PR-2: Pemodelan Kualitas Air Permukaan

Agnes Ferinna-0906551451-Teknik Sipil

2.1.

You perform a series of batch experiments and come up with the following data:
0
t (hour)
c ( gram/Liter) 10,5

2
5,1

4
3,1

6
2,8

8
2,2

10
1,9

Determine the order (n) and the rate (k) of the underlying reaction.
Answer:
Zero-Order
x = t (hour)
y = c ( gram/Liter)
Figure 1. Plot of concentration versus time for a zero-order reaction

Zero-Order
c ( gram/liter)

12
10

y = -0,7429x + 7,981

8
6

Zero-Order

Linear (Zero-Order)

2
0
0

10

15

t (hour)

First-Order
x = t (hour)
y = ln c
Figure 2. Plot of concentration versus time for a first-order reaction

First-Order
2,500

ln c

2,000

y = -0,1596x + 2,06

1,500
1,000

First-Order

0,500

Linear (First-Order)

0,000
0

10
t (hour)

15

 Second-Order

x = t (hour)
y = 1/c
Figure 3. Plot of concentration versus time for a second-order reaction

Second-Order
0,600
0,500
y = 0,0424x + 0,1135

1/c

0,400
0,300

Second-Order

0,200

Linear (Second-Order)

0,100
0,000
0

10

15

t (hour)

Dari ketiga plot reaksi diatas (zero-order, first-order dan second-order) didapat
gambaran hubungan sebaran data terhadap garis regresinya per masing-masing orde
reaksi, dimana pada akhirnya orde reaksi yang dipilih adalah berdasarkan plot garis
regresi yang paling mewakili sebaran data tersebut.
Dari ketiga plot diatas didapat bahwa garis regresi yang paling mewakili plot sebaran
data adalah pada saat plot reaksi second-order dimana persamaan dasarnya adalah 1/c
= 1/c0 + kt. Sehingga dapat dianalisis nilai laju reaksi (k), yakni sebagai berikut:

y = 0,0424x + 0,1135
Maka laju reaksi/k = 0,0424 dan orde reaksi/n = 2, karena merupakan reaksi
Second-Order.

2.6.

You set up a series of 300 mL bottles and add 10 mL of a glucose solution to each.
Note that the glucose solution has a concentration of 100 mgCL-1. To each bottle you
add a small quantity (that is, with an insignificant amount of carbon compared to the
glucose) of bacteria. You fill the remainder of their volumes up with water. Finally
you seal each bottle and incubate them at 20C. At various times you open one of the
bottles and measure its oxygen content. The following data results:
0

t (day)
-1

c (mgO2L )

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

10 8,4 6,5 4,4 2,3 1,6 1,3 1,2 1,1 1,1

a. Develop a conceptual model for what is taking place inside the bottle.
b. Using the information from this lecture, attempt to estimate the decay rate for the
glucose.
Answer:
[Glukosa]awal = 100 mgC.L-1 = 100 gramC.m-3 dalam satuan karbon
Pengenceran larutan glukosa:
[Glukosa]awal = 100 gramC/m3
Volume glukosa = 10 mL
Volume botol = 300 mL
Volume air = volume botol volume glukosa
Volume air = 300 mL 10 mL = 290 mL
[

C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O

roc = massa oksigen yang dikonsumsi untuk setiap karbon yang terdekomposisi

roc = 2,67 gramO.gramC-1

Zero-Order
x = t (day)
y = c (mgO2/Liter)

Figure 1. Plot of concentration versus time for a zero-order reaction

Zero-Order Glucose Decomposition

12
10
y = -0,1114x + 6,9881
Zero-Order Glucose
Decomposition

c (mgO2L-1)

8
6
4

Linear (Zero-Order
Glucose
Decomposition)

2
0
0

-2

20

40

60

80

t (day)

First-Order
x = t (day)
y = ln c
Figure 2. Plot of concentration versus time for a first-order reaction

First-Order Glucose Decomposition

2,5
y = -0,0324x + 1,903

ln c

1,5

First-Order Glucose
Decomposition

1
0,5
0
-0,5

-1

Second-Order

x = t (hour)
y = 1/c

20

40

t (day)

60

80

Linear (First-Order
Glucose
Decomposition)

Figure 3. Plot of concentration versus time for a second-order reaction

Second-Order Glucose Decomposition

1,2
y = 0,013x + 0,1338

1/c

0,8
Second-Order Glucose
Decomposition

0,6
0,4

Linear (Second-Order
Glucose Decomposition)

0,2
0
0

20

40

60

80

t (day)

Dari ketiga plot reaksi diatas (zero-order, first-order dan second-order) didapat
gambaran hubungan sebaran data terhadap garis regresinya per masing-masing orde
reaksi, dimana pada akhirnya orde reaksi yang dipilih adalah berdasarkan plot garis
regresi yang paling mewakili sebaran data tersebut.
Dari ketiga plot diatas didapat bahwa garis regresi yang paling mewakili plot sebaran
data adalah pada saat plot reaksi second-order dimana persamaan dasarnya adalah 1/c
= 1/c0 + kt. Sehingga dapat dianalisis nilai laju reaksi (k), yakni sebagai berikut:

y = 0,013x + 0,1338
Maka laju reaksi/k = 0,013 dan orde reaksi/n = 2, karena merupakan reaksi SecondOrder.
Decay rate glukosa menurut reaksi Second-Order:
[

2.17. The following data for concentrations and times were developed for a series of batch
experiments having different initial conditions:
t
0
1
2

c
1
2
5
10
0,95 1,87 4,48 8,59
0,91 1,74 4,04 7,46

Assuming that Eq. 2.7. holds, use the method of initial rates to determine the order
and the rate of the reaction.
Answer:
(

x = log c0
y = log (

)
Figure 1. Plot of log (

) versus log c0

Method of Initial Rates

1,6
1,4
1,2

y = 1,3081x - 0,1265

log (-dc0/dt)

1
0,8

Method of Initial Rates

0,6
0,4

Linear (Method of Initial

Rates)

0,2
0
-0,2 0

0,2

0,4

-0,4

0,6

0,8

1,2

log c0

Dari plot diatas didapat bahwa persamaan sebaran datanya adalah log (

) =

1,3081 log c0 0,1265. Sehingga dapat dianalisis nilai laju reaksi (k), yakni sebagai
berikut:
(

y = 1,3081x 0,1265
k = log-1 (-0,1265) = 0,7473
Maka laju reaksi/k = 0,7473 dan orde reaksi/n = 1,3081.

2.18. Assuming that Eq. 2.7. holds, use the method of half-lives to determine the reaction
order and rate by evaluating the following half-lives and initial concentrations
developed from a series of batch experiments:
c0

10

t50

16

11

Answer:

x = log c0
y = log t50
Figure 1. Plot of log t50 versus log c0

Method of Half-Lives
1,400
1,200

log t50

1,000
y = -0,5035x + 1,1992

0,800

Method of Half-Lives

0,600

Linear (Method of Half-Lives)

0,400
0,200
0,000
0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1,2

log c0

Dari plot diatas didapat bahwa persamaan sebaran datanya adalah log t50 = -0,5035
log c0 + 1,1992. Sehingga dapat dianalisis nilai laju reaksi (k), yakni sebagai berikut:
(

y = -0,5035x + 1,1992
k = log-1 (1,1992) = 15,82
Maka laju reaksi/k = 15,82 dan orde reaksi/n = -0,5035.