Y ' '""""' ''Y- 'I..,.,...N"""' "~' "" .. ,...,...,..,, ...Y.'>' -'" '"'-" ,Y,''H'\II',.,}',-.'>' .. ""'' " " " -'I ' Y.Y,Y'.Y."''I" " " "'-" l-I "'''"">'"' ' "'I}'.V''" ! ,.

.: . -

rJAA<eO~IJI1 ~

IPOA\@ft@
CL4:6VUlAPL.13AUJt1 J A (.a.pyra nanaTanM3aLU1ja)
CMetbMBatbe 38AtbOHen"'8HMX cyrllaCHMKa K, r M X 3y6HMM cyrllaCHMU.MMa U, 3 M C (3 M C cy CM6Ml18HTM) H83MB8 Ce CM6Ml18pM38U,Mja. Oea npoM8H8 ce BpWM M K8A8 ce K, r M X Haljy MCnpeA VI KOjMM nOLIMtbY HaCT8BU.M 38 0611MK
- y HOMMH8TMBy, A8TMBy, MHCTpyMeHTany M 110K8TMBY MHO>KMHe MMeHMu,a MYWK
poAa

opaX-opaC MMa, opaC M

- y A8TMBY M 110K8TMBY je.QHMHe MMeHMU,8 >KeHCKOr pOA8

0./llCTYnAtbA OA OBOr

nPAB~flA

- y 0611MU.MM8 llWIHMX MM8H8

3ar a-3ar M, IlyKa-.nyKM, JoeaH Ka-JoeaHKM
- K8A ce 38AtbOHen"'aHM cyrllaCHMU.M Haljy y rpynaMa 3r, UK, ex, 4K,
nK, TK (y H8KMM MM8HMU.8M8 080 npaBMnO ce He npMMetbyje, Hnp.
6MTKa- y 6MU M)
Ma3ra-Ma3rM, KoUKa-KoUKM, Ma4Ka-Ma4KM, "''eCTMTKa-"''eCTMTKM

- y pe"'MM8 KOA KOjMX 6M npMMeHOM 088 811TepH8U.Mje AOWll AO

HejacH.o lia y 3Ha"'etby
6aKa-6aKM (He 6aU M), Aor a-Aor M (He.Ao3 M), ceKa-ceK M (He ceU H)

pyKa-pyU M

CHaXa-cHaC M

.. y MMnepaTMBY M MMnepcjleKTY HeKMX r11arona

o.o. rn. neliM-ne -:y
MMnepaTMB je ne

a MMnepclleKaT
neu,Mjax

- y M3Be,cteHMI'v'l npMAeBMM8
_
AH Ka-AHKMH, 3ar a-3ar.1.1H, CHaXa-cHaXMH
- y 0611MU.MM8 MMeHMU,a, MCnpeA H8CT8BK8 -e
eojHM K-eojHM Ke, cnyr a-c11yr e, cHaXa-cHaXe

OA rn. CTpMliM CTpMry MMnepaTMB

je cTpM>KM,
a MMnepclleKaT
CTpM3Mjax

~~~

:~

.
I

'~=:.~~.ol ~---

23
.

JOTOBA~E
'

JOTOBAI-bE je rnaCOBHa npoMeHa y KOjoj HeHenlfaHM cyrnaCHMUM .ll, T,

H, 11, 3 ,., C McnpeA coHaHTa J , npena3e y HenlfaHe cyrnacHMKe 1), Fa, 1-b,
Ib, >K ,., W, AOK ycHeHI-1 cyrnacHMUM 6, n, B ,., M ca cyrnacHMKOM J Aajy
rpyne 6Ib, nib, Bib ,., Mib (rpy6JbM, KynlbeH, cnaalbeH, rpMibe).

.ll

l)

Fa

11

+ J =

HCTpyMeHT8J1Y je.QHMHe MMeHM~ >KeHCt< r

6Ib

1-b

nib

Ib

>K

rnaD.-rna'6y 1 cMpT-cMp'hy} Kan -K

,
n~y, 30 6 -.-..~.,~ .

+ J M

Bib
..

... y taop6M pelfM

Mib

npyT-npylie, roaeD.o-roael)M, M3rpaD.MTL!hM3tpa'6.MBaTM

Joroeathe ce jaelba y cneAeni1M cny4ajeBI1Ma:

- y KOMnapaTMBy np11AeBa
6p3-6p>K11, BMCOK-BM WI-1, TBp.lJ.-TBpl) l-1~ JbyT -Jbylil-1, upH-upl-bM

lflt_
..
~:~;;-.6 . f ~~

...-~

.. .

...

- y p -"'MM
MHjeK~Mja.,

y npe3eHTY rnarona
ee3arl1-ee>KeM, n11CaT11-n11WeM, rno,llaTI-1-rllOOeM, 3o6 aTI1-3o6 IbeM

CTYnAtbA 0.0. OBOr OPABit1flA:

a rn p ' 11
KOHjyra"Mja

y a

a atte

- y rnarOilCKOM np11AeBy TpnHOM

poD.I1T11-polleH, MnaTI1TM-Mila'heH, Ma311TI1-Ma>KeH, HOCI1TM-HoWeH

24

": _
.
1'

'

.,

:-

_I

r Aa

e~

(,., e.

A\.

@
IFIJP E' JIJA.3 AJ(_ JlJ YJ

HenocTojaHo A je caMornacH~K Koj~ ce y noje.Q~H~M

o6n~u.~Ma HeKe pe'-1~ nojaalbyje, a y ,apyr~M tbeH~M
o6n~u.~Ma ce ry6~.
.ao6Ap-Ao6pa, Ta'-IA<a-Ta'-IKa, n~cAu.-n~cu.a

npena3aK Il y 0 je rnacoaHa npoMeHa y Kojoj ce Il a Kpajy pe

~Jl~
cnora cMetbyje (anTepH~pa) aoKanoM 0 . 0Ha je ~3Bp
a npe.a paj 14.
8

HenocTojaHo A ce nojaalbyje y:
- y o6n ~KY re H ~T KB a MHO>K~He HeKIIix ~MeH~u.a >Ke~cKo r 1.1 cpe,atber
po.aa
.aeaojKa-.aeaojA Ka, M a'-IKa-Ma ~ Ka, 'je,apo-je.DA pa, nucMo-n~ cA Ma

Ji. . ~

- y HOM~HaT~BY j e.QH ~He ~ reH~T~BY MHO>K~He HeK~X ~MeH~U.a MYWKOr

po.aa
j.Q. nA c-nca,ncy; n~cA u.- n ~cu.a , n~cu.y;
MH. ncH-nA ca, nee; tn ~c u. ~-n~cA u.a, n~cu.~Ma
-y

HOM~HaT ~ay j e.QH~He

MYWKor po,aa Heo.apeljeHor

.ao6A p-,ao6p~ , ropA K-ropK~, ja.aAH-ja.QHa
- y pa3H~M rnarOilCK~M 06Il~U.~Ma
peKAo-peKJla, CT~rA O-CT~rna, jecA M-jeCMO
- y 06Il~KY MYWKOr 6poja je.QaH
je.QAH-je.QHO, je.QHa

H~3(A)

- y

naAe>KH~M 06Jl~U.~Ma, OC~M

MHO>K~He, ~MeH~u.a

HOM,~HaT~Ba jeAH~He ~

Koje 03Ha'-laaajy

Hac-

apw~ou.a

reH~T~Ba

pa,atbe

j.Q. '-I~Tanau. - '-I~Ta O u.a, '-I~Ta O u.y

MH. '-I~Ta 0 u.~ - '-I~Tanau.a, '-I~Ta 0 U.~Ma, '-I~Ta 0 u.e

11 je npewno y 0 , Ha Kpajy pe'-1~ y cne,aen~M cny'-lajea~Ma: _

- y 1. Jl~U.Y je.QH~He MYWKOr po.Qa rnarOilCKOr npH.QeBa pa.QHOr
.QOHe0 O.Q .QOHeila, n~ca Q O.Q n~cail a, M~CJ1~ 0 O.Q M~CJl~ Il a
- y HeK~M ~MeH~U.aMa
cO O.Q coil, B0 O.Q BOil, CT0 O.Q CTOil, COK0 O.Q coKOil
OD.CTYnAI-bA O.ll OBOr nPABif1IlA:
- y HeK~M pe'-1f.1Ma .QoManer nopeKna Il H~je npewno y 0
3Hail aU.-3Hail u.a,
Moll6a, >Kai1 6a, wKoil cK~ , sail',
>KApail , HeBalbail u.a, 6oi1
cTpaHor nopeKna
MeTail , cJ>y.a6ai1 , Mapwail , aKaapeil , KaHail
HeK~M pe'-I~Ma

--

. ;;, ynp~.QeBCK~M 3aMeH~U.aMa

KaKA B-KaKBO, HeKaKA B-HeKaKBa 26

np~.aeaa

TaBKOM -H~U.a (MeCTO BpWetba pa,Atbe)

Y4H0 HHUa, 4HTa0 HHUa, se>K6a0 HHUa, 4eKa0 HHUa, npaOHHUa

- f.1 y

- y npe.ano3~Ma
-.- c(A)-, y3(A) , K(A) ,

a~.aa np~.aeaa

n je npewno y 0 , Ha Kpajy cnora y cne.n.eli HM cny4ajeBHMa:

- y ~MeH~U.aMa Koje cy ~3Be.QeHe o.a pa,aHor rnaroncKor

27

rY51bEI-bE C r J1ACH l'1 KA

. (YnPO,WnABAJ-bE CYrnACHL4.4KL4X
AcH~MHilaU~Ja caMorilact-IHt<a je rnacaeHa hpoMe

Ha

ry6Jbetbe cyrnacHHKa je rnacoeHa

npoMeHa
KojoM ce H36eraea
.a.a ce. y
.
.
.
.

K:Ojoj ce ~OTH caMornacHHU.If1 ca>KHMajy y

'

je,naH CaMornaCHMK. D,o Ca>KHMatba ,D,OJ1a3H jep y CpnCKOM je3HKY ,D,Ba

peYH, je.a.aH nope,o, Apyrora, Haljy ,o,ea MeTa HnM cnHY~a cyrnacHLJ~Ka. -

MeTa eo Kana He Mory cTajaT~ j'e,o,aH .,o,o ,o,pyrora.

6e 3 + 3HaYajHO = 6e 3 + 3HaYajHO =6e 3HaYajHO

con- 11 Ha Kpajy pe'-iH je npewno y

6one CT+ Ha = 6one CHa

na ,D,06HjaMo COO, a ca>KHMatbeM

caMornacHHKa - CO.
eny~J~ajeelti .

- ce y teop6M Haljy HCTH

cyrnacHHU.H
.
.

..

.. y

n
8TM -

p4J

6e3 + 3 ByYHH = 6e3 ByYHH

Q ...

KTy

'fMTAAX -

- y 06J1HU,HMa Ca BHWe CflMYHMX cyrnaCHHKa

MTA X

no3opH WT + Ha = no3opH WHa, MaCT + Ha = MaCHa,

npM.QeBCKMM 3aMeHMt.ta a

era - Kora (npeo je Mcnano J , na CMO .a.o6MnH KOErA, na ce E M3jeA

H8'1Mfl0 ca

paCT + Ila = paCila

0 M A06MnM CMO KOOrA, M Ha Kpajy KOrA)

O.QCTYnAI:'bA O.ll OBOf

T&ojera .. TBora, caojera - caora, Mojera .. Mora

. - Y CflO>KeHie1M
.

peL~MMa y KOjlJI,M a ce je.QHa peLf 38B,pWiaBai ,

HaJJe.ci>THHHjH, HaJJaCHMjH, HaJJy>i<HHjM, HaJJaYM .

a ,o,pyra
MCTHM

300llO>li11Ut .

nPAB~IlA:

- y cynepnaTHBY npM,o,eea KOjH noYMtbY ca J

O.QCTYnAI:'bA O.Q OBOr nPABIIIIlA:

. . .

o.O + .OenHTH = o.OenHTL-1, 6e3 + 3 aKotbe ~ 6e3 aKotbe,

cTOO .. e

C1i

Y cnyYajeeHMa Ka,o,a:

en A ftMM

a;

~ HaKOH npenacKa I1

eoHna

a n OMeHa ce

- y Manoivl 6pojy cno>Ke.HMu,a

no.Q.QHjaneKaT, Ha.Q.QMjaneKaTCKM, npe.Q.Qp>KaBHM, npCTHM,
noTUeHMT~,noT4 MHHT~

ri00Apacna

nOOpaTH

.. L l ..................

..

HQ C . 06 AMJla"fKM .

- y HeKH.M CTpaHr,.tM peY~Ma

a36eCTHM, . rMMH83M CTKMtba, MOAL1CTK1i1'tba, npoTeCTH w

n004MM '

"I

28

29

JKI@IIA'
AKI...\eHaT je noce6HO HCTHI...\atbe ja~HHe H BHCHHe je.QHOr Clldta
HllH je.QHOCilO>KHe pe~H y pe~eHHI...\H . . C11or KOjH je Harnawe lfii!!J"'f~\
aKI...\eHTOBaHH CilOr.
CpncKH je3HK HMa 4 aKI...\eHTa (ABe CHlla3Ha ,., .QBa Y3Ila3Ha)
.

KpaTKOCMJ1a3HM

,o.yrOCPIIJ1a3HPII

KpaTKOY3J1a3HPII

33

,o.yroy3J1a3HPII

'

CnoroBH, y 3aBHCHOCTH OA KBaHTHTeTa aKI...\eHTa, Mory 6HTH .QYrll1 ,.,

KPATKIII .
Y 3aBHCHOCTH o.q KBallHTeTa aKI...\eHTa Mory 6HTH CII111A3HII1 ,., Y311A3HII1 .
Mo>Ke

6HTII1

caMo

CAMOrllACH111K - 11111111

.QBOCilO>KHa
pe"'

je.QHOCllO>KHa
pe"'
"

I\

BII1WeCilO>KHa

pe~

pe~

I: I " I I r:~I " 1-- I I

I ,-~ I

Maj, nefl

TpOCllO>KHa

,A

KaneTaH,
reHepal...\111ja

Kyfla, Hi>ra,
pyKa, cywa

Tell e B1113111j a,
HallOrO.QaBal...\

HeaKI...\eHTOBaHe AY>K.II1He (-) ce jaBibajy nocne aKI...\eHTOBaHII1X cnoroBa,

Hnp.
y reHII1TII1BY MHO>KII1He CBII1X 111MeHII11...\a ( ja6yKa, .QeBOjaKa ).----------,
y reHII1TII1BY je.QHHHe 111MeHII11...\a >KeHCKOr po.qa (1113 6awTe) ~--"'
_a_"j_ _--1
y npe3eHTY (neBaM, neBaw)
Kana
y rnaro11cKoM np111nory ca.qawtbeM 111 npownoM
llaB
(~~Tajyli111, yKpasw~) ,

. .3Ha~etby pe~111

AKI...\eHTII1 MOry 6111TII1 HOCII101...\111 pa311111Ke y

nA>KibA!!!
KpaTKOCMJ1a3HM

rilABHA nPABlllilA AKUEHTOBAtbA Y CT

CPnCKOM JE3VIKY

-I

Pe"'H K<;>je HMajy cBoj aKI...\eHaT cy HarnaweHe pe~H. 0He Koje HeMajy cy
HeHarllaweHe pe~H ,., H3roBapajy ce 3aje.QHO ca HarnaweHo,M pe~H ,.,
3aje.QHO ~HHe aKI...\eHaTCKY 1...\ellHHy.

AKI...\eHTOBaHH cnor
CJ10rOTBOPHO P.

MecTo aKI...\eHTa y cpncKoM je3111KY Hll1je noTnyHo c11o6o.QHO.

aK~eHaT - owTpa ,., c11111a3Ha 111HToHal...\111ja. Cnor 1113a

tbera je 3HaTHO HII1>KII1 TOH. (neCMa, Kyfla)

AyrocMna3HM

8KL\eHaT - HHTOHal...\111ja y npBoM .qeny pacTe, a 3aTII1M

cnywTa .qo Kpaja 1113roBopa (npaB.qa, Ty>KaH)
KpaTKOy3na3HM aK~eHaT - KpaTKa Y3Ila3Ha 111HToHai...\Hja, cnor nocne
tbera (3a pa311HKY o.q KpaTKOCHlla3Hor) ce 6naro netbe (Hora, V.rpaTH)
.Qyroy3J133HM aK~eHaT - 111HToHal...\111ja pacTe .qo Kpaja 1113roBopa (rnaBa,

.qoKa3HBaTH)

HeaKI...\eHTOBaHe (nocTaKI...\eHaTcKe) AY>KII1He ce jaBibajy noc11e aKI...\eHTOBaHor cnora. BoKall ca AY>KII1HOM ce H3roBapa .qyro, 6e3 HarnawaBatba
(KaneTaH, celbaK

30

Pa311111Ke y KBa11111TeTy
Jly Ka (MYWKO 111Me)
pasaH (111MeHII1~a)

11y Ka (npMCTaHMWT )
paeaH (npMA B)

CyHI...\e
MajKa
HajMalbe
MallH

Pa311111Ke y KB3HTII1TeTy
rpa.q (sa pow)
rpaA (neA)
ny K (AeO Kpyra)
ny K (6Hn,Ka)

ceno
AaneKo

Pa311111Ke y KBa11111TeTy 111 KBaHTII1TeTy

KynH H (na3apH H)
.. nHT"' (nplt1Kyn
fiypaK(fiypaH)
fly paK(6yHAS)

8TH)

Pa311111Ke y MecTy aKI...\eHTa

n . aJa H ( TajaTH Man )
nOCTaja VI (HaC ajaTII1)
HOBMH8
(H BOCTM)
.
HO. HHe (wTaMna)

j~HOM

oapowMqa
npM"'aTH
6Hlla
r11asa
TpaBa

31

J KI @HJ , _.
1. no.qeJntTe pe'-1 Ha cnorose, Hnp . .qo-na-3H.-TH_
2. O.qpe.qHTe MecTo

aK~eHTa

- cnor
KojH ce HajrnacHHje '-lyje je HarnaweH,
y OSOM npHMepy je npsH: .Q0-na-3HKo.q aK~eHaTCKHX .qy6neTa A03SOibeHa je ynoTpe6a HCTe
C pa3JlH'-IHTHM aK~eHTOSatb.eM~
eHe- eHe
TOHa -T6
Te e- Te6e.
"'OBe - 6 e
Be>K6aOHML\3 - Be 6a6 H ~
He~o-He

nPOKJll4TIAKE

3. O.qpe.qVITe .qa IlH .qyr HJlH KpaTaK

(noHasibajTe pe'-1 sHwe nyTa ,., jacHo
fleTe '-IYTH .qa je osaj cnor KpaTaK)

EHKJI~TL4KE

4. Ca.qa o.qpef]yjeMo KsanHTeT

Y HaWeM je3HKY nOCTOje H pe'-IH KOje HeMajy aK~eHaT H '-IHHe H3rOSOpHy
.~enHHY ca pe'-ljy H3a HJlH Hcnpe.q ce6e. Ta HeHarnaweHa pe'-1 3aje.qHo ca
Harnaw~HOM H3rosapa ce Kao je.qHa aK~etHaTcKa 1.1en t.1 Ha~ YcnpasHHM
~pTaMa no.qeJlHilH CMO ose pe'-leHH~e Ha aK~eHaTCKe ~eJlHHe.
CyH~e jelsHco~olo.qcKOYHno . .QasHo jeiAHrnolpocylca nHTOMHX. IAOilHHa.

nPOKJllllTIIlKE - '-IHHe H3rosopHy

~eJlHHY

r,

aK~eH

Ta (Y31la3HOCT HJlH CHJla3HOCT) .

1113rosopHTe jow je.qHoM osy pe'-1,
HHTOHa~Hja cnora H3a Harnawe~:~or
ce 6naro netbe, 3Ha'-IH oso KPATK&Il
Y3JlA3HII1 aK~eHaT)

5. Cne.qeflH KopaK je . .qa cTaSHTe

ca pe'-ljy 1113A ce6e

aK~eHaT

H3Ha.Q CaMOrJlaCHHKa (HilH

CJlOrOTSOpHOr P) y OSOM Clly'-lajy

To cy o6H'-IHO
- npe.qno3H (ca, Ha, npe.q, y, no.q, o, Kpo3, MTA.)
- se3HH~H {H, na, a, jep, .QOK, allH, HT.Q.)
.. pe'-l~e (He)
y .QHY, o.q KYliE, Mef]y 1-blllMA , (jaK) ,., ClllllAH

EHKJllllTIIlKE - '-IHHe H3rosopHy ~enHHY- ca p.e'-ljy lllCnPE.Q ce6e

To cy o6H~Ho
- HeHarJlaWeHH 0611H~H JlH'-IHHX 3aMeHH~a (caM, CM, je, CMO CTe cy, 6MX,
6H, 6HCMO, 6HCTe, fly, flew, fle, fleMO, fleTe, fle)
- HeHarnaweHH o6JlHK nospaTHe 3aMeHH~e (ce)
- KpaflH 06JlH~H JlH'-IHHX 3aMeHH~a y na.qe>KHMa {Me, Te, ra, MH, TH, My, joj,
je, jy, Hac, sac, Hx)
- ynHTHa pe'-l~a 11111
3rP41110 je, .QOlilll fly, JA caM, nEBAO je, .Blll.QIIlM sac
32

npe nO'-IeTKa aK~eHTOSatba HeKOr

TeKCTa sa>KHO je .qa 3HaTe npaBHila
{Koja CMO b6jaCHH11H Ha npeTXOAHHM
cTpaHaMa), a TO cy, .qa no.qceTHMO
- je.qHOCJlO>KHe pe'-IH HMajy CaMO
CII1JlA3HE aK~eHTe
Ha nPBOM cnory Mory HMaTH CBE ar.M~
rOSHMa SHWeCilO>KHHX pe'-IH MO
HlllJE HlllKA.Q AKUEHTOBAH , anH
cKe AY>KHHe
'-1 - JE.QAH aK~eHaT
33

~u.LUI.:;;,

X TEKCTOBA

Ban O

a -an He 0 a Ba
y cae , na ce

' ca

YA 8

He a 0 ra
A aKne, Ta o a n ona, Hero A yra
C y j S,A 0
CS y 6aHa
BO

0 A3

PY r, - He ,
>tOlls

S 0, HelleMO BaM Ka3a , A3 He 6 CS ,

t<pllt ao HM
aanM M r113naran ra n oAc ex , nowTo OHo HMje HM HajM tb
33 cse o s wTo he ce oaoj n Ill ae._.M nplll'iaTM.
n ocne aKo
Ta, OHO M HMje ceno, Hero a o w ._.a. Ta K011MK je caMo OHaj
KH c OKaK ca Kpaja Ha Kpaj, a KOI1MKo TeK anMx coKat<a liiMa, a c Ill
11t OKM! J aTo HMj8AaH Hlilje KanApMMCaH, a Hlitje HHKaAa Hilt 6 rllo.
MHa, no.o.cMesajy MM ce TeM~~twsa p'-'111 a cy MM aapowKe Kpaae
Ojene TpOTOap, 3Jlllt TO je c aMo j 8AHa n aKOCT, jep . TpOToapa 3SIItCT8
MKa,Q Hlilje Hilt 6 r.1no.

MopcJ>onor~~tja

je .a.eo HayKe o je311tKY Koja ce 6ae~~t PE4t.1MA - tblltXOBIItM

epcTaMa, o6n~~tu,~~tMa 11t rpaljetbeM.
YTBpljeH lit CT311HIIt CKyn rnacoea CBaKe peLfllt npeHOCIIt 3H3Lfetbe peLfllt
(WKOJ1a, CHer, CMeX).
CeaKa peLf ~~tMa ceoje 3HaYetbe 11t Kao TaKee oHe cy 03HaKe pa3HIItx nojMoea (Tpaea, 6~~t6J111tOTeKa, CTOJ111tLJ,3, nplltLf3TIIt) KOje yna3e y peYHIItLfKIIt
(J1eKCIItLf K11t) cJ>OHA Hawer je311tKa. 0He ce HaJla3e y peYHIItL.I,IItMa lit H3311tBajy ce jow neKceMe (peY~~t).
PeLfllt MOry lltM3TIIt BlltWe 3H3Lfetba (JllltCT - .o,eo 611t1bKe, KOMa.O, nan~~tpa,
.o.eo Hore, MopcKa p1r16a; KlbYH - .o.eo nTHLfjer Tena, epx onaHKa, .o.eo
6po.o.a), caMo je.o,Ho 3HaYetbe (3HA, necaK, u,Hrna, TpaKTop, cHplie, ... )
PeLfH lltMajy cny>t<6y y peYeHHLJ,H. Kao T3KBe MOry HM3TIIt .
CSMO j&.QSH, CTSn.SH 06nMK (HenpOM8HlbMB8) - jyYe, MHOfO
BMW& pa3nM'IMTMX o6riMKa (npoM&HlbMBe) - ceno, cena, ceny
PeLfllt ce npeMa rpaMaT~~tLfKOM 3HaYetby, npeMa npoMeHibHBOCTH o6nHKa .o.ene Ha

n
r.1MeHr.1'-'e
'

en a,

'

ene, eni

,non nHpa H non Cn~~tpa" - CTeeaH CpeMa~

J ECEH
(npsa cTpo<t>a)
K'o r 6 pAa '-'aPH'-'a 1r1 6 ajHa, ca cHo noM JnaTHora
Knacja,
Ha nolby J eceH cTOjH. Ca tbeHe APa>KecHe rnaae
fl MCHaTIItX Mpe>Ka cnn eT y apo6HO cn y wTa ce
AOne, .
.Qo caMe MHplltCHe Tpaee.
BojHcnae lf1nHfi

34 .

E H Ib VI 8
npr.1AeBr.1

3aMeHr.1'-'e

ja, mene, meni ,

lepi, lepog, lepom
mene

H E

rnaronr.1

6pojeer.1

pi{em , pi{e{

dve, dveju,
dvema

E H Ib VI

npr.1no3r.1

npeAn03r.1

Be3Hr.1'-'r.1

y3Br.1'-'r.1

pe~'-'e

zato
sasvim

pred
posle

iii
dok

jaoj
ura

mejutim
ba{

Meljy npOMeHibHBIItM peYHMa HMa pe"tllt KOje Ce He MOry MetbaTH HJlH HM

je npoMeHa orpaHH"teHa (ocHOBHH 6pojeBH , noM. rnaron jecaM), a KOA
HenpoMeHibHBHX HeKe HMajy BHWe 0.0. je.O,HOr 06JllltK3 (KOMnapau,Hja
npHnora)
(/

~OPcbOAOPHJA
nPOMEHJbvtBE pe'-11.1 ce ,o.e11e Ha
.
- HMeHCKe pe'-11.1 (HMeHHU,e, 3aMeHHUe, npH,D.eBH 1.1 6pojeBH)
- rnaro11e
VfMeHcKe pe'"ll'J' ce no o6nHUHMa pa3nHKyjy o.o. rnaro11a 1.1 T()-=
- no POllY (npHpo,o.HH 1.1n1.1 rpaMaTH'"IKH): MYWKH, >KeHCKH 1.1 cpe,o.tbH
npHpO,D.HH: BH,D.IbHBa pa3nHKa y nonOBHMa (6a6a, ,o.e,o.a)
rpaMaTH'"IKH~ Cpe,ri,tbl.1 po,iJ, 6Hlla, anCTpaKTHe HMeHHUe, ;JaHHMatb~, KO,D. '
OHHX KOjH HMajy je,o.aH Ha3HB 3a o6a nona (rene, ,o.ere, ncHXHJarap,
6on, ... )

- no 6POJY (rpaMaTH'"IKH): je,D.HHHa 1.1 MHO>KHHa

- no nAD.E>KY: ce,o.aM na,o.e>KHHX o6111.1Ka 3a 03Ha'"laeatbe o,o.Hoca pe'"IH
y pe'"leHHUH

~MeHCKe

pe'-11.1 HMajy 3aje,D.HH'"IKY OC06HHy, ,o.a Ce Metbajy no

na,o.e>KHMa. npoMeHa HMeHCKHX pe'"IH no na,o.e>KHMa ce Ha3HBa
D.EKJlvtHAUvtJA

fnaronH cy HCTO TaKO npoMeHibHBe pe'-11.1, anH tbHXOBe OC06HHe

03Ha'"laeajy ,o.pyre rpaMaTH'"IKe KareropHje:

- llvtUE: npeo (Koje roeopH), ,o.pyro (Koje je caroeopHHK), rpelle (nHue

KOje HHje npHCYTHO)
- BPEM E: ce,o.aM rnaroncKHX epeMeHa (npe3eHT, nepcpeKaT, n11yCKBaMnepcpeKaT, aop1.1cr, HMnep<IJeKaT;-ct>yryp I 1.1 cpyryp II)
.
- HA4VfH : liiMnepaTHB 1.1 noreHUHjan - ,o.ea r11aroncKa Ha'"IHHa, KOJHMa
ce HCKa3yje eras roeopHor 111.1ua
- fllAfOll C Kvt POD.: npena3HH, Henpe11a3HH 1.1 noepaTHH 03Ha'"laea ce
O,D.HOC npe,D.MeTa pa,D.tbe 1.1 BpWHOUa pa,o.tbe
- fllAfOJlCKvt B vtD.: cepweHH 1.1 HecepweHH- 03Ha'"laea ce pa,o.tba no
CBpWeHOCTH 1.1111.1 HeCBpWeHOCTH
- fPAMATVf4Kvt POD.: MYWKH, >KeHCKH 1.1 cpe,o.tbH
- fPAMATVf4KIIt 6POJ: je,D.HHHa 1.1 MHO>KHHa
FnpoMeHa r11aro11a no epeMeHHMa, Ha'"IHHHMa 1.1 11HUHMa ce Ha3HBa
KOHJYf AUVfJA.

36

VfMeHHUe cy npOMeHibHBe pe'-11.1 KOje

vtMEHYJY (.o3Ha'"laeajy) npe,o.Mere, 6Hlla,
nojaee, yonwre nojaM, Kao cKyn oco6HHa.
no 3Ha'"letby HMeHHUe ,D.e11HMO .Ha:
3AJED.Hvt4KE (onwre) - HMeHa 61.1lla, npe,o.Mera, nojaea ca 3aje,o.HH'"IKHM
OC06HHaMa : C&CTpa, MajKa, KO~, Ma~Ka, nac, nMCT, nMCMO, ayT06yc,
. je3epo, oceKa, aeTap
BllACTvtTE - 111.1'-IHa ~MeHa 1.1 Ha.D.HMUH lbYAH: TaTjaHa, MapKo, Tatba,
. 6aHe; HMeHa >KHBOTHtba: Ja6naH, 3eKot-ba;reorpacpcKa MivleHa: Eapona,
Hoa1.1 Caa, T1.1ca, KonaoHMK; MMeHa He6ecKMX Tena: CyH~e, Mece~,
3eMiba
Oee HMeHHUe HeMajy MHo>KHHy. llf3y3eTaK: AMepMKe (ceaepHa 1.1 jy>KHa),
06e M1.1n1.1u.e (cy 3aKaCHMne).
351/fPHE - 03Ha'"laeajy BHWe 6Hlla 1.1111.1 npe,o.MeTa HCTe BpCTe KOjH ce
Ha11a3e y Heo,o.peljeHoM 36Hpy: .a.palbe, .o.eu.a, rocno.a.a, n1.1w1ie, ~ee'lie,
.o.yrMa.o., jar~a.o.
Oee HMeHHUe o6nHKOM je,D.HHHe 03Ha'"laBajy MHO>KHHy, Te H~Majy
MHO>KHHCKe 0611HKe.
fPA.llllfBHE - tbHMa ce 03Ha'"laBa HeKa uenHHa HnH HeKa K011H'"IHHa
MarepHje (rpalje) 1.1 Hajl\t'latby 1.1 Hajeelly: ylbe, MacT, eo.o.a, co, necaK,
WlbyHaK, 38Mib8, H8cpT8, 3n8TO, Mn&KO
0611HKOM je,D.HHHe 03Ha'"laBajy CBaKy KO
o6nHKe MHO>KHHe) - je.QH8 Kan ylba 1.1 CTO n
MvtCAOHE (ancrpaKTHe) - tbHMa ce 03Ha'"laea
wro ce 3aMHWiba, ocella, yo'"laea: 6on, ~e>K~a,

fllAfOJlCKE - tbHMa ce 03H8'-IaBa Ha3HB pa,o.tbe

Konatbe, BO>Ktba, CTapetbe, ceo6a
6POJHE - oee HMeHHUe cy Hacrane o.o. 6pojeea 1.1 HMeH ~.-.r
HOCT: neTOPHUa, TpOjKa, CeAMHUa, MHnHOH
37

DPH.A.~P>H
HeKe
MMeHML4e . o6n1.4L4111Ma
MHO>KM_He
03Ha'laaajy nojeAMHa'IHe . npeAMeTe cacTaaibeHe HajMatbe OA AB Aena - PLU ..
RALIA TANTUM (caMO MHO>KIIIHa) - apaTa,
ycTa, naHTanoHe, MaKa3e, caHKe, Hao'laplll,
a111ne,
6orMtbe,
KapnOBI..\111,
Bpe01.4111,
lleAIIIHL4111.
~MeH11114e KOje IIIMaj'y CaMO jeAHIIIH H33 Ba. jy ce - SINGULARIA TANTUM (caMo jeAHIIIHa) - AeTe, Hoaa Bapow, rap
HeKe 3ajeAHIII'IKe IIIMeHIII~e HeMajy npaB III11HY MHO>KIIIHy, OAHOCHO .
0611111Ke MHO>KIIIHe KOjlll H3CTajy AOAaBatbeM H3CTaBaKa 33 M~O>KIIIHY Ha
IIICTy OCHOBy:
- IIIMeHIII~a 'IOBeK HeMa MHO>KIIIHY -oveci, Bell Ce K30 0611111K MHO>KIIIHe
KOpiiiCTIII IIIMeHIII~a IbYAIII
- 3ajeAHIIIYKe IIIMeHIII~e AeTe, 6paT IIIMajy 33 MHO>KIIIHY 36111pHe MMeHIII~e
Ae~a, 6palia jep HeMajy MHO>KIIIHY OA IIICTe OCHOBe
- 3ajeAHIII 'iKe IIIMeHIII~e KOje npeMa jeAHIIIHIII IIIMajy npa811111HY MHO>KIIIHy,
311111 OA tbiiiXOBe 3ajeAHIIIYKe OCHOBe nOCTOje Ill 1113BeAeHe 36111pHe
IIIMeHIII~e

rpM - rpMOBIII, rpMlbe

paAHIIIK - paAHIII~_III, paAHIIIWTBO
npcTeH - n pcTeHOBIII, npcTetbe

npHAeBH cy BpCTa npOMeHibi'IBL'IX,

HeCaMOCT31lH~X<~

pe'llll KOje CTOje y3 IIIMeH III~e Ill 03H3'13B3JY

QC05~HE TIIIX IIIMeHIII~a (M113A3 >KeHa, BIIICOKa 3rpaAa,
MlllpHo Mope). noHeKaA ce ynoTpe6Ibasajy Kao caMocTa11He pe'llll.

Kao HecaMocTa11He pe'llll, npiiiAeBIII A06111jajy 03HaKy poAa, 6poja 111

naAe>Ka IIIMeHIII~e y3 Kojy cToje (xpa6pa AeaojKa, xpa6pe AeaojKe,
xpa6p111x AeaojaKa ... )
Y peYeHIII~III IIIMajy C11y>K6y 3Tp1116yTa 11111111 C11y>K6y IIIMeHCKOr Ae11a
npeAIIIKaTa (Bif1COKA n113HIIIHa; n11aHIIIH3 je BMCOKA).
no 3H3Yetby npiiiAeBIII MOry 6111TIII:
On~CHif1 (KB311111T3TIIIBHIII) - 03HaYaBajy OC06111He l1MeHIII~a Y3 KOje CTOje
-n11aB, HOB, BIIICOK, nOHOCaH,CH3>K3H,lby6a3aH,CMe~
nP~CBOJHif1 (noceCIIIBHIII) - 03HaYaaajy nplllnaAatbe M~CTOpOB, H111K011111H,CeCTp111H,OYeB, 5paHKIIIH,AeAIIIH, WK011CKIII
rPA.Qif18Hif1 - 03HaYaBajy cacTaB (OA Yera je) IIIMeHIII~e y3 Kojy CTOje 3113T3H,neWY3HIII,ApBeH,0110BHIII,K3MeHIIICBIII11eH
BPEMEHCKif1 - 03HaYaaajy apeMe Ha Koje ce OAHOCIII IIIMeHIII~a y3 Koj y
npiiiAeB CTOjlll - A3H3Wtblll, BeYeptblll, jecetblll, 3111MCKIII
MECHif1 - 03HaYaaajy Ha Koje ce MecTo OAHOCIII IIIMeHIII~a y3 Kojy npiiiAeB
CTOjlll - AOtblll, roptba, AeCHIII, 11eBIII, 33Atblll, npeAtblll
npiiiAeBIII pa311111Kyjy:
O.QPE"DEHM BMA (Kpaf'IM o6nMK) - xpa6ap, n11as, 11ena
HEO.QPE"DEHM BMA (AYJKM o6nMK) - xpa6p111, n11as111, 11ma
Pa311111Ka je 3aCHOBaHa Ha pa311111.KOBatby n03HaTOCTIII (11111111 Hen o3H3TOCT111) nojMa y3 Koje npiiiAeBIII CToje. Oay oco6111Hy noceAyjy caM o
OniiiCHIII npiiiAeBIII, a OCT311111 IIIMajy C3MO 11111111 HeOApe~eHIII 11111111 C3MO
OApe~eHIII BillA.

38

39

'

'

ep

noPe
(

3A

11M J

nopeljel-be npr.1.a.eea (KoMnapai.-'Mja) je npoMeHa onMCHMX npM.a.eea (M

HeKMX npMnora) KOjMM Ce MCKa3yje CTeneH y KOjeM je OC06MHa HeKOr
6Mlia MflM npe.QMeTa M3pa>KeHa y O.QHOCy Ha MCTY OC06MHY .a.pyror 6Mlia
r.1nr.1 npe.a.MeTa.
Cal-ha je .a.o6pa, anM MMpjaHa je 6oJba. ltlnaK, 3opMI.-'a je Haj6oJba.
CMcTeM nopeljel-ba:
n03lt1Tlt18 - (ocHOBH M npr.1.a.ee) 03HaYaea oco6MHa nojMa y3 KOjM npr.1.a.ee
cTojM - A~.-'a je xpa6ap .a.eYaK.
KOMnAPATl-18 - (nper.1 cTeneH nopeljel-ba) 03HaYaea ce oco6MHa y
BMWeM CTeneHy O.Q OHe MCKa3aHe n03MTMBOM - MapKO je xpa6pMjM .QeLfaK
O.Q A~.-'e.
CYnEP.flATl-18 - (.a.pyrM . cTeneH nopeljel-ba) 03HaYaea oco6MHY y
HajBMWeM CTeneHy (O.Q CBMX nojMOBa KOjM Ce nope.Qe) - neTap je
Hajxpa6pMjM.
KoMnapaTMB ce rpa.a.M .a.o.a.aeal-beM HacTaeaKa Ha ocHoey (no3MTMB npM.QeBa)
Mna.a.+Jl-1 = MnaljM
xpa6p + ltlJl-1 = xpa6pr.1jr.1
nen + Wl-1 = nenwr.1
CynepnaTMB ce rpa.a.M .a.o.a.aaal-beM npecpMKca HAJ- Ha o6nMKe KOMnapaTMBa
HAJxpa6pMjM, HAJnenwM, HAJMnaljM

HEnPAf3VU!lliiY

M, A , ALU1JY l1:M!AJY
j

en

.a

nl-1 n l-1.0.

.a.o6ap - 6oJbM - Haj6oJbM

MaJU1 - Mal-bM - HajMal-bM
380 - ropM - H8jropM

3aMeHMI.-'e cy apcT8 npoMeHJbMBMX peYM Koje cny>Ke 38 ynyliMBal-be Ha

nMI.-'a, npe.a.MeTe M oco6MHe. 0He 38Mel-byjy MMeHMI.-'e r.1 npM.a.eee.
M8j8 M l-'1B8H8 .Q06po CBMp8jy KflaBMp. 0He lie CBMpaTM H8 KOH~.-'epTy H8
wKoncKojnpMpe.a.6M.
npeM8 TOMe .Q8 flM 38Mel-byjy MMeHMI.-'e MflM npM.QeBe .QeflMMO ,.,X Ha:

~J Ml

E H ~~ l.IJ K E

3 A M 'E H Ill U E

0He He 38BMCe O.D, APYfMX peYM y peYeHMI.-'M, Tj, C8MOCT8flHe cy.

To cy:
Jli/1'-IHE - ja, TM OH, OHa, OHO; MM, BM, OHM, OHe, OH8
.fli!1LIHA 3AMEHI!1UA 3A CBA .fli!1UA - ce6e, ce
Yni!1THO - OJlHOCHE - Ko (3a nMI.-'a), wTa (3a CTB8pM)
HEO.llPEJ;EHE - HeKo, HewTo
O.l1PI!1LIHE - HMKO; HMWTa
OnWTE - CBaKO, CB8WT8
nPOMEHA 111MEHlt14KII1X 3AMEHII1UA
Jll44HE 3AMEHVIUE (je.QHMHa r.1 MHO>KMHa)
"

1, flllll.4e jA.

' 3. IH.te jQ. MYW<III .

3. flf11!.4e jA. >KeHCKI!1

111 c.peAtblll POA

POA

HOMMHaTMB

ja

OH,OHO

OHa

reHMTMB

MeHe, Me

tbera, ra

tbe, je

MeHM,MM

tbeMy, MY

tboj , joj

MeHe,Me

tbera, ra, tb

tby, j e, jy

MHCTpyMeHTan

MHOM

tbMM

tbOM

flOKaTMB

MeHM

1-beMy

tbOj

,.,
BOKaTMB

'"'
!

.' ~ :. ~ '

OHO

ja
senVIK

40

H8jeelir.1

41

...

naAe>K

1.

IU1~e MH.

.in~rrr~
"'U'

3.

HOMIIIHaTIIIB

Mill

[il!l

OHIII

reHIIITIIIB

Hac

tbiiiX, IIIX

,QaTIIIB

HaMa,HaM

lEEB
l::Iilttill [ffim

tbiiiMa , 111M

aKy3aTIIIB

HaC

[ffii3

tbiiiX, IIIX

BOKaTIIIB

{ill}

Ill HCTpyMeHTaJ1

Ha M a

r:r.r.~

flOKaTIIIB

HaM a

:"'F.I ;F.-

-:

Y pe"4eHMLU1 MMajy cny>K6ynpMJ;l8BB, ynoTp861biBijy C8 y3 C8MOCTIJ1HI

fllll~e MH.

p e "4M Koje 6nM>Ke Ol:lpel)yjy.

nPII1CBOJHE

(nocecMBHe) 03Ha"'aeajy nplllna.Qal-be cTeaplll 111 61111ia noje-

AIIIHIIIM flllll..\IIIMa

1.
,.

J11.1Ue je.QHI.1Ha: MOj, MOja, MOje; MOjlll, MOje, MOja MHO>KIIIHa: HaW,

Hawa,Hawe;Hawiii;Hawe,Hawa

2.

J1111Ue je,QHIIIHa: TBOj, TBOja, TBOje; TBOjlll, TBOje, TBOja MHO>KIIIHa:BaW,

tbiiiMa

eawa,eawe;eawiii,Bawe,eawa

tbiiiMa

3.

n111ue je.QH1.1Ha: 1-beroe, 1-beroea, 1-beroeo; 1-beroelll, 1-beroee, 1-beroea . _.

MHO>KIIIHa: 1-biiiXOB, 1-biiiXOBa, 1-biiiXOBQ; 1-bi.JIXOBIII, 1-biiiXOBe, 1-biiiXOBa; 1-b-MH; .

YnVITHE

H O.QPE"DEH

HOMIIIHaTIIIB

KO

WTa

HOMIIIHaTIIIB

HeKO

HeWTO

reHIIITIIIB

Kora

"'era

reHIIITIIIB

HeKor

He"'er

,QaTIIIB

KOMe

"'eMy

,QaTIIIB

aKy3aTIIIB

Kora

WTa

aKy3aTIIIB

BOKaTIIIB

BOKaTIIIB

IIIHCTpyMeHTan

KIIIM

"'ll! Me

IIIHCTpyMeHTafl

HeKMhll

He"'MM

flOKaTIIIB

KOMe

"'eMy

flOKaTIIIB

HeKOM

He"'eM

O.QPif1'-IHE

'

HeKOMe He"'eM
heKOt

Hewro

On WTE

HOMIIIHaTIIIB

HIIIKO

HIIIW.T a

HOMIIIHaTIIIB
.. .

reHIIITIIIB

Hill OA KOra

HM OA "'era

reHIIITIIIB

csaKor csa"'er

,QaTIIIB

HMKOM

HM"'eM

,QaTIIIB

CBaKOM CBa"'eM

aKy3aTIIIB

HMKOr

HIIIWTa

aKy3aTIIIB

csaKor csawTa

BOKaTIIIB

IIIHCTpyMeHTaJ1

HM ca KIIIM

HM Ca "'IIIM

flOKaTIIIB

Hill 0 KOMe

HM 0 "'eMy

BOKaTIIIB

CBaKO

csawTa

IIIHCTpyMeHTan CBaKIIIM CBa"'IIIM

J10KaTIIIB

CBaKOM CBa"'eM

.. .

nOKA3HE yny1'1yjy HI J1MU.I M Mp8.QM8T M HI l'bMXOB8 OC06MH8

1. DM UI OBij, OBI, .OBOj OBM, OB8, .OBI (HB J1MU.8 M np8.QM8T8)
.

OBOJ1MKM,OBOnMKI,OBOJ1MKO;OBOJ1MKM,OBOJ1MK,
oaonMKI . (HI KOJ1M"'MHY M BlslM"'MHY)
OBIKIB, OBIKBI, OBIKBO; OBIKBM, OBIKBB (HI OC06MH8) .
2. Dlr1UI TBj, Tl 1 TO; Tlr1 1 "i'l, Tl
.
.

TBKBB,TIKBI,TIKBO;TIKBir1,T8KB8 1 TIKBI
TOnlr1Kir1 1 TOnlr1KI,TOnMKO;TOJ1MKir1,TOJ11r1K8,TOJ11r1KI
3.DH UI OHB),OHI,OHO;OHir1 1 0H8 1 0HI
OHIKIB,OHIKBI,OHIKBO;OHIKBir1,0HIKB8,0HBKBI
OHOnMKir1,0HOnlr1KI,OHOJ11r1KO;OHOJ11r1Kir1 1 0HOJ1MK8~0HOJ11r1KI

O.llHOCHO-Ynii1THE

ynoTpe6.rbaeajy ce y yniiiTHIIIM pe"'eHIIIUaMa, a y

38BIIICHIIIM IIIMajy ci>YHKUIIIjy Be3HIIIKa

38 KOfliii"'IIIHy : KOfliiiKIII , KOJ1111K8, KOJ1111KO; KOfliiiKIII, KOJ1111Ke, KOJ1111K8 38
61111ia Ill c:reaplll: KOjlll, KOja, KOje; KOjlll, KOje, KOja .
3aOC06111He: K8K8B, K8KB8, K8KBO; K8KBIII, K8KBe, K8KB8

3A CBAKO flllll.,tE

(nospaTHa)

HOMIIIHaTIIIB

reHIIITIIIB

ce6e

,QaTIIIB

ce6111

aKy3aTIIIB

ce6e , ce

BOKaTIIIB

IIIHCTpyMeHTan

co6oM

HIIIKOjlll, HIIIKOja, HIIIKOje; HIIIKOjlll, HI.JIKOje, HIIIKOja

flOKaTIIIB

ce6111

Hlf1"11.1jlf1, HI.JI"'IIIja, Hlll"'lllje; .HIIILIIIIjlll, HIIILIIIIje~ HIIILII.1ja

42
'-.

1-biiiHa, 1-biiiHO;_1-biiiHIII, 1-biiiHe, tbiiiH8

3a nplllna.QHOCT: "'llljlll, "'lllja, "'lllje; "'llljlll, "'lllje, Ylllja

0JlPif1'-IHE

03Ha"'aBajy HeKO OAPIIIL.\81-be

Hlf1K8K8B, Hlf1K8KB8, Hlf1K8KBO; HIIIK8KBIII, HIIIK8KB8, HIIIK8KBO, Hlf1K8KBIII,

HIIIK8KBe,HIIIK8KBa

43

H
Pa3111f1LIIf1Tif1 06111f1L..I,If1 je,o,He HMeHCKe peLIH Ha3HBajy ce nA.QE)I(~.
npH11HKOM npoMetie no na,o,e>KHMa Metba ce caMo o6nHK, He 111 3HaLietbe
peLIH Koja ce Metba.
npoMeHa no na,o,e>KHMa ce Ha3HBa ,o,eK11HHau,Hja.na.o.e>KHMa ce
npHKa3yje o,o,Hoc nHu,a H111f1 npe,o,MeTa npeMa oHoMe wTa 3HaLie ,o,pyre
peLIH y peL1eHHL..I,If1.
Y cpncKoM je3HKY nocTojH ce,o,aM na,o,e>Ka y je,o,HHHH 111 ce,o,aM y
. MHO>Kif1Hif1.

HOMVIHAT~B

1iHB -

na.QeJK

nHTatba: KOME? 4EMY? ca 111 6e3 npe,o,11ora

npe,o,no3H: K(a), npeMa, 6111113y, ynpKoc, HacynpoT
3HaLietbe - 6e3 npe,o,11ora: HaMeHa, cy6jeKaT, LJ,HJb, eTHLIKH,
npHCBOjHH
3HaLietbe - ca npe,o,no3HMa: npaeau, (u,HJb) KpeTatba, o6jeKaT
cJlYHKLJ,Hja: HenpaBH 06jeKaT, 110rlf1LIKif1 cy6jeKaT, npH110WKa
o,o,pe,o,6a 3a MecTo, aTpH6yT, npaeH o6jeKaT
npHLiao je.MaMH. MeHH ce cnaea11o. ~.o.e 11eKapy. ~.o.e npeMa
,D,BOpHWTy.

- HeaaaMcaH naJJ.e>K

nHTatba: KO? WTA?

3HaLietbe: cy6jeKaT, HMeHCKH ,o,eo npe,o,HKaTa, cy6jeKa,T y e11HnTHLIHHM
peLieHHU,aMa
cJ>yHKLJ,Hja: rpaMaTHLIKH cy6jeKaT, lf1MeHCKif1 ,o,eo npe,D,_
HKaTa, rpaMaTHLIKH
cy6jeKaT
KopHCTIII ce 6e3 npe,o,nora 111 !liMa caMocTanHo 3Ha4el-be saH pe4eHHL.le.
MapKo LIHTa. OH je ,o,oKTop.no>Kap!

AKY3ATII1B - 3 BIIICa

na.D..e>K

nHTatba: KOrA? WTA? ca 111 6e3 npe,o,11ora

npe,o,1103H: y, Kpo3, Hlf13,y3, Ha,o,, npe,o,
3HaLietbe- 6e3 npe,o,11ora: o6jeKaT, cy6jeKaT, epeMe, Mepa,
u,eHa, KOflHLIHHa, >KeJba
3HaLietbe - ca npe,o,no3HMa: MecTo, npaeau, KpeTatba, epeMe,
HaLIHH, y3pOK, o6jeKaT
cJlyHKLJ,Hja: npaBH o6jeKaT, HenpaBH o6jeKaT, npM110WKe
o,o,pe,o,6e 3a MecTo, epeMe, HaLIHH, y3poK, norHY 111
cy6jeKaT
HayLIH111f1 cMo necMHu,y. 1-by je cpaMoTa . .Qo6po eeYe! OTHwao je y
WK011y. MHC111f1M HaHaC.

nHTatba:. O.Q KOrA? O.Q 4ErA? ca lf1 6e3 npe,o,nora

npe,o,1103H: C(a),o, 36o r,nope,o,,,o,o,H3,oKo,H3Me~y,ycpe.o.,

H3Ha,o,, Hcno.a
3HaLietbe - 6e3 npe,o,11ora: npHceojHH (nocecHBHH), ,o,eoHH
(napTHTHBHH) , Onlf1CHif1 (KBa11HTaTif1BHif1), cy6jeKaT,
BpeMeHCKH (TeMnopapHH), nopeK110 (a611aTif1BHif1)
3HaLietbe - ca npe,o,no3HMa: nopeK110 (a611aTHBHH), MecTo,
BpeMe,HaLIHH, y3pOK,HaMepa,o~eKaT

cJ>yHKLJ,Hja: aTpH6yT, npaBH 06jeKaT, npH110WKa o,o,pe,o,6a 3a

MeCTO, 3a epeMe, 3a HaLIHH, 3a y3pOK, 3a HaMepy,
110r HL1KH cy6jeKaT, HenpaeH o6jeKaT
To je Kana Mor ,o,pyra. BpaTHO ce c neToeatba. Y3~o je Mallo M11eKa. Eeo
MaMe! CBaKOr jyTpa KynyjeMO HOBHHe.

3ae~t~caH

~
II

l.~-- --- ~

nHTatba: XEJ! OJ! yeeK 6e3 npe,o,11ora

3HaLietbe: ,o,o31f1Batbe, o6paliatbe, y encKHM necMaMa je
cy6jeKaT
cJlyHKLJ,Hja: HeMa cpyHKLJ,Hjy, a11111 y enCKHM necMaMa je
rpaMaTHYKH cy6jeKaT
Xej, yYeHHLie, ,0,0~111 OBaMo! nporoeapa KpaJbeBHliy MapKO

_ ., ___
' ~
. . : _
. .: ,.' :. _
. . . . ~
,

--------..J

Ar

rnaronl'l cy npoMeHibl'IBe, HecaMocTanHe peLil'l, Koje 03HaLiaeajy paAtbe,

cTatba l'l11l'l 36l'IBatba.
nl'ICaTl'l, AOJ1a3l'ITl'l, nyTOBaTl'l; U,pBeHeTl'l, BeHyTl'l, CTapliiTl'l; CeBaTl'l,
Hao6naLil'ITl'l ce
0Hl'l ce Metbajy no lll'IU.l'IMa, epeMeHl'IMa l'l HaLil'IHl'IMa. npoMeHa rnarona
ce Ha3l11Ba KOHJYrAUII1JA. 111Majy POA lll 6poj.
0A11l'IKe KOje cy CBOjCTBeHe CaMO rnarOlll'IMa cy r11a~OJ1CKl'l pOA,
rnaroncKl'l Bl'IA, nr..tl\e (Ml 3aMeHMUe), rJiaroncKo epeMe l'l rnaroncKl'l
HaLil'IH

nl'ITatba:C(A) .Klf1M? 4111ME? ca l'l 6e3 npeAnora

npeAn03l'l: c(a),Ha,Me~y,noA, npeA,3a
3HaLietbe. - 6e3 npeAnora: cpeACTBO,
opy~e, HaLil'IH, MecTo,
I
epeMe, y3poK, o6jeKaT \

3HaLietbe - ca npe,li,ll03l'IMa: APYt0Teo, o6jeKaT, HaLil'IH, MecTo,

Onl'ICHlii,BpeMe
CIJYHKU,l'lja:HenpaBl'l o6jeKaT, nplii110WKe OApeA6e 3a HaLil'IH,
MeCTO,y3pOK, BpeMe,aTplll6yT
111wnl'l cy nyTeM. npliiLiaj ca MHOM. 111wao caM ca ApyroM Ha l'l3neT. H
MO>KeW l'l3alil'l Ha Kpaj C AeLil'IU,OM.

nl'ITatba:Q KOME? 0 4EMY? yeeK ca npeA1103l'IMa

npeAn03l'l: o,Ha,y, no, nplll
3HaLietbe: o6jeKaT, MeCJO, epeMe, HaLil'IH
CIJYHKU,l'lja:HenpaBl'l o6jeKaT, _ nplii110WKe OApeA6e 3a MeCTO,
epeMe l'l HaLil'IH
Ha TaBaHy l'IMa _MHOrO CTBaplll. npl11Lia11l'l ~MO 0 npeACTaBl'l. CeAeO je
Ha natby . .Uona3l'IM y cenTeM6py.

0 .n C K M P 0 .a
(rnaro.n~e~ npeMa npe.n.MeTy pa.QI-be)

r .n A r

C o63lllpOM Ha npeAMeT paAtbe rnaronl'l Mory 6l'I_Tl'l:

nPEJ1A3HVI (Tp8H31r1Tir1BH1r1) - 0Hir1 38XTeeajy o6jeKaT Ha KOMe ne ce
BpWir1Tl'l paAtba - 6au,lr1Tl'l (llOriTy), cenl'l (ApBa), BOJ1eTl'l (Cl'IH8)
HEnPEJ1A3Hif1 - OHl'l He 3axTeeajy o6jeKaT - cecTir1, l'lnl'l, ne>KaTir1, 6neAeTlii,TpL1aTir1,6onoeaTl'l
nOBPATHII1 (pee1JneKCir1BHir1) - OHlll rriarOlllll KOjlr1 y3 ce6e l'IMajy peLIU.Y
CE . .Uene ce Ha:
nPABE nOBPATHE - peLiu,a CE ce MO>Ke 3aMeHl'ITl'l noepaTHOM 3aMeHir1u,oM CE5E - cnpeMl'ITl'l ce, yMir1BaTl'l ce, LlewlbaTl'l ce
HEnPABE nOBPATHE - peLiu,a CE He Mo>Ke ce 3aMettlr1Tl'l 3aMeHl'IU.OM
CE5E - lbYTliiTl'l ce, 6ojaTl'l ce, '-~YA1r1Tir1 ce
Y3AJAMHO-nOBPATHE (peL(lllnpOLIHe) - paAtbe KOje epwe HajMatbe ABa
epwlllou,a Me~y co6oM - peaTl'l ce, TyliH ce

KaAa pa311l'ILil'ITl'IM naAe>Kl'IMa l'ICKa3yjeMo l'ICTO l'llll'l cnl'ILIHO 3HaLietbe,

l'ICTOj Clly>K6l'l y peLieHl'IU,l'l, Ka>KeMO Aa cy Tl'l naAe>Kl'l Cl'IHOHl'IMHl'l.
Cy6oToM l'IAeMo Ha l'I3JleT. (liiHCTpyMeHTan)
CeaKe cy6oTe l'IAeMo Ha l'l3neT. (reHl'ITliiB)
Knyna ce Hana3l'l l'lcilpe.o. Kylie. (reHl'ITliiB)
Knyna ce Hana3l'l npeA KylioM. (liiHcTpyMeHTan)
nac je nerao nopeA Kopne. (reHl'ITliiB)
nac je nerao Y3 KOpny. (aKy3aTliiB)
CBl'IAeo Ml'l ce jeAaH Ae'-iaK nnael'lx OLil'ljy.(reHl'ITliiB) .
CBf.IIAe Mf.il ce jeAaH AeLiaK ca nnaBl'IM OLil'IMa. (liiHCTpyMeHTall)

49

48

\/ ~~

CI11HOIHIAML1JA nA.OE>KA

0 A

-~--~------------------------~----------------------~

II.

PAAPOAC H BH X
(P AAPOAM UPC! MA TPAJAH, Y PA.A.H,C!)

rnaroncKt.1 o611t.1U,t.1 ce npaee OA t.1Hcpt.1Ht.1Tt.1BHe 1.1 npe3eHTcie r11aroncKe

OCHOBe:

C o631.1poM Ha Tpajal-be paAI-be rnaro111.1 Mory 6t.1Tt.1 :

HECBPWEHI/1 (MMnep$eKTMBHM) - 03HaLtaeajy paAI-hy,

cTal-be 1.1111.1 361.1Bal-be HeorpaHt.1YeHor Tpajal-ba - weTaTt.1, jecTt.1,
CYMI-baTK .
yyecTa111.1 (t.1TepaTt.1BHt.1) .- paAI-ba ce noHaelba - jaelbaTt.1 ce,
KYU.Kan~

CBPWEHI/1 (nepcpei<TM.aHM) - 03HaLtaeajy paAI-hy, cTal-be

11111.1 361.1Bal-be L1t.1je je Tpaja~e orpaHt.1LteHo Ha jeAaH cepweHt.1 ,
TpeHyTaK =- . AOlit.1, yn1.1TaT1.1 . ce, . nojecTt.1, nocyMI-baTt.1. Jle11e ce ,_;;ij~~!3
Ha:

l-1HCI>l-1Hl-1Tl-18HA OCHOBa ce A061.1ja

- KaA OA61.1jeMO HaCTaBaK -Tt.1 OA t.1Hcpt.1Ht.1Tt.1Ba r11ar011a
(nt.1ca -Tt.1, neea -Tt.1, c11ywa Tt.1)
- KOA rnaro11a KOjt.1 ce 3aepwaeajy Ha -l11.1 t.1HQ>t.1Ht.1Tt.1BHa ocHoea ce
A061.1ja OA npeor 111.1U,a jeAHt.1He aopt.1CTa KOMe OA61.1jeMO HaCTaBaK -OX
(ceK-ox, CTI.1r-ox, peK-OX)
- r11aro111.1 KOjt.1 ce y t.1Hcpt.1Ht.1Tt.1BY 3aepwaeajy Ha -Tt.1, a111.1 t.1Majy 1.1cnpeA
HaCTaBKa cyr11aCHIIIK C (n11e CT1.1, ce CT1.1) t.1Hcpt.1Ht.1Tt.1BHY OCHOBY rpaAe KaO
r11aro111.1 Ha -n1.1 (nneT-ox, ceAOX)
nPE3EHTCKA ocHoea ce A061.1ja
- OA Apyror 111.1U,a jeAHt.1He npe3eHTa, KaAa OA61.1jeMO 111.1LIHI.1 HaCTaBaK -w: n1.1we-w, neea-w, n11eTe-w, cnywa-w

no'-iett'lo- cepweHe: nOTpa>Kt.1Tt.1, 3aneeaTt.1, nporoeopt.1Tt.1

. - (CBpWeH je .nOLteTaK .paAI-be, t.13a KOjer paAI-ba MO>Ke TpajaTt.1 1.1
. HeorpaHt.1LteHo)
. 3.aepwHo-eepweHe: nont.1Tt.1, np<?Yt.1TaTt.1, t.1CKOpt.1CTit1Tt.1, AOnt.1
(3HaYe cepweTaK paAtt,e, npe Kojer je Morna TpajaTt.1
HeorpaH t.1YeHo)

noMOnHt.1 rnar0111.1 y cpnCKOM je31.1KY cy: JECAM, 5l-1Tl-1 t.1 XTETl-1

HeKt.1 o611t.1U,t.1 noMonHt.1X rnarona cny>Ke 3a rpaljel-be c11o>KeH1.1x r11aro11CKt.1X 06111.1Ka.
jeAHt.1Ha

TpeHyTHo-cepweHe: cecTH, nacTt.1,TpenHyTt.1, 11yn1.1Tt.1

(03HaLtaeajy KOja ce u,e11a t.13BpWt.1 y jeAHOM TpeHyTKY)

JlBOBH.llCKH - .l-bt.1Ma ce t.13pa>Kaea 1.1111.1 HecepweHa 1.1111.1

CBpWeHa .paAI-ba. 8 1.1A MO>KeMO OApeAHTH CaMO y peLteHI.1U,t.1
(KOHTeKCTy) ..
To cy: YYTI.1, Bt.1AeTt.1, pyYan-1, eeLtepaTt.1, TenecpoHt.1paTt.1 .

. 50

AY>Kt.1 t.1 Kpant.1

06111.1~1.1

MHO>Kt.1Ha AY>K"' ..., Kpan...,

1. 111.1(\e

jecaM, caM

2.11H~e

jecH, c1.1

2.11H~e

J.111.1~e

jecTe, je

3.

1.

IlH~e

11H~e

o6111.1~,..,

jeCMO, CMO
jecTe, cTe
jecy, cy

KopMCTM ce 38 rpaljetbe nep<t>eKTa (caM ceMpao)

OAPWIHM 0611MK
je.QHHHa

~MnEP<I>EKAT

AY>KH 06111.1 ~...,

MHO>KHHa

AY>KH 06111.1~1.1

1.

111f1~e

Hlf1C3M

1. 111f1~e

Hlf1.CMO

2.

111f1~e

Hlf1Cif1

2.111f1~e

Hlf1CTe

Hlf1CTe

3.111f1~e

Hlf1CY

3.111f1~e

,,

je.Q.Hif1Ha

1.

111f1~e

2.

111f1~e

3.111f1~e

I~

nPE3EHT - C8MO AY>Kif1 06111f1U.M

je.Q.Hif1Ha

AY>Kif1 o611J..1~H

MHO>Kif1H3

AY>Kif1 0611 lf1 ~lf1

111f1~e

6y.QeM

1.

111f1~e

6y.QeMO

2.111f1~e

6y.Qew

2.111f1~e

. 6y.QeTe

3.111f1~e

6y.Qe

3.111f1~e

1.

111f1~e

2.111f1~e

3.

111f1~e

2.

111f1~e

AY>Kif1

111f1~e

2.111f1~e

3.11HL\e

<l>YTYP.I
je.QHHHa
1. -nan"e
2. -nMI.(e
3. nMI.(e

2.111f1~e
3.111f1~e

AY>KH 0611 lf1 ~lf1

6ejaCMO, 6eCMO
. 6ejacTe, 6ecTe
6ejaxy, 6exy

Ef3AKTH~

MHO>KJ..1Ha

1.

6y.QeM 61f1o
6y.Qew 61f1o
6y.Qe 6J..1o

111f1~e

2.111f1~e
3.111f1~e

AY>Kif1

o611J..1~H

6y.QeMO 6J..1111f1
6y.QeTe 61f1111f1
6y.Qy 61f1111f1

~MnEPAT~B

6y.Qy

je.QHHHa

AY>Kif1 0611 lf1 ~...,

1. 11~'-'e
2. 11ML\e

3.nll'il.(e

MHO)f{ltiHa .

1.

111,.1-~e

2.111f1~e

6y.Qif1
(HeKa 6y.Qe)

3.lllf11..\e

AY>Kif1 0611 lf1 ~lf1

6y.Qif1MO
6y.Qif1Te
(HeKa 6y'Ay)

nOTEHU~JAil

o611J..1~H

MHO>Kif1H3
1. 111f11..\e

61f1X
61f1_
6H

2.111f1~e

3.

111f1~e

06111f1~J,1

je.Qiilf1Ha

61f1CMO
61f1CTe
61f1we

1.

111f1~e

2.111f1~e

3.111f1~e

nePmEKAT 1
. je.Q.Hif1Ha
1. 111.1~e

111f1~e

1.

o611J..1~H

jeAHif1Ha

1.

1.

3.111f1~e

KopMCTM ce 3a rpaljetbe
cJ>yTypa II (6y.QeM cslf1pao) , lllli'Iti~~=~h'JIIl~!l!~r~~t;
tr-1
...
.
-u
.......
~ ll!i.:.llJ'f;'r-:u,
noTeHu,Mjana
(61f1x
celf1pao)
...
-....
AOP~CT

MHO>KJ..1Ha

<I>YTYP
je.QHJ..1Ha

,.

AY>Kif1 o 611 lf1 ~ lf1

6ejax, 6ex
6ejawe, 6ewe
6ejawe, 6ewe

MHO>Kif1H3 .

o611H~J..1

caM 61f1o
Clf1 6&.10
je 6J..1o

1~.\L .
. .

1.

6J..1X 6J..10
61f1 61f10
6J..1 6J..10

o6111.1~J..1

fly 6MTI1~ 6Mf1y

flew 61tnt, 6MT1ew
fie 6MTM, 6Mfle

1 ..11H~e

fleMO 61f1TH, 61.1fleMO

fleTe 61f1Tif1, 61f1fleTe
fle 61f1Tif1, 61f1fle

rnaroncKH npHnor npowm1 5~BW~

rnaroncKH npHnor catJ,aWI-bH 5Y.QYn~
52

111f1~e

2.111f11.\e
3. 111f1~e

01.1
blf1 J,1
cy 61f1111f1

MHO>Kif1H3

3. 111f1L\e

MHO)Kif1H3

o6n1.1~1.1

06111f1~J,1

. 2.111f1~e

AY>KH o611J..1~H

53

AY>Kif1 06111.1 ~lf1

61f1CMO 61f111 lf1
61f1CTe 61.1111,.1
6J..1 6J..1111.1

'

XTETH.

111M n E P<l> E KAT

nPE3EHT - HMa .Qy>Ke H Kpane 0611HKe

AY>KH H KpaliH o6nH~H

j e.QHHHa

1.

nH~e

0611M~M

1.

MHO>KHHa AY>KH H KpaliH o 6nH~H

1.

xoliy,liy

11M~e

xoliew, flew

2.nM~e

xolieTe, lieTe

3.nH~e

xolie,lie

3.11M~e

xolie, lie

xoliax

1.

nH~e xoliacMo

3. rn1~e xo1iawe 3. 11M~e

xoliaxy

0611H~H

MHO>KHHa

0611H~H

Heliy

1. 11H4e

HelieMO

2. 11M~e

Heliew

2.nH~e

HelieTe

3.nM~e

Helie

3. 11M4e

Helie

1.

11M~e

j.Q

1.

11M~e

XTeX,XTe,QOX

MHO>KHHa

1.

nM~e

0611H~M

1.

11M~e

MH

1.

o6nH~H .
..

nH~e

XTe.QHHMO

2.11H4e

XTe.QHH

2.11H4e

XTe.QHHTe

3. nH~e

(HeKa xofle)

3.11H~e

(HeKa xolie)

XTe, XTe,Qe

2.nM~e

XTeCTe, XTe.QOCTe

3. 11M~e

XTe, XTe,Qe

3. 11M~e

XTewe, xTe.Qowe

r naroncKH
npMnor
npOWilH
XTEBWII1

nOTEHUHJAII

<I>YTYP
MHO>KMHa

1.

0611H~H

XTeCMO, XTe.QOCMO

2. 11M~e

jeAHMHa

11M~e CMO xTenH

3. 11M~e je xTeo

111MnEPATII1B

AOP111CT
0611H~H

1,

MHO>KHHa

KopHCTH ce 3a rpaljetbe cJlyTypa I (ny MrpaTH)

j e.QHHHa

11M~e caM xTeo

<DYTYP- Bf3AKTtU1

O.QpWIHH 0611HK
je.QHHHa

1.

2. 11M~e xoflawe 2. nM~e xoliacTe 2. nM~e eM xTeo 2. nM~e cTe xTenM .

xolieMo,lieMo

2. 11H~e

11H~e

MH

11H~e

0611H~H

0611M~H

lieMO XTeTM, XTelieMO

2. 11H4e

JieTe XTeTH, XTelieTe

3.nH~e

lie XTeTH, XTelie

6H XTeO

r 11ar011CKH
npHnor
ca,aawtbH
XOTEnlll .

54

!.~------------~----~--~----~

111Mn.E_P<I>EKAT (npeljawtbe Mece,pweH,o

llH'-IH~ ,

CpncK~ je3~K ~Ma

14 r11aro11cK~x o611~Ka.

epeMe epwet-ba: Ayro y

npOWllOM pa/l,t-bOM
rpaljet-be: ~Hcf>~H~T~BHa

rpyn~WeMO ~x Ha:

.
.
Jllii4HE (9) ~ HEI1lii4HE (5) Ha OCHOBY rpaMaTW-IKOr 11~U.a
nPOCTE (9) ~ CJlO>KEHE (5) Ha OCHOBY Ha'-I~Ha rpaljet-ba.

npoCT~ ce rpa/l,e y3 nOMOn ~Hcf>~H~T~BHe ~.il~ npe3eHTCKe OCHOBe ~

HacTaBaKa a c11o>KeH~ Oil. noMonH~x r11aro11a ~ He11~'-IH~x r11aro11cK~x

'

o611~Ka (r11aro11cK~ np~AeB~ ~11~ ~Hcf>~H~T~B).

jA
1.11
2.11
3.11

npOCT

r11ar011CK~ 0611~K

npow11ocT~ ~11~

~11~

o611~~~

napa11e11Ho ca HeKOM /l.pyroM

npe3eHTCKa OCHOBa

-.- '~..

'-I~T-ax ,

'-ly-jax, n11eT-~jax
'"'~T-awe , '-ly-jawe , n11eT-~jawe
'-I~T-awe , '-ly-jawe , nlleT-~jawe

eJpeM~ el :

MH
1.11
2.11
3.11

HaCTaBU.III

'!' ,';ji<,'' .'""!i

0611~~~

.;~--

"

'-I~T-aCMO ,

'-ly-jaCMO, nlleT-~jaCMO
'-I~T-acTe , '-ly-jacTe , nlleT-~jacTe
'"'~T-axy , '-ly-jaxy, n11eT-~jaxy

rpa/l.~

ce caMo Oil. HecepweH~x r11aro11a.

Oeaj o611~K ce cee pelje Kop~cT~ y caepeMeHOM je3111Ky.

ABE3EHT (ca.nawtbe epeM~)

11~'-IH~,

npocT r11aro11CJ<~ o611~K

epeMe epu.iet-ba: y TpeHyTKY roeopa

jeAH~Ha

0611~~~

1.
2.
3.

n~we- M

11~~e

11~~e

n~we-W

11~~e

n~we-0

o611~~~

MHO>K~Ha

1.
2.
3.

11~~e

n~we- Mo

11~~e

n~we-Te

11~~e

n~w-Y , ~rpa-jY , eo11-e

nEP<I>EKAT (npowno speMe)

11~'-IH~,

C110>KeH

r11aro11cK~ o611~K

epeMe epwet-ba: y 61l~>Koj ~11~ Aaiboj npow11ocT~

rpaljet-be : i<pan~ o611111K noMonHor r11aro11a jecaM ~
rip1.11/l.eB pa/l.H~

rpaljet-be: npe3eHTCKa OCHOBa ~ HaCTaBU.~

rnaro11cK~

AOPII1eT (n,peljawl-be cep;we~Q ~~~M~j)

11~'-IH~,

jeAH~Ha

npocT r11aro11cK~ o611~K

. 1.
epeMe epwet-ba: pall.t-ba je KpaTKO Tpaja11a ~ 3aepw~11a ce y
TpeHyTKY roeopa ~11~ y Henocpe/l,HOj npOWllOCT~
rpaljet-be: ~Hcf>~HMT~BHa OCHOBa ~ HaCTaBU.~
jeAH~Ha

1.

11~~e

2.11~~e
3.11~~e

o611~~~
6a~~-X ,

peK-OX
6a~~-0 , pe'-1-e
6a~~-0 , pe'-1-e

MHO>K~Ha

0611~~~

11~~e

6a~~-CMO ,

2.11~~e

6a~~-CTe ,

3.11~~e

6a~~-we ,

1.

56

peK-OCMO
peK-OCTe
peK-owe

2.

11~~e
ll~~e -

3~ 11~1..\e

o611~~~

caM

ce~pao

c~ ce~pao

je

ce~pao

MHO>K~Ha

o6n~~~

1.

n~~e

CMO

CB~pa11~

2.

11~4e .

CTe

CB~pall~

. 3. 11~~e

cy

ce~pa11~

KPI-blll nEP(J>EKAT je nep<t>eKaT . 6~3 noMonHor rnaro11a, : ail~ r~~Ma

3Ha'-let-be nyHor nepcf>eKTa y clly'-lajee~Ma Ka/l,: .-- je y pe'-leH~U.M 6ap jeAaH llM'-IH~ r11aro11cK~ o611HK (Cn1rao je VI OANiax
11erao.)
- je y pe'-leH~U.~ noce6HOM pe'-ljy ~cTaKHYT cy6jeKaT (CT~rao nepa.)
- y TpeneM 11~u.y jeAH~He KO/l. npae~x noepaTH~x r11aro11a (YM~11a ce.)
57

mJtYt~ lfl3'~M n E-P <1>-E KA] " {~~ e_Ho) rn t;tQWJil~OJ Et@.-e.M,eJ)J

PAi\POACKH Hi\lfHHH

IU1LfHIII, CJlO>KeH rnar011CKVi 0611111K

epeMe epwel-ba: y npow110CTIII npe HeKe .o.pyre npow11e pa.o.l-be
rpaljel-be: nepct>eKaT 11111111 IIIMnepct>eKaT noMonHor r11aro11a 6111TIII 111
rnaro11cK111 np111.o.ee pa,D,HIII
j,q

61-10 caM CB&.1pao, 6ejax (6ex) CB&.1pao

1.11

2.11 61-10

c~-1

1.11

CB1-1pao, 6ejawe (6ewe) CB&.1pao 2.11

61-10 je CB&.1pao, 6ejawe (6ewe) CB&.1pao

3.11

MH

o6m11..11-1

0611&.11...\&.1

3.11

61-1111-1 cy CB1-1pa111-1, 6ejaxy (6exy) CB1-1pa111o1

epeMe epwel-ba: pa.o.l-ba ne ce .o.eciiiTIII y 611111>t<oj 11111111 .o.alboj

,
6y.o.ynHOCTIII
,
rpaljel-be: Kpanlll o611111K npe3eHTa noMonHor r11aro11a xT~TIII 111
Ill Hci>IIIH Ill Till B
.
06111-11...\&.1

MH
1.11

2.11

fly CB&.1paTH, CBHpaliy

flew cB1-1pan1 , CBHpaliew

2.11

3.J1

lie CBHp<fTI-1 , CB&.1palie

3.11

lie CBHpaTI-1, CB&.1pafle

j,q

0611HL.\&.1

MH

o611HL.\&.1

1.11

lieMO ,qoliH, ,qOlil-1 lieMO

2.11
3.11

lieTe ,qoliH , ,qoli~-1 lieTe

lie ,qoliH, ,qol'l~-1 lie

liy

2.11
3. 11

flew
lie

,qoli~-1 ,

,qoli1-11iy

,qoli~-1 , ,qoli~-1
,qoli~-1 ,

flew
,qoli1-11ie

1113pa>Kaea:3anoeecT, >Kelby, Mon6y

rpaljel-be: o.o. o611111Ka 3. n111u,a MHO>KIIIHe npe3eHTa o.o.6111jeMo
HaCTaBaK Ill ,D,O,D,aMO HaCTaBKe 3a IIIMnepaTIIIB
j,D,
1. n
2.n
3.11

06J11111...\III

YLf- 111, CBIIIpa-j

(HeKa YLflll , HeKa CBIIIpa)

MH
1. n
2.n
3.11

06Jlllll...\lll
.
yLf- IIIMo, ce111pa-jM0
yLf- IIITe, ce111pa-jTe
(HeKa yLfe, HeKa CBIIIpajy)

0611&.11...\&.1
lieMO CB1-1paT&.1 , CBHpalieMO
fleTe CB1-1paTI-1 , CB&.1pafleTe

1.11

H6'H1H)

JliiiLfaH, npOCT r11arOJ1CKIII 0611111K

61-1111-1 cTe CB1-1pa111-1, 6ejacTe (6ecTe) CB1-1pa111-1

JliiiLfHIII, CJlO>KeH Ill npOCT rnar011CKIII 06J1111K

j,q

fi1MnEPATfl18 {3anoBe.QHM

61-1111-1 cMo CB1-1pa111-1, 6ejacMo (6ecMo) CB1-1pa111-1

~ YliYP ~6Jy A'~Ytie s~pe.MJe')

1.11

03Ha"'aaa ce cTaa roaopHor nMu.a npeMa pa.QtbM Koja 6M Tpe6ana .Qa ce

.QOrO.QM. CpCKM je3MK MMB .O.B8 rnaronCKB H8"1MH8, ~68 cy nM"'H8 M y
pe"'eHMU.M cy y cny>K6M npe.o.MKaTa.

<li>'Y liYP Ill {cpy1iyp e~r3a.KTiifiMJ , npe~6 YAYlil1 e apeMe)

11111-LfHIII , C110>KeH r11arOJ1CKIII 06J1111K
epeMe epwel-ba: pa.o.Hsa ne ce .o.eciiiTIII y
6y.o.ynHOCTIII, -npe HeKe .o.pyre 6y.o.yne pa.o.l-be
rpaljel-be: . npe3~HT noMonHor r11aro11a 6111TIII 111
rnaro11cKM np111.o.ee pa.O.HIII j,q

o6nl-1l,.\l-1

MH

0611&.11...\&.1

1.11

6y,qeM CBHpao

1. 11

6y,qeMO CB&.1pa11H

2.11

6y,qew CBHpao

2.11

6y,qeTe CBHpa11&.1

3.11

6y,qe CB&.1pao

3.11

6y,qy CB&.1pa11H

58

nOTEHUfi1JAI1 {MoryliM Ha"'lf1H)

11111LfaH, cno>KeH rnaro11cKH o6niiiK
1113pa>Kaea:MorynHOCT, >Kelby, HaMepa
rpaljel-be: aop111cT noMonHor r11arona 6111TIII 111 rnaro11cK111 np111.o.ee
pa,D,HIII
j.Q
1. 11
2.11
3.n

II

o6111111...\lll
6111X CBIIIpao
6111 CBIIIpao
6111 CBIIIpao

MH

1. n
2.11
3.n

06111111...\111
6111CMO CB111pa11111
6111CTe CB111pa11111
6111 CB111pa11111

HC!AM~HM

rAAPOACKM 06AMllM

To je r11ar011CKIII 0611MK KOjM caMO MMel-:lyje pa,o,tby, a He Ka3yje 11MU.e KOje

je epw111 Hill epeMe Ka,o,a ce oHa ,o,oralj~.
3aepwaea ce HaCTaBU.MMa -Till (CBMpaTM, KyU.aTM nl1eCaTM, jeCTIII)
11111111 -11M (penM,- nen111, cen111, MnM, eyn~t~)
rpaljetbe: MHci>MHIIITIIIBHa OCHOBa Ill HaCTaBU.M -Till 11111111 -filii
VIHci>HHIIITIIIB HaM CI1Y>KM 3a:
- rpaljetbe ct>yTypa (npeKocyTpa fly MnM Ha KoHu.epT)
- ,o,onyHy r11aro11111Ma HenoTnyHor 3Ha'"letba (cMeTM, >Kel1eTM, MopaTM,
nO'"IeTM, BOI1eTM,yMeTM,3HaTM, MOnlll)

rAAPOACKH UPH.A.C!BH
rJlArOJlCKMJn PMAEB PAJ[JJH l11
npOCT, He11M'"IaH r11ar011CKIII 0611MK
M3pa>Kaea: pa,o,tba, cTatbe _11111111 36MBatbe je M3BpweHo, cy6jeKTM
cy BpWMI1111 pa,o,tby
rpal)etbe: MHci>MHIIITIIIBHa OCHOBa Ill HaCTaBU.M
KOpMCTM ce 3a rpaljetbe: ct>yTypa II, nepct>eKTa, .
nl1yCKBaMnepct>eKTa, noTeHU.Mja11a
je,D,HMHa

rnArOJlCKl'J nPIII.QEB TPnHl'J

npOCT, Hei1M'"IaH r11ar011CKIII 0611MK
M3pa>Kaea: Ha HeKoMe 11111111 He'"leMy je
M3BpweHa rnaro11cKa pa,o,tba
, rp~ljetbe: IIIHci>MHIIITIIIBHa
OCHOBa Ill HaCTaBU.M
.
.
KOpMCTIII . ce 3a rpaljetbe: naCMBa, Y3 MMeHMU.Y
,o,o6111ja OA11MKe npaeor np111,o,eea
je,D,HMHa
MYWKIII po,o, .>KeHCKIII pO,D, cpe,o,tbM po,o,
CBMpa- H
cpyw-eH
npo,o,a-T

CBMpa- a
cpyw-eHa
npo,o,a-Ta

CBMpa-Ho
cpyw._ eHo
npo,o,a-To

. CBMpa- HIII
cpyw-eHM
npo,o,a-TM

MHO>KMH8
CBMpa- He
cpyw-eHe
npo,o,a-Te

CBMpa- Ha
cpyw- eHa
npo,o,a-Ta

r AAPOAeKH DPHA03H
HeMajy Hill 11MU.e, Hill 6poj, Hill po,o,, Te He Mory 6MTIII npep.MKaT 11111111 ,o,eo
npe,o,MKaTa. YnoTpe61baeajy ce y3 npe,o,MKaTe 111 Haj1.1ewne
MMajy C11Y>K~y np111110WKIIIX O,D,pe,D,6M 3a epeMe Ill Ha'"IMH.

rJ1ArOJ1CKl1 nPl1JlOr CA.LlAUJHll1

MYWKIII po,D,

>KeHCKIII pO,D,

cpe,o,tb 111 po,o,

ce1.11pa-o

ce111pa-na

CBMpa-110

MYWKM po,o,

>KeHCKIII pO,D,

MHO>KIIIH8
cpe,o,tbM po.d

CBMpa-11111

CBMpa-11e

CB111pa-11a

M3pa>Kaea: pa,o,tba ce ,o,ewaea MCToepeMeHo ca pa,o,tbOM

npe,D,MKaTa y3 KOjM CTOjM
rpaljetbe: Tpene 11111u.e MHO>KMHe npe3eHTa 111 HacTaeaK -11111
ceMpajy-nM, r11e,o,ajy-ni<t
rpa,o,M ce caMo o,o, HecepweHMX r11aro11a!

M3pa>Kaea: pa,o,tba ce ,o,ec11111a npe pa,o,tbe npe,o,MKaTa y3 KOjH

CTOjM
rpaljetbe: MHci>MHIIITIIIBHa OCHOBa Ill HaCTaBaK -aBWIII (-ewill)
60

61

nPerAe.A. rAArOAeKHX 06AHKA

BPEMEHA (7)

HA4l11Hlll (2)

HEJ11114HIII OISJliiiUIII (5)

IU1'fHM
- -

CAJlAWHle

.,

C BMPGIJ.
nPE3EHT
(CBMpaM)

H H<l?H-I:UUktB
CBMpGITM

fiOTEHUliiJAll FJJ1 .. fi~~All~B PAAH11

6MX CBMpao
CBMpao

5Y'AYnE
Fll. n Plt1lleB, iPfiH l4
CBMpaH

CbYTYP
(CBMpally)
<l>YTYP II
(6yAeM CBMpao)

nPliiilOJlll
np1.111031.1 cy BpCTa HenpoMeHJbi.181.1X pe'-11.1 KOje Haj&.Jewlie CTOje y3
rnarone (CT1.1rna caM jyTpoc), a pelje y3 np1.1,o,ese (T1.1 c1.1 seoMa
wTe,D,Jb1.1B), 1.1MeH1.1Ue (np1.1MI.1o caM ,o,ocTa n1.1caMa) 1.1 ,o,pyre np1.1nore (To
Cl.1 CaCBI.1M Ta"'HO peKaO) 1.1 o,o,peljyjy. 1.1X no MeCTy, BpeMeHy 1.1 Ha"'I.1Hy.
0He cy HenpOMeHJb1.1Be, OCI.1M HeKI.1X KOje 1.1Majy KOMnapaUHjy: TO cy
np1.111031.1 3a Ha"'I.1H, KOI11.1"11.1HY 1.1 HeKI.1 np1.1J1031.1 3a MeCTO - OHI.1 KOjl.1 1.1Majy
1.1CTI.1 o6ni.1K Kao np1.1,o,es1.1 cpe,o,tber po,o,a - ,o,o6po (6oJbe, Haj6oJbe),
Mano (Mathe, HajMatbe), neno (nenwe, Hajnenwe)
D.ene ce Ha np1.1nore 3a:
MECTO: os,o,~., oH,o,e, osaMo, r,o,e, Ky,o,a, ,o,one, Hanpe,o,, 6n1.13y
BPEME: jy&.Je, ,o,aHac, cyTpa, yjyTpy, npe, nocne, naHe, HeKa,o,a
HA4~H: ,o,o6po,neno,KaKo,osaKo,TaKo,6p3o,cnopo,HeKaKo

Y3POK: 3aTo, cTora

KOJ1~4~HY: Mano, MHoro, ,o,ocTa, HeKOI11.1KO, jow

CBMpajyliM
fiPOW.JIIQ;
AOPlllCT
(CBMpax)
nEP<l>EKAT
(ceMpao caM)
lllMnEP<l>EKAT

CBMpaBWM .

npe,D,I1031.1 cy HenpOMeHJbi.1Be, nOMOliHe pe'-11.1. KOje CTOje

1.1cnpe,o, na,o,e>KHI.1X o6ni.1Ka caMocTanHI.1X pe'-11.1 1.1 yKa3yjy Ha
tbi.1XOB o,o,Hoc npeMa ,o,pyr1.1M pe"11.1Ma y pe"'eHI.1UI.1. Taj o.o.Hoc
MO>Ke 61.1TI.1:
nPOCTOPHi4: npe,o, KylioM, Ha,o, rnaBOM, Ha CTony, 1.13 WKOJ1e
BPEMEHCK~: y jeceH, o,o, jyTpa ,o,o MpaKa, ,o,o ~acHe jeceHI.1
O.QHOC~ )'3POKA, nOPEllEI-bA, 3AJE.QH~UE, U~IbA, HAMEHE: 36or
6onecTI.1, ca csoji.1M ,o,pyroBHMa, pa,o,1.1 csoje ,o,eue, y3en1.1 cy KaMeH 3a
MOCT, HeM a 6oJber o,o, tbera

(CBM~X)

nilYCKBAMnEP<l>E KAT
(6ejax ceMpao)

Be3HMI.lM cy BpCTa HenpoMeHlbMBMX pe"'M KOje cny>Ke 3a

OOBe3MB8tbe noje.QMHI.1X pe"'M y pe"'eHMUM M npOCTMX
pe'feHMI.la y cno>KeHy.
.....,
nPABM Be3HMI.lM .cy: 1.1, anM, 1.1111.1, na, Te, ,D,OK, ,o,a, jep, aKO
HEnPABM ee3HMI.lM cy: Ka,o,a, seli, caMo, ,o,oKne, nowTo, KaKo, KojM
62

63

PE4UE (n ap .TMKylle)
PeL~u,e

cy HenpoMeH1bi.1Be peL~I.1 Koje yKa3yjy Ha l11.1L~HI.1

CTaB rOBOpHOr l11.1U,a npeM~ OHOMe WTa ce 1.13HOCI.1 y
peL~eHI.1U,I.1.

D.el11.1MO 1.1X Ha peYU,e 3a:

- 111CT111UAI-bE CYnPOTHOCTII1: MeljyTir1M,
- nOCE5HO 111CT111UAI-bE: 6aw, 6ap, 1.1
- 111CT111UAI-bE Jlii14HOr CTABA: .Qa, ceaKaKo, Ylr1CTI.1Hy,
3ai.1CTa, 361111ba, Hl.1nOWTO, MO>K.Qa
- nOKA3111BAI-bE: eeo, eTo, eHO
- nii1TAI-bE: 3ap, .Qa 111.1
!!!!!!"!!!'-!!'!!!!!!!!'!"~ - nOTBP'&II1BAI-bE 111 O.QPII1UAI-bE: He, .Qa
- nOBPATHA PELIUA: ce

Y3Bf11Ufll
Y3B1.1U.I.1 cy HenpoMeH1bi.1Be peL~I.1 KOjlr1Ma ce 1.13pa>Kaeajy . l11.14Ha ocenal-ba,
pacnono>Kel-ba 1.1 cTal-ba.
ax, ox, jao, xaj, a, o, oj, yx, oxo
Meljy oee peL~lil y6pajal\ilo v.. oHe Koje noJJ.pa>Kaeajy
3ByKe 1.13 np1.1po.Qe (oHoMaTonejcKe): ..
Tpac, cpJIIjy, Kpu,, ll.YM, 6yM
. . . ('" . .. .-- -

CaamaKca te Aeo rpaMaT~t~K:e, Kojjn ~~tayqaea pe"'eHMI.le M H>eHe .Qenoae:; 'il'll

mpaB~na o noe.esrttaa~y pettK y CHHTarMe M pe"'eHMI.le M noeesM&a'l4b'Y
pett:eHM:Ua y CllO>Ke:He.
.
HajH:l'trlKa. jeAIIlH~ttu.a y cMHTaKcM je PELI, aaTMM cne,lU1 CII1HTArMA;; -na
PE4EH~UA (npocTa M CllO>l<.eHa). .
,"
npOCTlitX

J1Y>K5A , . q
H j
J/1

Y PEtiEHMUM

p 4 Hl-1Ufll MMa caojy cnylK6y.

l tUtU
y;

CYEiJEKAT
M HCKH

rpaMaTI.1LIK..,

111MEHCKII1 D.OD.AU111:
CYEiJEKATCKII1
CKYn PElfL1
aTp~6yT, an031.1U.Ir1ja
rJlAr JlG H
:
o6jeKaT? np1.1nowKe OAPeA6e
Haw M~I1L1~
38 Bp~Me, MeCTO, H8"11.1H,
paA03Ha111.1 CI.1HLI1.1li
y3POK ..

l4MEHCKl4 .QO.QAUH
ATPif15YT
ATp1.16yT CTOjH y3 1.1MeHHL-'Y (cy6jeKaT) 1.1 O.Qpe1jyje t-beHe OC061f1He, KOnM"tMHy
1.1111.1 np1.1na.Qatbe. Y 8Tp1.16yTCKOj cf>YHKL-'1.1jlf1 cy H8j"tew?ie np1.1.QeBM M npM.Q8BCKe
38MeHI.1l-'e, 8111.1 MOry 61.1TI.1 1.1 1.1MeHI.1l-'e, 6pojeBM M "'MT&Be CMHT&rMe.
Hawa Kylia je llena. nonHO caM TOnny l.fOKOlla.Qy.

npeAHKaT je AeO pe'-leHHUe KOjlf'l yKa3yje Ha TO WTa pa,li,H cy6jeKaT 1.1111.1

HaM Ka3yje HewTo o cy6jeKTY. nocToje:
rnArOnCKIA nPE,Ql4KAT - r11aro11 y 111.1'-IHOM r11aro11CKOM o6111.1Ky.
npeMa Ha'-IHHY rpaljetba MO>Ke 61f1Tif1:

An031f1UVIJA
An031.1l-'1.1ja Ha .QpyrH H8l.fi.1H (nOMOliy HOBI.1X nO.QaTaKa) Ka3yje OHO WTa 3Ha'-11.1
HMeHHL-'a. Ano31.1L-'Hja je napane11aH '-lilaH ca HMeHHL-'OM, Te ce oHa y rosopy
HCTHl.fe nay3aMa, a np1.1 n1.1catby 3ape3HMa.
VI so AH.QpHli, n1.1cal-' poMaHa ,Ha .UpHHH liynp1.1ja", .Q06Ho je Ho6e11osy
Harpa.Qy 3a KtbH>KeBHOCT.
rocnO,QI.1H neTap, Haw HaCTaBHI.1K 1.1CTOp1.1je, l.feCTO je npHYao 0 HeMatbl.1n1.1Ma.
Csa .Qel-'a so11e 6paHKa M1.111Hlies1.11ia, l.fyBeHor 6paHKa KOL-'KHL-'Y

nPOCT nPE.QHKAT ce cacTojH OA caMo jeAHOr r11aro11cKor o.611HKa

MaMa Kyea py'-laK. ,Qe'-laK 6epe WlbHBe.
CnO>KEH nPE.Ql4 KAT KOjlf'l ce cacTOjlf'l OA ABa, HeKaA 1.1 TpH r11aro11a OA
KOj Hx je jeAaH HenoTnyH r11aro11
M aMa je no1.1e11a Aa Kyea py1.1aK.

rJ1ArOJ1CKl4 .QO.QAUI!1
06JEKAT

' ft1M EHCKl1 nPE.QHKAT - caonwTaea HaM HewTo o cy6jeKTy. OH ce cac-

TOjH OA noMollHor r11aro11a jecaM 1.1111.1 6HTif1 1.1 HMeHcKe pe'-11.1. J.e11eHa je

06jeKaT je r11aro11cKa .QonyHa Koja Ka3yje Ha l.feMy ce spw1.1 pa.Qtba. Cy6jeKaT

spw1.1 pa.Qtby Koja ce Hcnolbasa Ha o6jeKTy. Cy6jeKaT je aKTHBaH, a o6jeKaT
nac1.1saH, jep He o6aslba pa.Qtby, seli je caMo TpnH.Cl>yHKL-'Hjy o6jeKTa
Hajl.fewlie HMajy HMeHHL-'e, HMeHHl.fKe 3aMeHHL-'e, npH.QeBH 1.1111.1 6pojes1.1.
nPABVI (6111.1>KH) o6jeKaT ce Halla3H y aKy3aTHBY (6e3 npe.Qllora) 1.1111.1 y
.QeOHOM (napT1.1TI.1BHOM) reHI.1TI.1By.
Maja l.fHTa KtbHry. (aKy3aTHB)
Y6pa111.1 CMO ja6yKa. (reHI.1T1.1B)
.Uo61.1jaMo ra Ha nHTatba KOfA? WTA?

Kyeap.H ua. 0~ je 3Apae.

Cy6jeKaT je epw1.111au paAtbe y pe'-le HHUH 1.1111.1 r 11aeHa pe1.1 o Koj.oj r oeopH pe'-leHHUa. Cy6jeKaT MO>Ke 6HTH ceaKa epcTa pe'-11.1 , a111.1 HaJ'-Iewlle
cy TO HMeHHUe.
M1.1wa je '-IHTao. (HMeHHUa) OH je n1.1cao nHCMO. (3aMeHHUa)
A je ee3Hif1K. (ee3HHK)
nocToje Aae a peTe cy6jeKTa:

HEnPABVI (AaibH) o6jeKaT ce Halla3H y HeKoM .QpyroM na;o.e>Ky (reHHTHsy,

aKy3aTHBy (C npe.QJ1031.1Ma), .QaTHBy, 1.1HCTpyMeHTally 1.1 110K8TI.1BY)
VIBaHa noMa>Ke Majl-'1.1. (A8T1.1B)
fOBOp1.1111.1 CMO 0 cf>1.111My. (llOKaTHB)
.Uo6HjaMo ra Ha nHTatba KOME? 4VIME? 0 4EMY?

rPAMATl44Kl4 cy6jeKaT ce Ha11a31f1 y HOMHHaTHBY (y enCKif'IM necMaMa

y BOKaTHBY)
nec Ma je 61.111a 11ena.
BHHO n1.1je KpalbeBHlly MapKo.

nPvtllOUJKE . O.UPE.U6E
np1.1110WKe O.Qpe.Q6e cy r11arOI1CKI.1 ,QO.Q&l-'1.1 KOjl.1 Ka3yjy BpeMe, MeCTO, Hal.fi.1H,
K0111.1l.fi.1HY ..., y3pOK spwetba pa.Qtbe. 03Hal.fasajy jow cpe.QCTBO, L-'Hib,
APYWTBO, np.~Bal-', HaMeHy, HaMepy..., noclle.QHL-'Y TaKo nocToje np1.111owKe
O.Qpe.Q6e 38 ..Jal.fi.1H, 3a BpeMe, 3a K0111.1l.fi1Hy, 38 MeCTO, ...

J10rl44Kl4 cy6jeKaT ce Ha11a31f1 y reHHTHBy, AaTHBY lf1 aKy3aTHBY

Ha y11HUH HeMa SbYAH. (reHHTHB)
nOKM je CTHrao naKeT. (AaTHB)
.Oa 111.1 sac je cTpax? (aKy3aTHB)
66

MapKo pa.qo 1.1rpa YA6an. (npr..1nowKa o.qpe.q6a sa HaYHH)

Hlf'IKOila je npowne HeAelbe oTnyTosao. (np1.111. OAP sa epeMe)
67
--

.r

Pe4eHHU.a je je31f14Ka jeAHHHU.a KOjOM ce MCKa3yje KOMYHHKaTMBHO

3aBpweHa nopyKa. Pe4eHHU.a caAp>KH 11H4HH r11aro11CKH o6nHK (jeAaH
HllH BHwe) 1r1 no4Htbe senMKHM no4eTHHM CllOBOM.

33BMCHM 't113H
3asMCHL-1 "fJ18HOBli1

ri18BHa pe"'
K

npl-1'-tajyfu..,

rnacHo

rnaaHa pe"'

3alintCHH "'naH

yTa HIJH MPIIIIJOWKHX

~ H

oape.Qa6a.
Y CMHTarMM Hf.1K8A He MOlKe CTajaT

pM

rnaron y 11M"'HOM r n aron &KOM

0 611MKY (TO 6M OH.Qa ~111113 pe'-18HMU8).

llfJC'fJ!

C~J IFiflfArMJ ~J

neTOBaTH), Koje ce o.Qpeljyjy no TOMe Kojoj s pcTH p e"lH npt.1naAa tbeH

r11aBHif1 "fllaH .
Y CHHTar.MH, y3 r11aBHy peLf, MO>Ke CTajaTL-1 BHWe 3aBHCHif1X "fllaHOBa.
nopeA 3aBHCHOr OAHOCa nOCTOje lf1 HAnOPE,D.Hi'l Meljyco6Hif1 OAHOCH
HaMeljy 411aHOBa CHHTarMe
~~

r_,,ni-10'.

, ~::.

Yn , a::: t::'

ra Je , or}

C T i rf'1 - Mall a, ell aTKa 6pecKsa

VjCK.r } _ hJ'~ - cse ktbHre, ocHM oHe 'HajcTapHje
PAC A..,J ,.l/1 - 1,1.111,1 BOAY lf1111f1 COK
CY . . .J'l - sece11a, a oneT THxa
C HHTarMa MO>Ke 6HTH 1r1 . . -: '. ,.r t . U t1' --~.
j

'/ )

- MOja MaMa .
n ena 'o nywTajylia THxa MY3HKa

. Jtr _-

68

. '
_.

no 0611HKY
nOTBPD.HA - Y4Hliy.
OD.PIII4HA - Heliy y'-IHTH.
no KOMYHHKaTHBHOj cpyHKUHjH

nocToje i'1MEHl44KE (WKOilCKa TOp6a), nP14.0EBCKE (seoMa BHCOK),

nPi'lJlOWKE (Heo6H"fHO paAo) 1r1 rJlArOJlCKE Ci'lHTArME (jecf>THHO

Pe"feHHU.e AellHMO no clleAeliHM KpHTepHjyMHMa:

no cacTasy
nPOCTE
HenpowMpeHe - MMilaH nesa.
npowMpeHe - Ma111r1 M1r111aH sece11o nesa.
(y csaKoj pe4eHMU.M je no jeAaH 11H4HH r11aro11CKH o6111r1K)
CJlO>KEHE
He3aBHCHe - nepa je AOWaO, a MapHja je OTHWila. (ABe pe"leHHU.e - ABa
11M4Ha r11arOI1CKa 0611HKa, a CBaKa MO>Ke CTajaTH 6e3 OHe Apyre)
3aBHCHO-C110>KeHe - ,D.oljH Aa Me nOCeTHW. (ABe pe"leHHU.e - ABa 111f14Ha
r11aro11cKa o611MKa, a1111 Apyra He MO>Ke cTajaTH 6e3 npse)

.vi

n :

05ABEWTAJHA - Maja 'ieKa Jt1saHy.

--- Y381114HA - naAa CHer!
3AnOBED.HA - _D.o11aaH osaMo!
YniiiTHA- Kora 4eKa Maja?
>KEibHA - CpeliHol >KHBellM!

nPOCTA PE4EHL-1UA
npocTa pe'-leHHU.a ce cacTojM o.O. CY5JEKTA 1r1 nPED.IIIKATA, HllH c aMo
oA nPED.IIIKATA.
TH csMpaw. CsMpaw.
OsaKBa pe4eHHU.a, cacTaBJbeHa caMo OA cy6jeKTa 1r1 npeAHKaTa (HilM
caMo npeAHKaTa) , 30Be ce nPOCTA (HEnPOWllfPEHA) PE4EHIIIUA.
AKo Te pe'-leHMU.e npowMpMMO, Tj. AOAaMo cy6j eKTY A TPIII5YT HllH An03111UIIIJY, a npeAHKaTy 05JEKAT HllM HeKy nPIIIJlO WKY
OD.PED.5Y, A06MjaMo nPOCTO nPOWIIIPEHY PE4EHIIIUY.
Becena A8BOjLfMU.8 je 38MCT8 .Q06po CBMpana
69

CJIO>KEHA PEl.IEHit1UA
.

-.

Ose peYeHKu,e HeMajy HanHcaH cy6jeKaT H HHje ra Moryne o.Qpe.QHi"H H3

npeAHKaTa.
CMpKasa ce. CsHne. HeKa.Qa ce peTKO nyTosano.

Ose

pe~.teHMu,e

CllO>KeHa peLteHMU,8 ce C8CTOjH O,Q ,D.Be HllH BHWe

ne ...leHHU,a KOje CTOje y HeKOM O,lJ.HOCy (38BHCHOM
He38BHCHOM).
6poj peYeHHu,a .je.QHaK je 6pojy npeAHKaTa.
..--~ no TOMe y K8KBOM Cy O,lJ.HOCy . npOCTe peLteHHU,e y
cno>KeHoj .QellHMO HX Ha HE3AB~CHO H 3AB~CHO
. . .~ CllO>KEHE PE4EH~UE . .

HeMajy HanMcaH npe.QMKaT, a11M ra, M3 KOHTeKcTa,

.MO>KeMO yYBpAMTM.

CACTABHE
3HaLfel-be: ca.Qp>KajH ABe peLteHHu,e cy HCTor cMepa
Be3HHU,H: H,na,Te,HH,H~TM ..
AKO HeMa Be3HHK8 OH,Qa ca CT8Bib8 3ape3 (,)
0H je npHLtaO H npHLtaO, HHje 38CT80 HHje,QHOM.

,WTa >KellMTe Aa nMjeTe?"

,Kact>y."
(>KellMM Aa nonMjeM Kact>y)

CnEUHJAflHE PE4EHVIUE
Qse peLteHHU,e HeMajy HanHCaH npe,D.HKaT H He MO>KeMO ra YTBp,D.HTH.

PACTABHE
3HaLfel-be: OA ABe pa.QI-be caMo je je.QHa ocTsaplbHBa
Be3HHU,H: HJlH, BOiba, 6~1.10, 3ape3 (,)
10
~11M Hrpaj, HJlH HAM O,Q8B,Qe.
.
,

Pa3yMibHB je y je.QHHO y KOMYHHKau,HjH.

CYnPOTHE
,nHcao MH je

~rop!"

,~?

nACMBHA PE'-IEHMU A

3HaYetbe: pa.Qtbe cynpoTHor 3HaYetba

se3HHU,H:~ a, anH, H ro, sen, AOK, (6e3 ee3HHKa)
Mapa je aecena, a HHHa TY>KHa.

IIICKJbY4HE
Bpwlt1naQ paAtbe H~etje y <PYHKU,vtjl4 cy6 jeKTa, HeKaA je
Cy6jeKaT Tpm.ll paAtby, Kao o6jeKaT. nac HBHe peLteH
30BaTH caMo OA npena3HMX rnarona.
(WibMBe cy o6paHe.)
rpaAM ce tia ABa Ha"'L4Ha:
- OA rnaroncKor npMAeBa TpnHor
CTonMu,e cy Hanpaa.fbeHe no nopyu6M
- OA nospaTHe pe"'u.e CE
CTonMu,e ce npase no nopyu6..M.Ht1.'
70

3H8Lfel-be: HCKibyLfyje Ce HeWTO H3 38BHCHe peLteHHU,e

Be3HHU,H: C8MO, CeM, OCHM WTO, je,QHHO, TeK, je,QHHO
WTO
Y3 o6ase3aH 3ape3 (,)
CaM ce HacMejawe, caMo ~e C!YIHiba Mano HaMpWTH.

3AKJbY4HE
3HaLfel-be: H3BOAH ce 3aKibYLfaK H3 ca.Qp>Kaja Apyre
peYeHHu,e
Be3HHU,H:,Q8KJle,3H8LfH,npeMaTOMe

..
71

J-

__ _

_,. _ _ __ _ _ _ _

.....

- - - - - - - - -

--- --~--

'

3AB~CHOCflO~EHEPE4EH~UE
(\)

lt13PMYHE

(]

...~e: oHe ,o,onytbyjy rnarone MLIIWJbetba, roaopetba, ocellatba 1.113 r.rlaH

Be3HLIIULII: ,o,a,KaKO,WTO
He 3H8M ,o,a je KOjLII Hapo,o, LIIM80 CJ1Lii"'HY cy,o,6Li1Hy.

BP!MEHCKE
3Ha"'etbe: Ka3yjy apeMe apwetba pa,o,tbe y rnaaHoj pe"'eHLIIU.LII
CilYHKU.LIIja: o,o,peljLIIBatbe apeMeHa
Be3HLIIU,Lil: K8,D,,,D,OK,"'LIIM,K8KO,TeK,nOWTO
nowTo cy ce oKynanLII, nern1.11 cy Ha necaK .o.a ce cyH"'ajy.

HAM EPH E
3Ha"'etbe : Ka3yjy HaMepy ca KojoM ce apw1.11 pa,o,tba rnaaHe pe"'eHLIIU.e
CilYHKU.LIIja : U.LIIJb LIIJ1Lil HaMepa
Be3HLIIU.Lil : ,o,a, KaKO, ,o,a 61.11, He 61.11 JlLII, KaKO 61.11
4o6aHLII cy >KYPLIIJ1Lil He 61.11 JlLII npe MpaKa CTLilrJ1Lil KyllLII.

nOPE.ll5EHE (HA4VIHCKE)
3Ha"'etbe: KaJyjy,Ha"'LIIH apwetba pa,o,tbe y rnaaHoj pe"'eHLIIU.Lil
CilYHKU.LIIja: o,o,pe,o,6a 38 H8"1LIIH
Be3HLIIU.Lil: 38 je,o,HaKOCT - K80, K80 WTO, K8KO
38 Heje,D,H8KOCT - Hero, Hero WTO, HO
3a L113p83LIITY Heje,D,H8KOCT- KaMOJlLII, a KaMOJlLII
Ca1.11 rne,o,ajy y tbera Kao ,o,a ra ca.o. npa1.11 nyT BLII,o,e.

norO.lliSEHE (YCnOBH )
3Ha"'etbe: KaJyjy ycnoae LIIJ1Lil noro,o,6e 3a apewetbe pa.Qtbe y rnaBHOJ
pe"'eHLIIU.LII
CilYHKU.LIIja: o,o,pe,o,6a 3a ycnoa
Be3HLIIU,Lil: aKO,Ka,D,,,D,a,nLII,yKOJlLIIKO
.D.a ce pe"'LII Kynyjy, Matbe 61.11 1.11x 61.11no.

.D.OnYCHE
3Ha"'etbe: LllaKo 61.11 ca,o,p>Kaj pe"'eHLIIU.e Tpe6ano .o.a oMeTe apwetbe pa,o,tbe
.o.onywTa ce apwetbe pa,o,tbe
CilYHKU.LIIja: o,o,pe,o,6a rnaaHe pe"'eHLIIU.e
aeJ~~u.LII: LllaKo,Ma,o,a,npeM,o,a,MaKap,aKoLII,Ma,,o,a
U1.11nene cy o,o,Max nponycTLIIne ao,o,y 1.11aKo cy 61.11ne
-

Y3PO'-IH E
3Ha"'etbe: Ka3yjy y3poKe apwetba pa,o,tbe y rnaaHoj pe"'eHLIIU.Lil
CilYHKU.LIIja: o,o,pe,o,6a y3poKa
Be3HLIIU,Lil: jep, ,o,a, nOWTO, 6y,o,yft1.11 ,o,a, K8KO, 38TO WTO
Cnopo. cMo 1.11rpan1.11 jep je TepeH 61.110 ana>KaH.

nOCIIE.llVILIHE
3Ha"'etbe: Ka3yjy nocne,o,LIIu.e apwetba pa,o,tbe y rnaaHoj pe"'eHLIIU.Lil
CilYHKU.LIIja: o,o,pe,o,6a nocne,o,LIIu.e
,.Be3HLII.U.Lil: ,o,a, Te npLIIJ103Lil: T8KO, TOJlLIIKO npLII,D,eBCKe 3aMeHLIIU,e: TOJlLIIKLII,
TaKaB
.LJ,yro HLIIje 61.11no KLIIWe Te je 3eMJba 1.11cnyuana.

MECHE

3Ha"'etbe: KaJyjy MecTo apwetba pa,o,tbe r naaHe

pe"'eHLIIU.e
CilYHKU.LIIja: o,o,pe,o,6a MeCTa
npL11n03Lil 3a MecTo: Ky,o,a, r,o,e, o,o,aKne
Yljowe y wyMy r ,o,e cy OCT8BLIIJ1Lil KOtbe.

u-.................. 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .

. 3HaLfetbe: o,o,Hoce ce Ha 3HaLfetbe noje,o,LII.HLIIX

Ha u.eny pe':feHLIIU.Y) 1.11 6nLII>Ke o,o,peljyje tbLIIxoao
CilYHKU.LIIja: aJpLi16yTCKa, 06jeKaTCKa, cy6jeKaTCKa
O,D,HOCHe 381\!J,eHLIIU,e:
KOjLII, LfLIIjLII, KaKaB, KOfl_LIIKLII, KO,
,_ .
ATPi16YTCKE: CeTLIIX ce necMe Kojy je 6aKa "'ecTo

(LIIJlLII

(6atU1H n

06JEKATCKE: na>KJbLIIBO CaM cnywao WTa CTe MLII

CY6JEKATCKE: Ko neaa3110 He MLIICJ1Lil. (pacneea

3~ BVICHO~YnVItHE '*-~~
3Hal..fetbe: no o6nLIIKY je ynLIITHa, an1.11 HeMa yn
3aapwaaajy ce TaLfKOM (.);a He ynLIITHLIIKO
CilYHKU.LIIja: 06jeKaTCKa
Be3HLIIU,Lil: WTa
HacTaBHLIIU.a Me je nLIITana .o.a n1.11 caM npoLf
HLIIcaM 3Hao .wTa .o.a Ka>KeM.
73

M )

'-

SOP6A Pelf

KoHrpyeHL\Hja je cnaratbe Meljyco6Ho noee3aHHX ,o,enoea pe'-leHHL\e.

HK

Meljyco6Ho noee3aHH ,o,enoeH CHHTarMe H pe'-leHHL\e ce cna . y npe

11M

y,

y ttl

jy,

4111 .

y.
nPOCTE - TO cy OHe pe'-IM KOje ce He MOry no,o,en~TH H

Mna,o,H HHKona neea eeceny necMy.

Matbeje3M'-1Keje,o,MHML\e: 6eo, ,o,o6ap, CMH, 6paT, cecTpa,

BnaCTHTa tt~MeHHL\8 HHKOJ1a, y HOMHH8THBY je,D,HMHe = cy6jeKaT

>KeHa, '-IOBeK, peliM, '-leKaTM, ja, TM, y, Ha,D,, je,o,aH, ,D,Ba, TeK,

rnaron neaa, cna>Ke ce ca HMeHHL\OM HHKona = npe,o,MKaT

6aw

npM,D,eB MJ18,D,M, CJla>Ke ce Ca MMeHML\OM, HOMMH8TMB je,D,HMHe, MYWKM

pO,D,

= .aTpM6yT

npM.Qee eecena, cna>Ke ce ea MMeHML\OM necMa, aKy3aTMB je,o,HMHe

'

p831U'I'-1Mt~

41-111, >KeH- ua,

aTpM6yT

KOH'fPYEHUL4JA MO.>KE &l4TIA:

TaBa

a,

CYQl"'KCa : Jl"cT,..Mft,L\ A-aL\, Cir\~-

noe-au, oc -aK
.

CJlO>K_
EHE -~ HacTane cy

o.Q aee pe'-111 Mil lit je .nottaT npe-

cpMKC Ha OCHOBHY pe'-1: 38-MrpaTM, . pM6-0-JlOB,

110M, BMCM6a6a .

no CM1t1CJ1Y (3Ha'ietby)
}'lana,3M ce KO;o. VJMeltMUa '!WijM 'Ce rn;:nm~la.ttn~iil'm
.I 'UiiM poAOlVI

(cnyra, n"ja.HMU.a,

... Y j

c . cna>Ky no CMMcny

pe'-IH
(~w:l"II.IR-1-h

H3

OCHOBHe,

npOCTe

npoeepMMo To Ha cne,o,elieM npMMepy:

..; npocTa pe'-1 (KYliE - TaKolje npocTa pe'-1!)

T n j

cy

PAK, KYli-L'lUA - M3Be,D,eHe pe'-IH

HL'lK, KYliE-iOOMAlii'lH -

74

pe'-IM,

H8CTaBaKa, cycpHKCa, npecpMKCa MJlM npOCTMM cnajatbeM ,o,ee _pe'-IH.

j ,o,o6ap.
0 aj cy Mja J
.

- Haw ra

M3BO,D,MMO

- .... . .

- ~ :.:: -

'

nPO<J>ECII10HAJ11113MII1 - pei.IM KapaKTepHC;TM"'Irlle 3a AJ.Ae KC1i01i'.'38ilrllttMal-ba - KOHU,epT, yaepTiilpa, AyeT, CTHn (MJ31f1:11 apa)
1

YIIIHe 1-berOB JleKCIIIYKIII

Cee peYIII HeKo.r -je3111Ka Koje ce

(peYHIIIYKIII) moH,D,.

'

PeYIII cy oc~~BH peiiiOLJ,Iil 3HaY

.\ . rl' _j l 1\
1-bliiXOBO 3Ha 1-bJ' V\f MOryliHOCT

noJaBe ee3aHe
CIIIKOilOrlllja.

noTpe6Ho je no31aaan.,
1-ba ca ,o,pyr111M peY111"9a. Cee
pe6y peYIII npoyya~a 11eK-

_ HaYe

IlEKC II1 KA n PE MA nOPEKilY

1113BOPHE PE4111 - peYIII KOje cy HaCTalle y HaweM je3111KY 11111111 cy ,o,aBHO
HaclleljeHe
PE4111 CTPAHOr nOPEKilA - peYIII KOje CMO npliiMiillllil 1113 CTpaHIIIX je3111'
Ka. Mary 6111Tiil:
e~paap1113Miil - peYIII npey3eTe 1113 cTpaHor je3111Ka 3a 03HaYaBal-be nojMoea 111 nojaea 3a Koje nocToje o,o,peljeHe peYIII y Hai.u.eM je3111Ky.
Bapeap1113Miil no ceojiiiM oco6111HaMa, no HaYIIIHY nocTaHKa He o,o,roeapajy npaBiilllliiMa cpncKor je3111Ka - acTall, wpacJlu,lilrep, H0611 ...
IIIHTepHau,llloHalllii3Miil - peYIII cTpaHor nopeKJla Koje ce, ynoTpe61baeajy y
MHOrliiM CTpaHIIIM je3111L.I,li1Ma - YHIIIBep3111TeT, aKa,D,eMIIIja, cJly,o,6all ...

nEKCMKA nPEMA YnOTPE6M

nocToje pe"'M Koje caM ynoTpe61bajy - TO je onwTeynoTpe6Ha neKCMKa.
MeljYTMM, nocToje pe"'M Koje ce KopMcTe caMo y nojeAMHMM rpaHaMa
ThYACKe AenaTHOCTM. Ty cnaAajy:

APrOTII13MII1 - pe1.1111 Koje ce KOplilcTe Ha ynnua

pe1.1111) - noaa, 'Iiane, (1 0) coMa, Keaa

(maTpoaa"'IKe~

y.nt1N:apcw.e .

BYl1rAPII13,Mlll - HenplllcTojHiil 1.13pa3111 (ncoaKe)

APXAII13MII1 - pe1.11.1 Koje cy ce TOKOM apeMeHa npecTan:e ynoTpe6AaeaTIII, a yMeCTO 1-bliiX IIIMaMO OArOBapajylie eKBHBanelri!Te J caapeMeHOM
je3111KY- jyHOCT=MnaAOCT, aAif11japU1.1ja=3naTap,, aKaAeMHttap=CTJAeHT
HEQJ10rii13M111. - HOBe pei.IM HaCTane 360r nojaBJbMB8ft,8 HOBMX npeAMeTa Ill nojaaa- cJlajn (AOKyMeHT), 1.1-Mejn (eneKTp.OHCKa nOWTa)~ OOF'OBal-be (npllljaBibliiBatbe, 6ene>Ketbe)
111.llii10MII1 (cJlpa3eonorlii3Miil) - ycTaTheHiil 1.13pa3111 MnM f>pa3eonowKa
o6pT111 A061.1jajy 3Hal.fetbe Kpo3 u,eo 1.13pa3 - nojeo eyK Marape (HMWTa ce
HMje AeCMflO), He BpeAM HM npe6MjeHe nape (HMWTa He epe.Q.M), Kyna OA
KapaTa, rnaaa y Top6111, Ax1.1no8a neTa, noayTa1.1 Mat~Ka 3a pen,
KpOKOAiilnCKe Cy3e, ja6yKa pa3AOpa ...
TeWKO ce npeBOAe Ha CTpaHM je31.1K. HeKe ce 1.1 He Mary npeaeCTM.

nEKCllli..IKA 3HALIEtbA .
PeYIII Mary IIIMaTIII CaMO jeAHO 3HaYetbe {jeAH03HaYHe, MOHOCeMMI.fHe
peYIII) , a Mary IIIMaTIII Ill BIIIWe OA jeAHOr3Hal.fetba (BMWe3Hal.fHe, nonMCeMiill.fHe peYIII)

TE PM 111 H 0 Il 0 W KA Il E K C 111-KA (Te p M ~ H011 or Mj a)

TO cy peYIII KOje Ha3111BaMO yepMIIIHIIIMa, CTpyYHIIIM 1113pa3111Ma, CTpyYHOj
JleKclftu,lll, jep ce ynoTpe61baeajy y o,o,peljeHIIIM o6nacTIIIMa.

ll"lJAII EKTlii3M lll - peYIII Koje ce KOplilcTe y je,o.Hoj o,o,peljeHoj

o6JlaCTIII, Ha orpaHIIIYeHoM roeopHOM npocTopy. Ha3111Bal\ilo ra jow 111
npOBIIIHLJ,IIIjallHIII 111n111 JlOKallHIII rOBOp - MeHeKa, 6pe3, Ha ,D,eCHOM 6pery
. (o6a11111), neTHajcT, oTe (Te)
"

76

'

MOHOCEMII14HE peYIII - ~lilA, necaK, TpaKTop, nnyr, Clllplie ...

nOJ1111CEMII14HE peYIII - pelf lliiiCT liiMa BliiWe 3Ha'-ietba - KOIVIaA nan1.1pa,
nliiCMO, ,o,eo HOre, AeO 61.1ThKe, MOpCKa p1.16a, AOKyMeHT
non1.1ceMiiiYHe pe1.11.1 liiMajy .ocHOBHO an1.1 1.1 npeHeceHa 3Hal.fetba
TOnao - OCHOBHO 3Hal.fetbe je HeWTO 3~rpejaHO, an1.1 nOCTOje 1.1 TOn.nlil n03- .
,o,paalil, Tonna oceliatba...
77 .

'

Clt1H0Hlt1Mlt1 - TO cy pa311 WIIIITe pe'-1111 Ca IIICT!.IIM 3Ha"'el-beM cyrnaCHIIIU,lll - KOHCOHaHTIII, CaMOrllaCH!IIU,III - BOKa11111, ApyM - nyT, ljaK y"'eHIIIK
XOM0Hlt1Mlt1 - pe'-1111 IIIC'ror o611111Ka a pa31liii"'IIITOr 3Ha"'el-ba - paK (>KIIIBOTIII1-ba), paK (TeWKO 060lbel-be), no pa3Jliii"'IIITHM aKUeHTIIIMa rpa.a. (MeCTO),
rpaA (na,o,aBIIIHa)
AHTOHlt1Mlt1 .. napoe111 pe'-1111 Koje IIIMajy cynpoTHO 3Ha"''el-be 6eo- U,pH, 6oraT ClllpOMaWaH , 11en - py>KaH, epyn - Xlla,D,aH

Oey Kl-biii>KeBHOCT je cTeop111o HapoA (oT.y A 111 Ha3111B HAPO.D.HA).

Ha3111BaMo je jow 111 YCMEHOM Kl-biii>KeBHowny. 0Ha je cTeapaHa eeK:OBIIIMa, a AapoBIIITIII nojeAIIIHU.III cy je "1yean111 OA 3a6opaea.
HapOAHe yMoT8op111He cy 3an111c111eaHe (Ha no"'eTKY) ycnyTHO 111 cny"'ajHo.
ByK. CTect>aHOBIIIli Kapau111n je 61110 npe111 KOjlll 111x je cKynlbao 111 o6jaBlbllleao.

Hapo,o.He YMOTBOpMHe ce Aene Ha fl0E3"1JY M flP03Y

nAP0Hlt1Mlt1 - napOBIII pe'-1111 IIICTO nopeKJla 11111111 Clliii"'HOr 0611111Ka, a

pa311111"1111Tor ;JHa"'el-ba - neKap-neKapcKIII, ee11111Kaw - ee.niiiKaH

nOE31JA
*Jllt1PCKE nECME

.llEMlt1HYTlt1Blt1 - pe'-1111 ca yMal-beHIIIM 3Ha"'el-beM - ct>naw111u,a, HO>KIIIn,

npCTIIIn, KyniiiU,a
AYfMEHTATlt1Blt1 - pe'-1 111 ca yeenaHIIIM 3HaYel-beM

U.lllneneTIIIHa,

ct>naweTIII Ha,ueMnepiiiHa
'

Xlt1nOKOPlt1CTlt1ULt1 - pe'-1 111 eMOU,IIIOHallHO {n03111TIIIBHO) o6ojeHe

TaTHa

u,a,,lleK IIIU,a,M~ "' III U,a,HaHIIIU,a , KOCIIIU,a

*EnCKLt1 Ult1KJlYClt1
HeiiiCTOpllljC
OCOBCK , K COBC , OOKOCOBCKIII, KpalbeBMlla
MapKa, xajtJ.y"'KIII, YCKO"'KM, OC1106oljel-ba Cp6111je, ocno6ol}etba UpHe
rope
*Jllt1PCKO-EnCKE nECME
6ana~e 1.1 p
aHce

nP03A

o6ojeHe

nEJOPATlt1Blt1 - pe'-1111 eMOU,IIIOHall

U,BIIIKepaw, JbyAeCKapa, Ty>K ... ~ ~:.o ..... o:::.o

6ajKe

KAJlK - pe'-1111 Ill 1113pa3111 KOjlll

Ka- workbook - paAHIII [I
nplll"'e 0 >KIIIBOTIIII-b8M8

nYPlt1TAHLt13AM - Te>KI-b
3a "'IIICTOTOM je3111Ka

78

1-1

KpaTKe HapO,llHe yMOTBOpiiiHe

(nocnoa111u,e, 3aroHeTKe, 1113peKe,
6poja11111u,e, 6p3a11111u,e, niiiT811111U.e)

-.

0Sl1LIAJHE . 088 ne:cMe cy B. 38H8 38 o.Qpe~eHM Tp HYTIK M CD KOA

H8BHOr >KMBOTS

JlillpcKe Hapo.QHe necMe oneeajy pa3Ha ocellatba: lby6ae, o6ill~aje,

eepoBatba, nopOAiii~He OAHOCe, POA01by61be ...
Oeo je HajMHoro6pojHillja ill Hajpa3HOBpCHillja epcTa HapoAHe noe3ill.j e.
1-biiiX npaTill MellOAillja y CKilaAy C MOTiiiBOM.
0CHOBHe OAiliiiKe OBiiiX necaMa cy: cy6jeKTiiiBHOCT, OCellajHOCT,
MY3iiiKallHOCT, ca>KeTOCT i113pa3a, ClliiiKOBiiiTOCT. Kpalle cy, y CTiiiXY ill nyHe
necHiii~KiiiX cf>illrypa.

BPCTE Illi1PCKJI1X HAPO.llHfllX nECAMA

Mlt1TOJ10WKE - oHe neeajy o CyHuy, Meceuy, 3Be3AaMa, 3MajeBiiiMa,
Bill llaMa (,CyHue ce .QeeojKOM >KeHill", ,Billna 3i11Aa rpaA")
06PED.HE - oee necMe cy ee3aHe 3a o6peAHe pi11Tyalle KOjill cy ce
i113BOAillllill Aa 6ill ce YMillllOCTiiiBillna ill pa3He>Killlla 6o>KaHCTBa ill
i113pa>Kaeajy >Kelbe Aa roAiiiHa 6yAe poAHa, Aa nos 6y.Qe ycnewaH ill
6oraT. To cy:
.lJ.Q.lJ.OJlCKE nECME - Y 1-biiiMa ce MOilill Aa na.QHe KiiiWa ill .Qa npiiiHOCill
6y.Qy A06pi11 (,npe.Q KylloM Ka.Q illrpa AOAOila")
KPAJblt14KE nECME - OBe necMe neeajy AeBojKe o .llyxoBiiiMa iiiAYllill OA
Kylle AO Kylle, Ha rnaBill iiiM je KpyHa, a y pyKaMa APB~Hill Ma~. 0He
~ecTiiiTajy AOMalliiiHY ill no>Kene My HanpeAaK y AOMY ill MOlle 3a Aapoee
(,.lloMalliiiHY" , ,TpojiiiUill 6palle")
KOJlE.llAPCKE nECME - To cy necMe Koje ce neeajy 3a 6o>Kill11 ill Hoey
rO.QiiiHy. Mna.Qillllill iiiAY OA Kylle AO Kylle, ~eCTiiiTajy AOMalliiiHY ill no>Kene
MY Hanpe.QaK y AOMY ill MOlle 3a .Qapoee (,.lJ.oMalliiiHY", ,.lJ.OMalliiiUill")
CJlABCKE nECME - oee necMe ce neeajy iiiCKibY~iiiBO Ha CllaBaMa (,KaA
ce nillje y 3Apae1be", KaA ce ycTaje y cnaey")

80

CBATOSCKE nECME - OBe necMe ~o6yxeaTajy uellOKynHill pi11Tyan

cea.Q6eHIIIx o6ill~aja (,KaA ce illcnpocill .QeeojKa", ,Mna.Qo>Ketbill")
nO"'ACHl1UE MJ1M. 3D.PABl1UE - OBiiiM necMaMa .ce Ha3.Qpaelba
A_
OMalliiiHy, AOMalliiiUill, Kyllill y KOjOj j.e BeCelbe (,JyHaKy", ,.lJ.jeBOjUill");
neeajy ce ill Ha cnaeaMa illllill cea.Q6aMa, ca no.a.-illrHyToM nyHoM ~awoM
YCnASAHKE - oee necMe i113pa>Kaeajy lby6ae MajKe npeMa AeTeTy
(,HiiiHaj, HaHaj 31laTO MOje")
.
.
HAPVIUAlbKE MJ1M TY>K6AJ1l1UE - y tblf1Ma je i113pa>KeHo ocellatbe 6ona, .
>KallOCTill, TYr:e 3a yMplliiiM(,HaA rpo6oM", ,HaA MpTeaueM")
nOCJlEH it14 KE n ECME (necMe 0 paAy) - OBe necMe i113pa>Kaeajy iby6aB
npeMa pa.Qy ca: lby6aBHiiiM MOTiiiBiiiMa (,Ha.Q>KtbeBa ce MOMaK ill .QeBOjKa"). HacTajalle cy ill racillne ce ca 3aH1.1Matbillivla o ~ojiiiMet cy neea11e.
IbY6ABHE nECME - y OBiiiM necMaMa cy HarllaweHa ~y6aeHa ocellatba
KOja cy npi11Ka3aHay3 pa3HOBpCHe MOTiiiBe ill Ha~iiiHe, HeKa.Q . KaO
HaroeewTaj, a HeKaA AillpeKTHO ..Oee necMe oneeajy cHary ill xpa6pocT
MywKapaua ill nocllywHocT ill epeAHolly .QesojaKa. HeKe OA oeillx necaMa
cy cpell.He, a HeKe HecpellHe. (,Jby6aBHill p~cTaHaK"; CpncKa .QeeojKa",
,.llparill ill He.Qparill")
nOPO.Qit14HE nECME ..: y OBiiiM necl\l.iaMa ce neea o pa3nill~iiiTiiiM nopoAiii~HiiiM OAHOCiiiMa: lby6ae My>Ka ill >KeHe, lby6ae cecTpe npeMa 6paTy,
6pai"a lipeMa cecTpill, cHaje npeMa ceeKpBill ... allill roeope ill o HeCil03ill,
Mp>Ktbill, :oroeapatby .. (,Hajeella je >KallOCT 3a 6paTolvl", ,MaTepi.1Ho
cpU,e")
.<

WAJblt1BE nECME - OHe Ha walbiiiB Ha~iiiH i113HOCe HeraTiiiBHe no jaee ill -1bYACKe MaHe y UilllbY 1-biiiXOBOr iiiCKOpetbiiiBatba illllill cy36illjatba.
(,>KeHiiiA6a epanua no.QyHaeua", ,CillnaH lloeau")
POJl0lbY61t1BE nECME - oHe oneeajy naTpilloTcKa ocellatba, MOTiiiBIIi y
OBillivl necMaMa cy npaeill jyHaui-1 ill ~yeeHe 6iiiTKe 3a epeMe .ycTaHaKa ill
ocllo60Ailllla~KiiiX paToea (,Kpelle ce llalja cf>paHuycKa", ,TaMo AaneKo")

81

Ulf1KJ1YC KPAibEBif1"hA MAPKA - necMe o M8pKy Kp81beBHlly y Koji1M8 .

je oH np111K838H K80 jyHaK 11ereH;o.apHMX cnoco6HOCTM (;,Opal-be MapKa
KpalbeBHlla", ,MapKo KpalbeBIIIll 111 Myc8 Keceu111j8")
XAJD.Y4Kif1 Ulf1KJ1YC - oeo cy necMe o xaj;o.yu,MMa KOjM cy 611111111 oceeTHIIIU,III Ill 38WTIIITHIIIIJ,III nop061beHOr Hapo;a,a OA TypCKOr 3Y11YM8. Y 1-bMMa
cy oneB8He MHOro6pOjHe nojeAMHOCTIII 1113 xajAy&.JKOr >KIIIBOT8 (,Ma11111
PaAOjMu,a", ,CTapHHa HoeaK 111 KHe3 5oroc8e")
,.,
YCK04Kif1 Ulf1KJ1YC - oeo cy necMe o ycKOU,MMa KojM cy &.Jyea11111 ceoje
rpaHIIIU,e OA TypCKIIIX ynaAa, a Ill yna;o.a11111 Ha TypcKy TepMTOpllljy,
nlba&.JK811111 111 ca TIIIM n11eHOM ce ep8lla11111 y ceoje ;o.oMoee 111 BOAM11M
MlllpaH nopO.QIII&.fHIII >KIIIBOT, paTOB8Jllll Ha MOpy ... Y OBIII.M neCM8M8 Ce
on111cyje 1-bMxoea xpa6pocT, eewTMHa pyKoBal-ba opy>KjeM, xpa6pocT y
AB06ojMMa ... (,lf1eo CeHKOBMll 111 ara OA P1116HIIIKa", ,PoncTeo JaHKOBMll
CTojaHa")
l1KJ1YC ECAM
OCJ10601lEt-bY CP61f1JE - oeo cy necMe Koje oneeaeajy AOraljaje npe, TOKOM 111 HaKOH npeor 111 D.pyror cpnci<or ycTaHKa .
npOTIIIB TypaKa. neCHIIIK je y&.JeCHIIIK Ill CBe.QOK TIIIX AOraljaja (,no&.JeTaK .
6yHe npoTMB ;o.ax111ja", ,5oj Ha M111wapy")
Ulf1KJ1YC nECAMA 0 OCJ10501)EI-bY UPHE rOPE - y 1-bMMa je on111caH8
6op6a UpHoropau,a npoTMB TypaKa o;o. 18. ;o.o no11oe111He 19. eeKa
(,WllenaH M8111.1", ,HMKau, OA Poeau,a")

HAPOl.HA @DHKA
EncKa noe3Mja ce pa3BMna M3 paTHM"'Ke nMpcKe necMe M Ty>K6anMue, Te
je Bpno CTapa no CBOM nOCT8HKY. Y OBMM neCM8M8 neCHMK He rOBOpM 0
CBOjMM OCeftatbMMa, Bell neea 0 HeKOM MCTOpMjCKOM A0r81j8jy, 6MTKM,
jyHaKy OHe ce nes8jy y3 rycne M 4l86yna MM je p83BMjeH8.
BMWe necaM8 KOje cy Be38He 38 MCTM AOr81j8j MJlM jyH8K8 "'MHe UMKJlYC
nec8Ma.
npeM8 AY>KMHM CTMX8 H8POAHe necMe ce- Aene Ha 5YrAPWTif1UE .
(necMe AyrOr CTMX8, H8j&.Jewlle 15 MiiM 16 cnotOB8) M D,ECETEPA4KE
(rycn8pcKe necMe Koje cy Kp8TKor CTMX8, C8Ap>Ke 1 0 cnoroe8)
ByK CTecj)8HOBM11 K8p8UM11 MX je . noAenMo npeM8 MCTOpMjCKMM
,Aor,:tlj8jiiiM8 H8 nECME HAJCTAPif1Jif1X, nECME CPED.fblf1X 111 nECME
HOBif1Jif1X BPEMEHA.
~ee necMe ce Aene 111 npeM8 npeAMeTy H8 HEif1CTOPif1JCKE
(np111noee;o.He) 111 lf1CTOPif1JCKE necMe.
Haj&.Jew118 je no.Qen8 H8 Ulf1KJ1YCE.

BPCTE HAPOD.HJAX . nECMAMA no UJAKJ1YCJA MA

EnCKO - J1JAPCKE nECME

I
HEif1CTOPif1JCKif1 Ulf1KJ1YC - oee necMe roeope o AOr81j8jiiiM8 111 11111&.JHOCTIIIM8 Hen03H8TIIIM IIICTOpllljlll, 0 CB8KOAI-ieBHOM >KIIIBOTy, y 1-biiiM8 IIIM8
nyHO e11eMeH8T8 1113 MIIIT0110rlllje (nOACef18jy H8 68jKe)
(,JeTpe111u,a 8A8MCKO K011eHo", H8XOA CIIIMeoH").
nPETKO~OBCKif1 Ulf1KJ1YC - necMe oeor U,IIIKnyc8 nee8jy o no3H8TIIIM
11111'"1HOCTIIIM8 1113 cpe;o.l-ber eeK8, 1103111 HeM81-bllll18, B118CTenlll
Mp1-b8B&.Jeelll118,
BojiiiHOBIII118,
D.ej8HOBIII118
(,>KeHIIIA68
Kp~.fb8
ByK8WIIIH8", Ypow 111 Mp1-b8B&.JeBIII11111", ,>KeHIIi;o.68 D.yw8HOB8")
KOCOBCKif1 Ulf1KJ1YC - y 1-biiiM8 ce onee8jy .D.or81j8jlll ee~1aHIA 38
KocoecKy 61i1TKY 1389. rOAIIIHe, necHIIIK noKyW8B8 A8 H81je y3poKe
H8U,IIIOH811He Tp8re;o.Hje .. C,U8p Jl838p .Ill u,8plllu,8 M 11111111U;8", ,n p01J8CT
U,8pCTB8 cpncKor", ,CMpT M8jKe JyrOBIIIlla"~ ,KOCOBK8 AeBOjK8")
nOKOCOBCKif1 Ulf1KJ1YC - necMe oeor U,IIIK11YC8 cy . nocne;o.l-be necMe o
jyH81J,IIIM8 1113 pe,D,OB8 n11eMCTB8, y K8CHIIIjiiiM IJ,IIIKJlYCIIIM8 TO cy 06111&.JHrf1 ,
IbYAIII 1113 H8pO.Q8, MOTIIIBIII OBIIIX neC8M8 cy: O&.f8jHIII&.fK8 6op68, 1113.Q8j8,
CTP8A81-be, >KpTBOB81-be ... (,CMpT BOjBOAe nplllje3Ae", ,D.M068 J8KWIII118")
82

Y OBIIIM necMaMa ce npenn1111ly 111.1pcKM 111 encKM e11eMeHTM. To cy, no

CBOM OCHOBHOM TOHy, eMOTIIIBHe necMe 1.1 y 1-bMMa Ce yeeK oneea HeKO
ocenatbe. no Ha&.JMHY o6pa;o.e MOTMBa oHe cy 6111.1cKe encKMM necMaMa
jep HMajy cpa6y11y y Kojy cy yn11eTeHa ocellatba. JlHpCKH eneMeHTM cy
ja&.JH OA enCKIIIX.
,

BPCTE EnCKO-Jllf1PCKl-1X nECAMA . : ~

.:.

15AJ1AD.E - y 1-biiiMa cy oni1cati111 TparM4HM ;o.oraljaj1.1, TeMe cy J13 nopoAH&.JHor >KHBOTa, TOH .je lllr1PCKI.1, a pa;a,l-ba ;o.paMCKH 3rycHyTa. Y 1-bHMa .
cy o6pTM yeeK H3HeHa.QHIII 111 yeeK je Kpaj TparH&.JaH. (,Xacatiarii!HMU;a",
,>KeHIIIA6a M111111111la 6apjaKTapa", ~,CMpT 0Mepa 111 MepHMe")
POMAHCE - oHe neeajy o cpellHHM 111 eece11111M .QoraljajHMa 1.13 nopo- .
,QH&.fHOr >KIIIBOT8, KOjlll ce yeeK cpefiHO 38Bpwaea. l-1 y 1-bMMa nOCTOjlll
ApaMcKa pa;o.l-ba, npenpeKe 111 3an11eT1.1 Koje r11aBHM jyHau,H ycnewHo
caenaljyjy. (,5HibaHa nnaTHO 6enewe", ,CTojaH 111 IbllllbaHa")
83

ByK CTect>aHOBLIIll KapauL~~ll je HapoAHY npo3y no,D,eilLIIO Ha ABe rpyne:

>KEHCKE (6ajKe) ,y KOjLIIMa ce npL1nOBje,D,ajy KOjeKaKBa '-ly,D,eca" L1
MYWKE ,y KOjLIIMa HeMa '-ly,D,eca"

saMo jow L1 nL~~caHa LIIIlLII 11ena

MCMeHOCT, a ayTop nocTao no3HaT.
Mo Ha PO.UOBE LIIIlLII >KAHPOBE (I1L1pL1Ka,
HaMa KtbLII>KeBHOr ,D,eila
EBHE BPCTE.

HAPO.llHA nP03A CE .llEJll'l HA:

5AJKE - TO cy npLIInOBeTKe ca HaTnpL1pO,D,HLIIM 6L111L1Ma y HeBepoBaTHLIIM
,D,OraljajLIIMa (, 5aw-4e11LIIK", ,4ap,D,aK HLII Ha He6y HLII Ha 3eMibL1")
HOBEllE - oso cy KpallLII npo3HL1 o611L1UL1 y KOjLIIMa cy jyHaULII o6L1'-1HL1
iby,D,LII ca CBaKO,D,HeBHLIIM npo6neML1Ma (,,QjeBOjKa uapa Ha,D,My,D,pLIIIla")
JlErEIH,QE - TO cy npw-1e BeOMa CilLII'-IHe 6ajKaMa, _rAe cy MOTLIIBLII 06L1'-IHO
nocTaHaK Hacelba, peKa, nnaHL~~Ha, o6L~~'-Iaja ... (,KaKo je nocTailo LIIMe
06LIIflL111", , TaMHLII BLIIIlajeT")
WAib~BE HAPO.UHE nP~nOBETKE - y OBLIIM npL~~'-IaMa cy onL~~caHLII
CTBapHLII ,D,OraljajLII, anLII CMeWHO (,Epo Ca OHOra CBLIIjeTa")
5ACHE - y OBLIIM npL1'-1aMa cy r11aBHL1 jyHaULII >KLIIBOTLIItbe KOje CBOjLIIM noc- _
TynULIIMa yCTBapLII npL1Ka3yjy lby,D,e. JlLIICLIIUa=nyKaBOCT, MpaB= Maplb~BOCT, 3eU = nnaWibLIIBOCT (,KOptba'-la L1 3eU" , ,JlLIICLIIUa L1 rpo>Klje")
nP~4E 0 >K~BOT~t-bAMA ~ y tbLIIMa je noKa3aHO ,D,a '-IOBeK 3Ha OC06L1He
>KLIIBOTLIItba, anLII LIIX He npeHOCLII Ha lby,D,e. (, K03a L1 Ce,D,aM japLIIlia")
AH Er.UOTE - To cy KpaTKe, 3aHL1MibL1Be L1 cMewHe npL~~'-Ie o no3HaTLIIM
nL~~'-IHOCTLIIMa, sna,D,apL~~Ma, o noeL~~, Hacpa,D,LIIH-xouL~~, EpL1.(,nycTLIIO 6L~~x je
tbera, a11L1 Helle OH MeHe")

I<PATKE HAPO.UHE YMOTBOPl'lljE

nOCJlOB~UE - Ha ca>KeT Ha'-ILIIH LIICKa3aHa je HeKa HapO,D,Ha MYAP~CT.
(Ko pa,D,LII, He 6ojL1 ce rna,D,LII.)
~3PEKE - ycTalbeHLII L13pa3L1 KOjLIIMa ce HeWTO nOTBpljyje LllflLII npL1Ka3yje
HeKa OC06L1Ha flLII'-IHOCTLII (~Ma 3IlaTHe pyKe.)
3ArOHETKE - cy rosopHe L~~rpe y KojL~~Ma ce nocTaBiba nL~~Tatbe.
6e11e KOKe LIICnO,D, CTpexe BLI!pe? (3y6L1)
nl1TAJ1~UE -TO je nLIITatbe y 0611LIIKY 3aroHeTKe ca OWTpOyMHLIIM O,D,fOBopoM (nLIITailLII lbeTLII ropy: 3aWTO nna'-leW Ka,D, CLII TaKO OKLI!fteHa?
- 3aTo wTo 3HaM ,D,a nocnL~~je lbeTa ,D,ona3L1 3L1Ma.)
5P3An~UE - TO cy rosopHe L~~rpe: noTpe6Ho je TPLII nyTa 6p3o L13rosopL1TL1 L13pa3 KOjLII je Te>KLII 3a L13rosop (Ha spx 6p,D,a sp6a Mp,D,a!)
5PQJAJ1~UE - rOBOpHe Lllrpe KOje ce KOpLIICTe y LllrpaMa CKpL1Batba
(EULII , neuL~~, neu,, TLII eLl! ManLII 3eu,, a ja Mana 8esepL~~ua, euL~~, neu,LII, neu,!)
84

I
I

THL4 4 KA KHlH>KEBHOCT
TPLII KtbLII>KeBHa po,D,a
- lby6asHa necMa, e11erL1ja, onL~~cHa (AecKpLIInTLIIBHa) necMa,
y6L1Ba (naTpLIIOTCKa) necMa, COULIIjailHa necMa, MLIICaOHa
eKCLIIBHa) necMa
EnCKA nOE3~JA Y nP03~ = poMaH, npLIInOBeTKa, HOBeila,
UPTLIIUa
EnCKA nOE3~JA Y CT~XY enoneja, en_LIIIlLII cnes

EnCKO-ll~PCKA nOE3~JA

- 6aila,D,a, poMaHca, noeMa

.UPAMA

Tpare,D,LIIja, KOMe,D,LIIja, ,D,paMa y y>KeM CMLIICily

Kl-b~)f(EBHO-HAY4HE BPCTE

nyTOnLIIC, ,D,HeBHLIIK, MeMoapLII, 6LI!OrpacJ>LIIja,

ayT06LIIOrpact>
. .
.
.~

. 85

@IlK A
(@lt!KA DOC!SMJi)
Oeo je liajcy6jeKTHl3HHjH KtbH>KesHw po.o. y l<oJeM ce npHKa3yjy
oceliat-ba, pHTMWIK.H P!; 3SYLIHO yo611HLieHa KOje cy H3pa>KeHe cyreCTHBHHM H CHM60J1HLIKHM nec~MLIKHM CilHKaMa

riViPCK E flECME .UEJl~MQ HA~

:/-

EI1Erlf1JA - necMe 1113pa3HTO TY>KHHX oceliatba 3a HeLIHM wTo je .

npOWilO
'0nlf1C.HA (,o,ecKpHnTHBHa) - ,o,aje ce onHc npHpo,o,e Koja KOA necHHKa
H3a3HBa o,o,peljeHa oceliatba
PO.ll0IbY61f1BA (naTpHOTC~a) .. ~. Aa)e _ ~e , Ko,neK~HaHVI ocetlaj je;D.HOr
Hapo,o,a npeMa ,D,OMOBHHH, CBO.IVi tiap.OAy :;~f ~CJ.BI.1Liajy
.

'

..

JA
A - neCHHK npeHOCH KOileKTH.Btla~ qc~.liaf.ba KOja OH
,o,o>KHBibasa Kao csoja, npeHOCH csoje cHi\nriai:ill)e ~peMa noTilaLieHHM
...

._,

nOE3~JA

Y nP03Vf

IbY6ABHE - y OBHM nec.MaMa neCHHK .HCK~~yje lby?as.

EnCKA

~~

08a spcTa noe3Hje je o6jeKTH8HHja o,o, IlHpcKe. Y tbHMa cy onHcaHH

CT83pHH ,lJ,OraljajH, neCHHK je nOCMaTpaLI H BeOMa M3110 Metba CilHKY
CBeTa.

H yrpo>KeHHM

,t .

. ..

Mlf1CAOHA (peci>IleKCHBHa) - npeHeC.~HHM .: ~.ia4ef-hHMa necHHK HCKa3yje ci>HI1030ci>CKe CTaBOBe, MHCflH, pa3M.HWTh3tb3 0 BeLIHTHM TeMaMa.
CATif1Pif1CJHA - necHHK HCKa3yje C8ojy oropLieHOCT H He~a,o,o80ibCTBO
,o,pyWT80M y KOMe >KH8H; HCMeaa nOje,D,HHUe npa8elil,"j'OA tbHX
KapHKaTypy

POMAH - je ,o,e11o Koje npHKa3yje cy,o,6HHY noje,o,HHUa y HeKOM

,o,pywT8Y H cy,o,6HHY Tor ,o,pywT8a . .llellH ce:
npeMa TEMATif1Uif1 Ha a8aHTYPHCTHLIKe, ,o,pywT8eHe, couHjallHe,
8HTeWKe, nCHXOilOWKe
npeMa nlf1WLfEBOM CTABY Ha xyMopHCTII1LIKH, caTHPHLIKH,
,lJ,H,lJ,3KTHLIKH
npeMa HALflf1HY KA31f1BAI-bA Ha npHLiatbe y 1. IlHUy, y 3. IlHUy, y
0611HKY ,D,Hjallora, ,lJ,He8HHKa
npeMa Lflf1TAOUif1MA KOJif1MA JE HAMEI-bEH Ha Kll~CHLIHH, 3a6a8HH,
nyTOnHCHH, TpH8Hj311HH
npeMa EnOXIf11f1 Kl-blf1>KEBHOM nPABUY Ha poMaHTHLIHH, peallHCTHLIHH, pOMaH TOKa CBeCTl'i, MO,D,epHH
nPif1nOBETKA - TO je Kpalia ct>opMa, 311H je3rpOBHTl'ija H ca>KeTHja .
0Ha CilHKa je,o,aH ,o,eo >KHBOTa r11asHor jyHaKa HilH ,o,pywTsa. Mo>Ke
6HTH: peallHCTHLIHa, CaTHpHLIHa, COUHjallHa, nCHXOilOWKa,
XYMOpHCTHLIHa
HOBEilA - TO je 8pcTa npHno8eTKe Kojoj je TeMa HHTepecaHTaH HilH
Heo6HLiaH ,o,oraljaj.
UPT.1UA - 080 je l<paTKa npHnoseTKa y Kojoj je TeMa onHc je,o,Hor
>KH80THOr TpeHyTKa IlHLIHOCTH

EnCKA nOE3VfJA Y

CT~XY

. lf1.lJ.If1IlA .. necMe 0 MHpHOM >KH80!Y 1bYAH Y npHpO,D,H

()

COHET - 080 je ycT~IbeHa necHHLIKa ct>opMa o,o, 14 CTHX08a Koje cy pacnopeljeHe y 4 cTpOcl>e (,o,8a KaTpeHa=cTpoct>e o,o, 4 CTHxa) H ,o,se Tep~
UHHe (CTpOcl>a O,lJ, 3 CTHXa)

En HilH CnEB - y tbeMy Ce one8ajy KOI1eKTH8HH HCTOpHjCKH ,lJ,OraljajH

Kao wTo cy paTOBH, noxo,o,H, oc8ajatba, oc11o6aljatba. Y tbeMy ce
jyHaUH 6ope 3a cseonwTH HHTepec.
.,

.I

EnOnEJA - TO je 8el1HKH enCKH cne8 0 HCTOpHj'CKHM ,o,oraljajHMa

nECM,A Y nP031f1 - TO je noce6Ha neCHHLIKa ci>OpMa y HeBe3aHOM CTHXY

86

87
.

,o o.u 0,,o .. ouoo>"' .... ""''"'''H'-~.. "--'>o>oo,..n~-<>u"""'''''"U"'-' '''"''.,..,...,,,_ ,u., ., ,,, ,uo~"'' "' .. ''' "''''" "'"'.. " .. _''"'''u""'.U,.O..ooo>>-''"'......, , _ ,.., .. ,...,. .... ,....,.,., ... ,.,,,uo oo>o> " " '"'w''u ... o<<><'o.-uoo>oO > , ,, , ,..,......,,,,, ....,. .. ,,, ,.J,u"" -.,u>" ->_ .. ....,,, .. ,, ., ..,,..,, ,,.,.,,,., , ,,. , .,.,~uo >loou o.,;..; ,,,..,,.., ....... .,, .. ,. ,. .. , ,.

ErlCKQ-JjiiAPCKA YMEliHIM'4KA nOE3L4JA

nOEMA .. TO je .a,eno y KOjeM cy enCKM J;lOral)ajM npOTK8HM MnM npeKMHyTM
YHOWetbeM 11MpCkMX eneMeH&Ta, OC8118tb8 MJ1M p83MMWI'b8tb8
5AJ1A,llA OHe neaajy 0 HeKMM MCTOpMjCKMM .QOra1jajMM8 MnM 0 HeKOM jyHaKy
H8 AMH8MM"f8H H8~MH ta nyHO OCe118tb8
POMAHCA OH8 neaa 0 lly6aBM M t.tyAeCHMM AOra1jajMM8, BeApOr je pacno.no>Ketba, naKa_M AYXOBMTa

APAA\A
D.paMa le npeJJ.Bl11jeHa Aa ce l13BOAl1 Ha ClJ,eHH. 0Ha C8Ap>Kl1 e~e
MeHTe lll1pcKor l1 encKor l1 yseK HeKH cyKo6 KOjH Tpa>KH Aa ce
pa3pewl1 , .
D.paMa Mopa Aa 38AOBOJblll TPlll JED.IIIHCTBA: MECTA, BPEME:HA l1
PAD.I-bE .

KOMn031t1Uit1JA EnCKOr .llEflA

KOMn03M~Mja

je.QHOf KH,M>KeBHOr Ael18 je CI10>KeHO je.QMHCTBO ~OpMe M

caAp>KMHe. Hat.tMH Aa ce p8311M'4Mn1 eneMeHTM KtblOKesHor Aena (Aoraljajr,,
_!lMKOBM, MOTMBM, TeMe) nose3yjy y je.QMHCTBeHY. yMeTHM'tKY uenMHY H83MB3
ce KOMn03MUMJA EnCKOr ,llEJlA.
TEMA - TO je npe.o.MeT lt111M MMC80 Kojy .Qeno HOCM y ce6M (TeMaTMKa: Jby6aaH8, po.a.olby6Msa, couMjanHa...)
<J>A6YI1A - +o je cneA .Qoraljaja y speMeHy y KojeM je M3pe1.teHa TeMa
-nl1K - TO je HOCMnau pa.a,tbe. nocToje rnaaHM, cnope,o.HM (enM30AHM)
nMKOB.M, KOjM Mory 6MTM npMKa3aHM no caojMM YHYTPAWI-bfiiM (KapaK'tepHMM) ,lf1flM CnOibAWI-bMM (~M3M"'KM M3rne.o., nopTpeT) OC06MH8M8
fiiJlEJA - TO je MMC80 KOjOM je npo>KeTO ,o,eno ( 0 >KMBOTY..)
MOTLIIB - To je .HajMatba TeMaTcKa .u.enMHa Koja ce He MO>Ke AaJbe pa3naraTM
Eniii30JlA :.; TO je 380Kpy>KeHanpMnOse.o,a'"IK8 u,enMH8 KOja je CMMC80HO
nose3aHa ca wMpoM u.enMHOM

06IIlt1U_III KA3111BAH:A Y EnCKOM D.EIIY

06nMUM K33MB3tb3 y je.QHOM enCKOM IJ,eny MOry 6MTM:
HAPAU~JA _ (npL1nose,D,al-be) - Ka3MBatbe noje.AMHOCTM
_
X POHOilOWKO npL1nose)J.atbe - K83MB8tbe npeMa speMeHy nojaBlbMB8tb8
PETPOCnEKT~BHO npL1'481-be - npM'"Iatbe OA C8A8WtbOCTM i<a npownocTM
nP~nOBEJlAI-bE Y nPBOM Il~UY - npi1nose,Qatbe je y6e.AfbMBMje
nP~nOBE.UAI-bE Y TPEliEM Il~UY - nMcau ce ,QMCTaHUMpa, o6jeKTMBHMjM je
On~C~BAI-bE (AeCKpL1nUMja) - CflMKatbe JbYJJ.M, npMpo.a.e, CTB8pM
On~C Jl~KA (nopTpeT) - MCTMU8tbe <IJM3M'tKMX KapaKTepHMX OC06MH3 11M'K8
On~C nP~PQ,UE (nej38>K) - CJ1MK3tbe K8p8KTepMCTM'tHMX .a.enoaa npMpOAe
EHTEP~JEP - npMKa3 yHyYpawtbOCTM HeKMX npocTopMja MI1M rpa1jesMHe
EKCTEP~JEP - npMKa3 cnolbawtber M3rneJJ.a HeKor o6jeKTa
.UVIJAilOr - pa3ro~;~op M3Meljy .Qse MJ1M sMwe oco6a
MOHOilOr - nMK ce o6pafaa caMoM ce6M
YHYTPAWI-b~ MOHOilOr - npaTM ce pa3MMWlbatbe HeKor nMKa (npaTH ce TOK
c~:~ecTM)
88

ETAnE

Y PA.J BOJY D.PAMCKE PAD.I-bE:

YBOD. (eKcno31l1LJ,l1ja) - yaoAH Hac y AP81\t1Y .

. .. _ . . .
3An11ET - ()6l14HO ce yso,cilli HOBH MOTHB KOjl1 AOBOA.l1 AO 8KU,l1je
rllaBHOr jyHaKa l111LII OKOilHHe .
.
.
BPXYHAU (KYilMHHaLUtlja) - HajHaneTHjH TpeHyTaK cyKo6a, nocTojH
BHW~ pewetba
. ..
.
.
.
06PT (nepl1neTMja) - cKpeTatbe. paAtbe y jeAHOM npaeu,y, npeoKpeT
PACnllET - pewetbe npo6ileMa llinH cyKo6a -
_)

CSAKO D.PAMCKO D.EilO CAD.P>KIIl: .

nOnlllC 11111LJA - H8J183l1 ce. Ha no'-leTKY Aella
n030PIIIWHY 11111CTY (acj)H,w y) - noAau.H o_ llHKOBHMa, Me_cTy l1 speMeHy . .
- . -PEMAPKE (Al1AacKanl1je) - nl1W4esa ynyTcTsa (y 3arpaAaMa)
4111H - ApaMCKa U,elll1Ha KOjOM je OCTBapeHO jeAHHCTBO ApaMCKe
paAtbe
_
nOJABY (Cill1K}', npl130p) - AeO 4l1Ha KOjl1 3H84l1 npoMeHy Ha CU,eHH
D.II1JA110r - pa3rosop ABajy l11ll1..sl1we nl1u,a Ha no3opHl1U.l1
D.PAMCKI/1 MOHOilOr - rosop jeAHOr lll1u,a, nl1pCKl1 e11eMeHT ApaMe
D.PAMCKA nOE3111JA CE D.Elllll HA:
TPArE.D.liiJY - jyHaK HOCH Tparl14HY Kpl1Bl1U.y, l1383l1Ba oceliaj
y3Bl1WeHor l1 xepojcKor. PacnneT je yseK Ty>KaH l1 Tparw-laH.
KOMED.II1JY - npl1Ka3yje ce npoceYaH >KHBOT, tberose MaHe l1
HeAOCTau,H KOjHMa ce cMeje. PacnneT je yseK cpeliaH.
BpcTe KOMeAHje:
KOMEJU1JA MHTPMrE (CH"JY3l-'Hje)
KOMEJlMJA KAPAKTEPA (ncHXonowKa KOMeAHja)
KOMEJlMJA HAPABM (APJWTBeHa KOMe.AHja)
JIPAMA Y ~EM CMMCHY (cnoj TpareAHje H KoMeAHje)
89

C:A.flP>KAJ
To cy:
nYTOnli1C
.UHEBHLI1K
MEMOAPIII
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ca He4Li1M no3HaTLI1jLI1M
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nEPCOHLI1<l>LI1KAULI1JA- Ha4Li1H Ka3Li1Bal-ba KOjOM ce CTBapLi1Ma Li1
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XLI1nEP50IlA npeTepaHO yee11Li14aBal-be 36oreener ect>eKTa
OHOMATOnEJA- no.o.pa>Kasafbe rnacoea Li1 3ByKoea Li13 npL11po.o.e
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AnOCTPO<l>A, A<l>OPLI13AM, CLI1M50Il, LI1POHLI1JA, CAPKA3AM,
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PA3rOBOPHLI1 (roeopHL11), HAY4HLI1 (HayYHononynapHL11),

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YMETHVlYKA Kl-blii>KEBHOCT

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