18-2 Modern Evolutionary

Classification
A
Jacky Wong
Winnie
Fanny Wong
Jeffrey
Production
 Basic Terms
 Linnaeus - a Swedish botanist who lived during the eighteenth
century.
 Taxonomy - discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each
organism a universally accepted name.
 Phylogeny- the study of evolutionary relationships among
organisms.
 Evolutionary Classification- the method of grouping organisms
together according to their evolutionary history.
 Derived Characters - characteristic that appears in recent parts of
lineage, but not in its older members.
 Cladogram - diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships
among a group of organisms.
 Molecular Clock - model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the
length of time that two species have been evolving independently.
 Linnaeus
 Linnaeus was the one
who had come up with
a two-word naming
system called binomial
nomenclature, which
is still in use today.
Each species is
assigned to a two-part
scientific name.
 Taxonomy
 Taxonomy allows scientists to classify
organisms. It allows scientists to be able
to name species and group them. The
order goes as shown from smallest to
largest:
 Species>Genus>Family>Order>Class>Ph
ylum>Kingdom
 Phylogeny
 Phylogeny is simply evolutionary
relationships in organisms.
 An example would be crabs and
barnacles. Both have molted external
skeletons and segmentation.
 Evolutionary Classification
 Evolutionary classification is the classification
and grouping of organisms based on their
evolutionary relationships and history. Before
evolutionary classification, organisms were
simply grouped based on physical appearance.
 An example would be barnacles and limpets.
They were once grouped together because they
looked similar. However, scientists have
discovered that barnacles share more
characteristics with crabs than they do with
limpets, showing they are more related
evolution-wise.
 Derived Characters and
Cladograms
 Derived characters
are characteristics
appearing in recent
times of lineage but
not in older parts.
 Derived characters
can be used in
cladograms, a
diagram showing
evolutionary
relationships among
group of organisms.
Molecular Clock