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Iuphysicsp201F2009: Assignment 5B
Iuphysicsp201F2009: Assignment 5B
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IUPhysicsP201F2009
Assignment 5b
Due at 11:00pm on Sunday, October 5, 2008
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Details
Problem 6.57
Description: Early test flights for the space shuttle used a "glider" (mass of 980 kg including pilot) that was
launched horizontally at 500 (km)/h from a height of 3500 m. The glider eventually landed at a speed of 200
(km)/h. (a) What would its landing speed...
Early test flights for the space shuttle used a "glider" (mass of 980
at 500
Part A
What would its landing speed have been in the absence of air resistance?
Express your answer using two significant figures.
ANSWER:
=
Part B
What was the average force of air resistance exerted on it if it came in at a constant glide of 10
ANSWER:
to the Earth?
Problem 6.88
Description: Some electric-power companies use water to store energy. Water is pumped by reversible turbine
pumps from a low to a high reservoir. (a) To store the energy produced in t hour by a P P * 10^6 (W) electric-power
plant, how many cubic meters of...
Some electric-power companies use water to store energy. Water is pumped by reversible turbine pumps from a low
to a high reservoir.
Part A
To store the energy produced in 3.0 hour by a 150
meters of water will have to be pumped from the lower to the upper reservoir? Assume the upper reservoir is
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490
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above the lower and we can neglect the small change in depths within each. Water has a mass of 1000
for every
Problem 6.76
Description: An airplane pilot fell h after jumping from an aircraft without his parachute opening. He landed in a
snowbank, creating a crater d deep, but survived with only minor injuries. Assuming the pilot's mass was m and his
terminal velocity was v_terminal. ...
An airplane pilot fell 390
after jumping from an aircraft without his parachute opening. He landed in a snowbank,
creating a crater 1.5
deep, but survived with only minor injuries. Assuming the pilot's mass was 79
and his
terminal velocity was 39
Part A
Estimate the work done by the snow in bringing him to rest.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
ANSWER:
=
Part B
Estimate the magnitude of the average force exerted on him by the snow to stop him.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
ANSWER:
=
Part C
Estimate the work done on him by air resistance as he fell.
Express your answer using two significant figures.
ANSWER:
=
Problem 6.58
Description: (a) How long will it take a P motor to lift a m piano to a sixth-story window y above?
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Part A
How long will it take a 630
ANSWER:
above?
= 36.0
toolbox, causing it to start sliding downward, starting from rest. A frictional force of magnitude
acts on the toolbox as it slides. If the box starts
= 4.25
will the toolbox be moving just as it reaches the edge of the roof? Assume that the acceleration due to gravity is
= 9.80
.
Problem Solving Strategy 7.3 Conservation of energy with nonconservative forces
SET UP
1. Identify the system you will analyze, and decide on the initial and final states (positions and velocities) you
will use in solving the problem. Draw one or more sketches showing the initial and final states.
2. Define your coordinate system, particularly the zero points for gravitational and elastic potential energies
(the point at which
).
3. List the initial and final kinetic and potential energies (
nonconservative forces. Write an expression for the work,
, and
SOLVE
5. Does your answer make sense? Did friction slow the object down? Did any pushing forces speed the object
up? Can you explain any negative signs?
SET UP
Before writing any equations, organize your information and draw appropriate diagrams.
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Part A
The initial and final states of the toolbox are illustrated in the figure. Identify the initial speed
the vertical distance through which the toolbox moves.
, and
Enter the initial speed and the height symbolically in terms of the variables given in the problem
introduction, separated by a comma.
ANSWER:
After identifying the initial and final positions and velocities of the toolbox, you must define your coordinate
system. You can choose any coordinate system you wish. However, for this problem use the coordinate
system shown in the figure.
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Part B
Determine the initial and final kinetic energies,
and
Enter the initial and final kinetic energies of the toolbox symbolically in terms of the variables given in the
problem introduction separated by a comma.
ANSWER:
Part C
Determine the initial and final potential energies,
and
Enter the initial and final potential energies of the toolbox symbolically in terms of the variables given in the
problem introduction separated by a comma. Do not use the variable introduced in Part A.
ANSWER:
Part D
Determine the work
, making an angle
with
with magnitude
(as illustrated), acts on the object, the work done by the force on
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Enter the work done by nonconservative forces symbolically in terms of the variables given in the problem
introduction.
ANSWER:
SOLVE
Now that you have set up the problem, choose appropriate equations and solve for your unknowns.
Part E
Use the general expression for conservation of energy
to write an equation relating the initial and final kinetic and potential energies and the work done by friction.
Enter your equation symbolically using the variables given in the problem introduction. Do not use the
variable . Enter the left side of the equation and the right side of the equation separated by a comma. Do
not use an equal sign.
ANSWER:
The only unknown variable in this equation is . Use the values for the variables provided in the problem
introduction to solve for numerically.
Part F
What is the speed
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REFLECT
Think about whether your results make sense.
Part G
If the force if friction is removed, how would your answer change?
ANSWER:
, and a number
force constant of the spring). According to Hooke, the force of the spring is directly proportional to its displacement
from equilibrium, or
.
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Part A
The following chart and accompanying graph depict an experiment to determine the spring constant for a baby
bouncer.
Displacement from
equilibrium,
( )
Force exerted on
the spring,
0.005
2.5
0.010
5.0
0.015
7.5
0.020
10
( )
The relationship between the displacement and force is linear. This set of data follows the form of
where
so
is the y intercept. For all springs, the force is 0 when the displacement is 0
. This leaves the slope of the line to determine the relationship between displacement and force. What is
. In this case,
All you need to do now is to convert the fraction to its decimal value.
Express your answer to two significant figures in newtons per meter.
ANSWER:
Part B
One of the greatest difficulties with setting up the baby bouncer is determining the right height above the floor so
that the child can push off and bounce. Knowledge of physics can be really helpful here.
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Hint B.1
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Use Hooke's law to determine the displacement of the spring from equilibrium given the force the spring must
exert to hold up the baby. The displacement must lower the baby toward the floor until the baby's feet can touch.
Hint B.2
The force the spring exerts is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force exerted on it by the weight
of the baby.
Part B.3
The weight of the baby is equal to the force exerted on the spring. What is the weight of the baby?
Hint B.3.a Formula for weight
Recall that the weight of an object is given by
,
where
Part B.4
Use Hooke's law to determine how far the spring would stretch downward once the baby is placed in the seat.
How far does the bottom end of the spring move?
Express your answer in meters to two significant figures.
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ANSWER:
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To finish the problem, you must consider the length of the baby's legs.
Express your answer in meters to two significant figures.
ANSWER:
A displacement of
for the spring holding up a baby may not seem very large but you must consider
how small babies are. Also, once the baby begins jumping up and down, the extra energy allows the spring to
stretch further than 0.22
and a resonant frequency may be achieved. At resonance the bouncing may
become too violent, leading to a potentially dangerous situation for the little bouncer.
Circling Ball
Description: Find difference between tension in string for bottom and top of vertical circle. Tagged hints.
A ball of mass
the string remains taut throughout the ball's motion. Assume that the ball travels freely in this vertical circle with
negligible loss of total mechanical energy. At the top
and bottom of the vertical circle, the ball's speeds are
and , and the corresponding tensions in the string are
and
and
have magnitudes
and
Part A
Find
, the difference between the magnitude of the tension in the string at the bottom relative to that at the
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What is the magnitude of the net force in the y direction acting on the ball at the bottom of the circle?
Express your answer in terms of the variables given in the problem. You may use
acceleration of gravity, 9.8
ANSWER:
Part A.3
Find
to represent the
, the magnitude of the vertical acceleration of the ball at the bottom of its circle.
ANSWER:
=
Part A.4
, ,
ANSWER:
=
Part A.5
What is the magnitude of the net force in the y direction acting on the ball at the top of its circle?
Express your answer in terms of the variables given in the problem. You may use
acceleration of gravity, 9.8
ANSWER:
Part A.6
Find
to represent the
.
=
, the magnitude of the vertical acceleration of the ball at the top of its circle.
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ANSWER:
=
Part A.7
(see Hint 3), noting carefully where various directions (signs) are
reversed.
Express your answer in terms of
, ,
ANSWER:
=
Part A.8
and
The total mechanical energy of the system is the same when the ball is at the top and bottom of the vertical circle.
Use conservation of energy to write an expression for
in terms of .
Your answer may also include
ANSWER:
, , and
and
The method outlined in the hints is really the only practical way to do this problem. If done properly, finding
the difference between the tensions,
, can be accomplished fairly simply and elegantly.
with the direction of motion of the horses and the barge. Each horse is traveling at a constant
speed .
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Part A
How much work
Part A.2
exerted by either horse (it's the same for both horses) along its
direction of travel?
Express your answer in terms of the quantities given in the problem introduction.
ANSWER:
Part A.3
Express your answer in terms of the quantities given in the problem introduction.
ANSWER:
Express the work in terms of the quantities given in the problem introduction.
ANSWER:
Part B
How much power
Hint B.1
Express your answer in terms of the quantities given in the problem introduction.
ANSWER:
One way to compute the power provided by each horse is to first compute the work done by each horse during
a time interval (as in Part A), then take the time derivative. However, an easier way to compute the power
provided when a force acts on an object moving with velocity is to use the formula
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Part A
Consider a bird that flies at an average speed of 10.7
average rate of 3.70
(this rate represents the power consumption of the bird). Assume that the bird consumes
without stopping for feeding. How far will the bird fly before feeding again?
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that
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Part A.3
by 4 grams of fat?
Hint A.3.a Definition of power
The average power
Note that power measures either the rate at which energy is transferred (or transformed) or the rate
at which work is performed.
Hint A.3.b Power: units
Power is measured in watts. One watt is equal to 1 joule per second (i.e.,
).
Part A.4
at an average speed ?
ANSWER:
Now use this expression to find the distance traveled by the bird. Make sure that the units are consistent!
Express your answer in kilometers.
ANSWER:
=
Part B
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As stated in the introduction of this problem,1 gram of fat provides about 9.4 Calories, while 1 gram of
carbohydrate provides 4.2 Calories.
Express your answer in grams
ANSWER:
=
This is more than twice the amount of fat that was needed! In addition, to store 1 gram of carbohydrate (in the
form of glycogen, the most common form of animal carbohydrate) about 3 grams of water are needed.
Therefore, if energy were stored as carbohydrates, the bird would need to carry more than eight times the fuel
mass to perform the same migratory flight!
Part C
Field observations suggest that a migrating ruby-throated hummingbird can fly across the Gulf of Mexico on a
nonstop flight traveling a distance of about 800
. Assuming that the bird has an average speed of 40.0
and an average power consumption of 1.70
at an average speed of
Part C.3
will it require
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Now calculate how many grams of fat are required to provide this amount of energy. Recall that 1 gram of
fat provides 9.4 Calories of energy.
Express your answer in grams.
ANSWER:
=
Considering that in normal conditions the mass of a ruby-throated hummingbird is only 3 or 4 grams, the bird
will need to almost double its body mass to store enough fat to perform the nonstop flight.
= 35.0
= 18.5
Part A
The block moves up an incline with constant speed. What is the total work
the block moves a distance
= 4.10
up the incline? Include only the work done after the block has started
moving at constant speed, not the work needed to start the block moving from rest.
Hint A.1 What physical principle to use
To find the total work done on the block, use the work-energy theorem, which relates the total work done to the
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What is the change in the kinetic energy of the block during this process? Keep in mind that that the block moves
at constant speed.
Hint A.2.a A formula for kinetic energy
The kinetic energy of an object is related to its mass and velocity by the formula
.
Part B
What is
= 4.10
up
the incline?
Hint B.1
Recall that the equation for the work done by a constant force is given as
between the force vector
the equation
, where
, where
is the angle
is the component of the force vector that lies in the same direction as the
displacement. When using this expression, you must be careful to determine the sign of the work done by the
force. If
points in the same direction as , then
is positive. If
points in the opposite direction from
then
Then you can find the work done by gravity using the general formula
Hint B.2
Force diagram
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Part B.3
What is
, the magnitude of the component of the force of gravity along the inclined plane?
Hint B.4
Keep in mind that work done by a force is positive if a force acts in the direction of motion, and is negative if the
force acts against the direction of motion.
Express your answer numerically in joules.
ANSWER:
Part C
What is
= 4.10
up the
incline?
Hint C.1 Equation for work done by a constant force
Use the same procedure as that presented in Hint B.1. The displacement
different.
Express your answer numerically in joules.
ANSWER:
. This is not a coincidence, of course. Can you see why? If yes, the
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What is
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, the work done on the block by the normal force as the block moves a distance
= 4.10
up the
inclined plane?
Hint D.1 The parallel component of the normal force
The normal force and the block's displacement vector are perpendicular.
Express your answer numerically in joules.
ANSWER:
Summary
. Also,
and
. Therefore,
. It may have been easier to solve Part C first. Perhaps that is what you did.
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