3/3 Chapter 19 Bookwork

Tuesday, February 23, 2021 1:59 PM

Read chapter 19 in your book and answer the questions below - information on how to access your
online textbook below
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Chapter 19.1

1. Identify two goals of systemics To assign each species a unique, universally accepted name, and to
organize living things into groups that have biological meaning.
2. In which group of organisms are the members more closely related - all of the organisms of the same
kingdom or all the organisms on the same order? Explain Organisms in the same order. 
3. How do the six kingdoms fit into the three domains? New evidence revealed that the two main
prokaryote groups are even more different from each other than eukaryotes. Therefore,
scientists established the domain system. 
4. What problem is solved by the Linnean system of classification? Due to the linnean's system of
classification scientist were able to identify  organism name , group via standardized system 
5. A starfish and a sea cucumber are both members of the same phylum, called Echinodermata. From this
information, what other taxa can you conclude that they share? Animalia kingdom 

Chapter 19.2
1. How is the goal of evolutionary classification different from Linnaean classification? The goal of
evolutionary classification is to group species into larger categories that reflect lines of
evolutionary descent, rather than overall similarities. The goal of linnean classification is to group
species into larger categories based on physical characteristics 
2. What is the relationship between clade and a cladogram?  clade is usually illustrated in a cladogram,
which is a drawing that shows all the evolutionary relationships among species. It also shows how
evolutionary lineages split from common ancestors.
3. How do taxonomists use the DNA sequences of species to determine how closely related two species
are? The more derived genetic characters shared by two species, the more recently they shared
a common ancestor, and the more closely they are related in evolutionary term. 
4. How is the tree of life related to the work of Charles Darwin?

Critical Thinking
1. How are members of domain Bacteria and Archaea alike? How are they different? Members of domains
Bacteria and Archaea are single-celled prokaryotes. These organisms obtain energy using photosynthesis,
chemosynthesis, and consuming other organisms. However, the members of domain Bacteria have cell
walls that contain peptidoglycan, whereas members of the domain Archaea do not have peptidoglycan
on their cell walls. Moreover, they are known to live in extreme or harsh environments.
2. A cladogram for bats includes the development of wings for flight. Birds also fly, so should they also be
included in the cladogram? Explain. The wings of the birds and the bats are considered as analogous
structures, which share the same function. However, their wings were not inherited from a common
ancestor that has wings but they got it from an ancestor that has four limbs; hence, the limbs can
represent the last point in which birds and bats shared a recent single common ancestor. Therefore, the
answer is yes. Birds and bats are related by a common ancestor that has limbs.