CHAPTER 2

HAPTER 2 : QUADRATIC EQUATION

A. Introduction
Definition: An equation that contains the unknowns power=2.
Standard form:

a x 2+ bx+ c=0 ; a , b , c are contants ,a 0.

Remember, when it says about ROOT, it is actually talk about the VALUE of the
unknown.
B. Solving Quadratic Equation
How to solve quadratic equation?
i)
ii)
iii)

By factorization
By using formula
By completing the square

Example 1
2

Solve x 2 x 3=0 .
By using factorization
2

x 2 x 3=0

( x+1 )( x3)=0
x=1x=3
By using formula

b b24 ac
x=
2a
x 22 x 3=0

; a=

b=

c=

CHAPTER 2

By using completing the square

x 22 x 3=0

; a=

b=

-2

c=

-3

Step to solve:
1. Make sure a=1 and LHS=0.
2. Find

b
2 .

b 2
= =1
2 2
3. Make

a x 2+ bx+

x 22 x +

b 2 b 2

+c =0
2
2

() ()

b 2 b 2

3=0
2
2

() ()

4. Make factorization by

x 22 x + (1 )2(1 )23=0
b 2 b 2
x+ +
+ c=0
2
2

( )()

then solve.

x
2
[ 22 x + (1 )2 ] (1 ) 3=0

( x1 )2(1 )23=0

( x1 )24=0

( x1 )2=4

When ( x1 )=2, x=3

When ( x1 )=2, x=1

( x1 )= 4

C. Make an equation given the roots

Formula:
2

x ( S .O . R ) x + ( P .O . R )=0
S.O.R = Sum of roots

P.O.R= Product of roots

Type of roots

b 4 ac >0

2 different roots

b24 ac <0

No real roots

( x1 )= 2

CHAPTER 2
2 equal roots

b24 ac =0

Example 2
Given that the roots of an equation is -1 and 4. Find the equation.