2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved.

This material is protected under copyright

laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

1-1. The floor of a light storage warehouse is made of

150-mm-thick cinder concrete. If the floor is a slab having a
length of 3 m and width of 2.4 m, determine the resultant force
caused by the dead load and that caused by the live load.

From Table 13,

DL  (150 mm)(0.017 kN/m2/mm(2.4 m)(3.0 m)  18.4 kN Ans
From Table 14,
LL  (6 kN/m2)(2.4 m)(3.0 m)  43.2 kN

Ans

1-2. The building wall consists of 200-mm clay brick. In the

interior, the wall is made from 50 mm  100 mm wood studs,
plastered on one side. If the wall is 3 m high, determine the
load in kN per meter of length of wall that the wall exerts on
the flloor.

3m

From Table 13.

DL  (3.78 kN/m2)(3 m) + (0.57 kN/m2)(3m)  13.1 kN/m

Ans

13. The second floor of a light manufacturing building is

constructed from a 100-mm thick reinforced-stone concrete
slab with an added 75-mm cinder concrete fill as shown. If
the suspended ceiling of the first floor consists of metal lath
and gypsum plaster, determine the dead load for design in
Newtons per square meter of floor area.

75 mm cinder fill
100 mm concrete slab
ceiling

From Table 1 3.
100 mm reinforced stone slab  100(0.023)  2.30 kN/m2
75 mm cinder concrete
 75(0.017)  1.28 kN/m2
Plaster and lath
 0.48 kN/m2
Total

p  4.06 kN/m2

Ans

 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

14. The hollow core panel is made from plain stone

concrete. Determine the dead weight of the panel. The holes
each have a diameter of 100 mm.

175 mm
300 m 300 m

3.6 m
300 m

300 m

300 m 300 m

W = (22.6 kN/m2)[(3.6 m)(1.8 m)(0.175 m) 5(3.6 m)(p)(0.05 m)2]

= 22.4 kN

Ans

200 mm
200 mm
500 mm

375 mm

375 mm
150 mm
150
mm
150 mm

 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

17. The second floor of a light manufacturing building is

constructed from a 125-mm-thick stone concrete slab with an
added 100-mm cinder concrete fill as shown. If the suspended
ceiling of the first floor consists of metal lath and gypsum
plaster, determine the dead load for design in kN per square
meter of floor area.

From Tables 1 2 and 1 3,

100 mm cinder fill

125 mm concrete slab

ceiling

125-mm concrete slab  (22.6)(0.125)  2.825

100-mm cinder fill
 (17.0)(0.100)  1.700
metal lath & plaster
 0.48
Total dead load
 5.0 kN/m2

*18. The T-beam used in a heavy storage warehouse is

made of concrete having a specific weight of 19.6 kN/m3.
Determine the dead load per meter length of beam, and the
live load on the top of the beam per meter length of beam.
Neglect the weight of the steel reinforcement.

900 mm

150 mm

200 mm

900 mm
A
= 900(150) + 200(500) + 300(250) = 310 000 mm2
DL = (310 000
106 m2)(19.6 kN/m3) = 6.08 kN/m
From Table 1 4,

Ans

900 mm
= (11.97 kN/m2) 1000 mm/m = 10.77 kN/m

Ans

LL

250 mm

300 mm

19. The beam supports the roof made from asphalt shingles
and wood sheathing boards. If the boards have a thickness of
38 mm and a specific weight of 7.86 kN/m3, and the roofs
angle of slope is 30, determine the dead load of the roofing
per square meter that is supported in the x and y directions
by the purlins.

Weight per square meter


From

Table 1 3
Shingles
Total

38 mm

= (7.86 kN/m3)
1000 mm/m
2
= 0.30 kN/m
= 0.10 kN/m2
= 0.40 kN/m2
r = 0.40 kN/m2

 
  




rx = (0.40) sin 30o = 0.20 kN/m2

ry = (0.40) cos 30o = 0.35 kN/m2

Ans
Ans

Ans

 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

110. A two-storey school has interior columns that

are spaced 4.5 m apart in two perpendicular
directions. If the loading on the flat roof is estimated
to be 1 kN/m2, determine the reduced live load
supported by a typical interior column at (a) the
ground-floor level, and (b) the second-floor level.
Tributary area AT = (4.5)(4.5) = 20.25 m2
FR = 1(20.25) = 20.25 kN
Since KLLAT = 4(20.25) > 37.2
Live load for second floor can be reduced.

4.57
K LL At )

L = LO(0.25 +
L = 1.92(0.25 +
a)

b)

4.57
2
( 4)(20.25) = 1.45 kN/m

For ground floor column:

L = 1.45 > 0.5 LO = 0.96
FF = 1.45(20.25) = 29.46 kN
Fg = FF + FR = 29.46 + 20.25 = 49.71 kN

Ans

For second floor column:

F = FR = 20.25 kN

Ans

1.11.
*112.
A four-storey office building has interior
columns spaced 9 m apart in two perpendicular
directions. If the flat-roof loading is estimated to be
1.5 kN/m2, determine the reduced live load supported
by a typical interior column located at ground level.

Floor load:
LO = 2.40 kN/m2
At = (9)(9) = 81 m2
L

= LO(0.25 +
= 2.40(0.25 +

4.57
K LL At )
4.57
2
4(81) ) = 1.21 kN/m

1.21
= 50% > 40% (OK)
2.40
Fg = 3[1.21 kN/m2)(9 m)(9 m)] + 1.5 kN/m2(9 m)(9 m) = 415.5 kN
% reduction =

Ans

111.
*1.12. A three-storey hotel has interior columns that
are spaced 6 m apart in two perpendicular directions.
If the loading on the flat roof is estimated to be 1.5
kN/m2, determine the live load supported by a typical
interior column at (a) the ground-floor level, and (b)
the second-floor level.
At = (6)(6) = 36 m2
LO = 1.92 kN/m2
L

a)
b)

= LO (0.25 +

4.57
K LL At )

=1.92(0.25 +

4.57
2
4(36) ) = 1.21 kN/m

Fg = 2[(36 m2)(1.21 kN/m2)] + (36 m2)(1.5 kN/m2)

= 141.2 kN
F2F = (36 m2)(1.21 kN/m2) + (36 m2)(1.5 kN/m2)
= 97.6 kN

Ans
Ans

 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

1.8 m
2.4 m
1.35 m

3m

 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

B
A
4.5 m
30 m
wind

C
D

15 m

0.613KzKz1KdV 2I
0.613Kz(1)(1)(40)2(0.87)
0.613(0.85)(1)(1)(40)2(0.87)  725 N/m2
0.613(0.90)(1)(1)(40)2(0.87)  768 N/m2
1
h  15 + (7.5 tan 10)  5.16 m
2
qh 725
768 725
=
5.16 4.6 6.1 4.6
qh  741 N/m2
q1 

q15 
q20 

External pressure on windward side of roof

p  qhGCp
h 5.16
=
= 0.344
L
15
[(0.9 ) (0.7 )] (0.9 C p )
=
(0.5 0.344 )
(0.5 0.25 )
Cp  0.7752
p  741(0.85)(0.7752)  488 N/m2

Ans

External pressure on leeward side of roof

[ 0.5 (0.3)] (0.5 C p )
=
(0.5 0.25 )
(0.5 0.344 )
Cp  0.3752
p  qhGCp
 741(0.85)(0.3752) = 236 N/m2

Ans

Internal pressure
p  qh(GCp1)  741(0.18)  134 N/m2

Ans

 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

B
A
4.5 m
30 m
wind

C
D

15 m

0.613KzKz1KdV 2I
0.613Kz(1)(1)(40)2(0.87)
0.613(0.85)(1)(1)(40)2(0.87)  725 N/m2
0.613(0.90)(1)(1)(40)2(0.87)  768 N/m2
1
q  4.5 + (7.5 tan 10)  5.16 m
2
qh 725
768 725
=
5.16 4.6 6.1 4.6
qh  741 N/m2
q1 

q15 
q20 

External pressure on windward wall

p  qzG Cp 725(0.85)(0.8) 493 N/m2

External pressure on leeward wall

Ans

L 15
=
= 0.5
B 30

p qhGCp 741(0.85)(0.5) 315 N/m2

External pressure on side walls

p qhGCp 741(0.85)(0.7) 441 N/m2

Ans

Internal pressure
p  qh(GCp1)  741(0.18)  134 N/m2

Ans

 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

 2009 by R.C. Hibbeler. Published by Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. This material is protected under copyright
laws as they currently exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

119. A hospital located in Chicago, Illinois, has a flat roof,

where the ground snow load is 1.2 kN/m2. Determine the design
snow load on the roof of the hospital.
CI  1.3
CI  1.0
I  1.2
pf  0.7CICIIpg
pf  0.7(1.3)(1.0)(1.2)(1.2)  1.31 kN/m2
Since pg > 0.96 kN/m2, then use
pf  I(0.96 kN/m2)  1.2(0.96 kN/m2)  1.15 kN/m2

Ans