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Purification of Benzoic Acid by Sublimation and
Purification of Benzoic Acid by Sublimation and
T.H. Tsai, R.F Vila, K.Y.* Visco, R.G. Vivar, J.C. Zafra, J.C. Ziganay
Abstract:
Sublimation is the process by which a substance undergoes conversion from the solid phase to the gas
phase, without going through the intermediate liquid phase. This experiment aims to purify benzoic acid
through sublimation, compute for its percentage recovery and compare its purified substance with a
standard to determine its melting point. The impure benzoic acid is heated in an evaporating dish covered
with inverted watch glass and after some time, the sublimate is collected for percentage recovery
computation and also packed in a capillary tube for its melting point determination. A result of 7.88% of
percentage recovery was achieved from the sublimation process and a result of 130C was obtained in
the melting point determination indicating that the pure substance (standard) and the sublimate are the
same.
Introduction:
Sublimation is the process by which a
substance undergoes conversion from
the solid phase to the gas phase,
without going through the liquid phase.
In this phenomenon, the transition from
the solid to the gaseous state requires
an intermediate liquid state [1]. A
number of solids can simply change into
vapors; these vapors can sublime,
meaning that vapors form a solid without
going through the liquid state. A good
example that can undergo sublimation is
ice when pressure is reduced, 1/100th
of the usual atmospheric pressure.
Sublimation is helpful in purifying some
solids like menthol, naphthalene, iodine,
etc. [2]. Sublimation is a technique used
by chemists to purify compounds. Under
this reduced pressure, the solid
volatilizes and condenses as a purified
compound on a cooled surface. Once
heating ceases, the purified compound
may be collected from the cooling
5g
124.5g
124.20g
0.3938g
Percentage recovery:
weight of sublimate
100
weight of impure benzoic acid
0.3938 g
100 =7.8 8
5g
Melting point of benzoic
acid
Sublimate
t1 = 124C
t2 = 130C
Pure
Benzoic
Acid
t1 = 124C
t2 = 130C
Discussions:
In the experiment performed, the
sublimate is formed at the cooling
surface (inverted face) of the watch
glass after heating for about 10-15
minutes. The sublimate weighed about
0.3938g and a percentage recovery of
7.88% was obtained from the ratio of the