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    1) Metabolism is the process by which the body converts food into energy and builds and breaks down tissues. It includes both anabolism, the building up of complex molecules, and catabolism, the breaking down of complex substances. 2) Digestion begins in the mouth through chewing and saliva and continues through the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach and small and large intestines. Enzymes and acids break food down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. 3) The main macronutrients that provide energy and building blocks for the body are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Carbohydrates and fats are the body's primary sources of fuel and energy, while

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    Physiological description of metabolysm

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    1) Metabolism is the process by which the body converts food into energy and builds and breaks down tissues. It includes both anabolism, the building up of complex molecules, and catabolism, the breaking down of complex substances. 2) Digestion begins in the mouth through chewing and saliva and continues through the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach and small and large intestines. Enzymes and acids break food down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. 3) The main macronutrients that provide energy and building blocks for the body are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Carbohydrates and fats are the body's primary sources of fuel and energy, while

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    13 views14 pages

    Metabolysm

    Uploaded by

    Tamara Vuksan
    1) Metabolism is the process by which the body converts food into energy and builds and breaks down tissues. It includes both anabolism, the building up of complex molecules, and catabolism, the breaking down of complex substances. 2) Digestion begins in the mouth through chewing and saliva and continues through the gastrointestinal tract, including the stomach and small and large intestines. Enzymes and acids break food down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed. 3) The main macronutrients that provide energy and building blocks for the body are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Carbohydrates and fats are the body's primary sources of fuel and energy, while

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 14

    METABOLIZA

    M
    doc. dr Vladimir Ili

    METABOLIZAM
    Promet

    materija i energije u
    organizmu

    ANABOLOZAM

    KATABOLIZAM

    Hranljive

    materije
    ATOMI i MOLEKULI
    (H2, C, O2, N2, S)

    VARENJE

    Prikaz preseka gastrointestinalnog


    trakta

    VAKANJE i GUTANJE

    1.
    2.
    3.

    PLJUVANE LEZDE (ptijalin,


    mucin)
    Gl. Parotis
    Gl. Submaxillaris
    Gl. sublingualis

    ELUDAC

    ELUDAC
    Cardia i pylorus- MUKUS
    Parijetalne lezde- HCl
    Glavne elije- PEPSINOGEN
    1500ml eludanog soka, pH oko
    1
    Kontola: nervna i humoralna

    TANKO CREVO

    Podela: JEJUNUM i ILEUM


    Vili intestinales (300m2)
    Pokreti creva: peristaltike
    kontrakcije, promene tonusa,
    pendularni pokreti, pokreti resica

    COLON

    Funkcaja: apsorpcija vode i minerala


    Masovni peristaltiki talas

    SVOJSTVA I ULOGE
    HRANLJIVIH MATERIJA

    DNEVNE POTREBE

    UGLJENI HIDRATI

    A)

    Monosaharidi (glukoza, fruktoza, galaktoza)


    Disaharidi: 1. saharoza (Gl+Fr)
    2. laktoza (Gl+Ga)
    3. maltoza (2*Gl)
    Polisaharidi (skrob, glikogen)

    B)

    C)

    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.

    ULOGA
    Izvor energije
    tednja proteina
    Metaboliki okida
    Gorivo CNS-a

    MASTI

    a)

    Proste ( TGA = glicerol + masne kiseline)


    Sloene masti
    Lipoidi ( glikolipidi, lipoproteini,
    fosfolipidi)

    b)
    c)

    Masne kiseline ( zasiene i nezasiene)

    Holesterol (0.5-2 g)

    ULOGA:
    1.
    Izvor i rezerva energije
    2.
    Zatitne i izolaciona uloga
    3.
    Transportna uloga

    PROTEINI
    Postoji 20 vrsta aminokiselina, 8
    esencijalnih (Iso, Leu, Lis, Met,
    Pha, Tre, Trp, Val)
    ULOGA:

    1.
    2.
    3.
    4.
    5.
    6.

    Gradivna (el. membrana)


    Regulativna
    U sastav enzima
    Zatitna
    Transportna
    Puferska

    AZOTNI BILANS (1gr/kg TM)


    PROTEINSKI MINIMUM (30gr/dan)

    PROMET HRANLJIVIH
    MATERIJA U TOKU FIZIKOG
    RADA

    EGZOGENI IZVORI (glikogen, TGA,


    AK)
    ENDOGENI IZVORI (SMK, glikogen,
    Gly)

    Glikogen ili SMK E

    + CO2 + H2O
    AK E + CO2 + H2O + HCO3 +
    NH3

    INTENZITET RADA
    Kratkotrajan rad ( razlaganje do laktata)
    50-80% VO2 max Ugljeni hidrati
    Dugotrajan rad (SMK)
    50% VO2 max
    Sadraj glikogena u miiima (2-3h
    intenzivnog rada)

    m. Quadriceps femoris
    50-100mM/kg
    ishrana bogata UH
    200mM/kg

    Zalihe glikogena i brzina tranja


    FINISH, ograniavajui faktor za
    izdrljivost

    SUPERKOMPENZACIJA
    Poveanje koliine GLIKOGENA u miiu

    Brzina dopune G u oporavku

    1.5 2.5 mM/kg/ h (BEZ UH)

    6 -8 mM/kg/h (SA UH)


    NEELJENI EFEKTI:
    1. Simptomi gladi
    2. Gubitak FFM
    3. Ketoza
    4. Mentalni zamor, psihoza
    5. Oseaj teine i zategnutosti miia
    6. Smanjenje VO2 max, vit. B6, oksid.
    fosforilacije

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