MEKANIKA

PENYELESAIAN SOAL-SOAL
(BUKU KEITH R. SYMON CHAPTER 2)

FAURY HIDAYATI

NIM. 8166175005

KELOMPOK 3

PENDIDIKAN FISIKA REGULER A

PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN FISIKA

PROGRAM PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN
2017
 BAB 2
GERAK PARTIKEL SATU DIMENSI
Nomor 1
a. A certain jet engine at its maximum rate of fuel intake develops a constant thrust
(force) of 3000 lb-wt. Given that It IS operated at maximum thrust during take-
off, calculate the ower (in horsepower) delIvered to the airplane by the engine
when the airplane's velocity is 20 mph, 100 mph, and 300 mph (1 horsepower =
746 watts).
b. A piston engine at its maximum rate of fuel intake develops a constant power of
500 orsepower. Calculate the force it applies to the airplane during take-off at 20
mph, 100 mph, and 300

Solution
P 500 hp
v1 20mph 8,9m / s
746 W
P 500. 373000 W
hp
P Fv
P
F
v
P 373000
F1 41910,11 N
v1 8,9
P P
F2 1880 lb.t
v 2 5v1
P P F2
F3
V 3 3V 2 3

F 3000 lb.t
1lb 4, ,448 N
F m.g
F 13344 N
20 5280 121 0,254
v 20mph . . . 8,9 m / s
1 hr 1 mile 1 set 1 m
Fv 13344 N (8,9)
118761 N .m / s
1hp
118761W .
746 w
160 hp
8,9
v 2 100mph. 5v1
20mph
 Fv 2 5 Fv1
8,9
v3 300.
20
15v1
Fv3 Fv1
Fv3 2400hp

P 500 hp
v1 20mph 8,9m / s
746W
P 500mph. 37300 w
hp
P FV
P
F
V
P 373000 1b.t
F1 41910,11N 41910,11N . 9422lb.t
V1 8,9 4,448 N
P P P
F2 1880lb.t
V 2 5V 1 5
P P F2
F3 630lb.t
V 3 3V 2 3

Nomor 3
A particle of mass m is subject to a force given by Eq. (2.192). (In Eq. (2.192),
bt is a fixed small time interval.) Find the total impulse delivered by the force
during the time - 00 < t < 00. If its inItIal velocity (at t -)- - (0) IS v o , what IS
its final velocity (as t -)- oo)? Use the momentum theorem.

Solution:

Pdt 1
F (t ) . , t
(t t 0 ) (dt ) 2
t
I Fdt
t0

Pdt 1
.

(t t 0 ) (dt ) 2

P dt

dt (t t 0 )
1
dt

P du
2
u 1

P sec 2 d
tan 2 1

P

d

P
( 2 1 )

P
( tan 1 u 2 tan 1 u1 )

P
( tan 1 ( ) tan 1 ( ))

P
( ( ))
2 2

Pdt 1
F (t ) . , t
(t t 0 ) (dt ) 2
I P0
N 0 at t
t
Pt P0 Fdt P0
t0

mv1 mv0 P0
P0
N3 N0
m

Nomor 5
A particle of mass m at rest at t = 0 is subject to a force F(t) = F sin 2 wt.
a. Sketch the form you expect for v(t) and x(t), for several periods of oscillation
ofthe
force.
b. Find v(t) and x(t) and compare with your sketch.

Solution:
F (t ) F0 sin 2t
0 v0 0
v0 x9t ) 0
m..x F
F
x sin 2t
m

F
v v0 dv sin 2t dt
m
t
F1
1. cos 2t )dt
0
m2
F 1
sin 2t 0 ]
t
[t.
2m 2
F 1
[t. sin 2t ]
2m 2
N 0 v0 0
F 1
N [t. sin 2t ]
2m 2
dr
v
dt
x x0 vdt
F 1

2m [t.
2
sin 2t ]
t
F t2 1

2m 2 4 2
. cos 2t
0

F
x0
sin 2

F t2 1 F

2m 2 4
2
. cos 2t
sin 2
F
.2t 2 1 cos 2t
sin 2
Nomor 7
A particle which had originally a velocity Vo is subject to a force given by Eq.
(2.191).
a. Find v(t) and x(t).
b. Show that as bt 0, the motion approaches motion at constant velocity with an
abrupt change in velocity at t = to of amount po/me (bt is a fixed time interval.)
Solution:

F (t ) 0, t t 0
P0
, t 0 t t 0 dt
dt
0, t t 0 dt
v(t )dan x(t )
dv
m F (t ) v(0) v0
dt
a... t t 0
dv 0
v

0 dv 0
v0
v(t ) c 0 maka V (0)

v v0 0
v(t ) v0
dx
v0
dt

x t

dx dt x(0) 0
x0 0

x0 0
x v0 t
b... t 0 t t 0 dt
dv P
m
dt dt
P
dv
mdt
v t
P
v 0 t0 mdt dt
dv

P
v v0 (t t 0 )
mdt
dx P
(t t 0 )
dt mdt
x t
P
x 0 t0 (V 0 mdt dt )dt
dx

maka diperoleh
P
x v0 t (t t 0 ) 2
2mdt

c.... t t 0 dt
dv
m 0
dt
dv 0
v v 0' 0
v v0'
P
v v0'
m
dx P
v0'
dt m
P
dx (v0' )dt
m
x t
P
x 0 dc t0 (v0 m )dt
'

maka diperoleh
Pdt P
x v0 t t 0 (t t 0 )
2m m
Nomor 9
A tug of war is he'ld between two teams of five men each. Each man weighs 160
lb and can initially pull on the rope with a force of 200 lb-wt. At first the teams are
evenly matched, but as the men tire, the force with which each man pulls decreases
according to the formula
F = (200 lb-wt) e - tiT:,
where the mean tiring time'! is 10 sec for one team and 20 sec for the other. Find the
motion. Assume the men do not change their grip on the rope. (g = 32 ft-sec- 2 .) What
is the final velocity of the two teams? Which of our assumptions is responsible for this
unreasonable result?
Solution:

F ma
10.160
M 50
32
dv
m F1 F
dx
F1 5 F1 F2 F2 F1 200e t / 10 F2 200e t / 20
dv
M 1000e t / 10 1000e t / 20
dt
dv 1000e t / 10 1000e t / 20 dt
v t
10000
dv
v0
M 0
e t / 10 e t / 20 dt

v 20[ 10e t / 10 20e t / 20 ]

maka
v 20[ 20e t / 10 10e t / 20 10]
dx
20[ 10e t / 10 20e t / 20 10]
dt
x

dx 20[10e
t / 10
20e t / 20 10]dt
0

x 20[ 400e t / 10 100e t / 20 10t ]t0

200[ 40e t / 10 10e t / 20 t ]t0
20[ 40e t / 10 10e 2t / 20 t ( 40 10)]
20[10e t / 10 400e t / 20 t 30]
x 200t 2000[1e t / 10 )(3e t / 20 )
dx
vt 200 ft / s
dt
Nomor 11
A boat with initial velocity Vo is slowed by a frictional force
F = -beav .
a. Find its motion.
b. Find the time and the distance required to stop.

Solution

dv
m be v
dt
dv b
v
e v dt
e m
b
e v dv dt
m
v
b
v0 e dv m dt
v

1 b
e v v
t

v0
m

1

e v

e v
b
m
t

v0
b
1 e v t
m
m(1 e v )
ts
x
b
e v t e v
m
b
v ln t e v
m

Nomor 13
A jet engine which develops a constant maximum thrust F 0 is used to power a
plane with a frictional drag proportional to the square of the velocity. If the
plane starts at t = 0 with a negligible velocity and accelerates with maximum
thrust, find its velocity v(t).

Solution:
 dv
m F0 .bv 2 x0 v0 0 at t 0 0
dt
dv dt
2

F0 .bv m
v t
dv dt F F
0 F0 .bv 2 0 m v2
b
tan h 2 y
b
tan h y

v
dv t F F
F .bv
0 0
2

m
h tan 1 (v
b
) dv
b
sec h 2 y dy

F
y sec h 2 y dy
1 b t
F0 b

0 F0 1 tan h y m
2

maka diperoleh
b t
v tan h ( F0 b )
F0 m

Nomor 15
The engine of a racing car of mass m delivers a constant power P at full throttle.
Assuming that the friction is proportional to the velocity, find an expression for v(t) if
the car accelerates from a standing start at full throttle. Does your solution behave
correctly as t < ?
Solution:
P
v0 0, t 0 0 F bv
v
dv P
m bv
dt v
bv 2 P

v
vdv dt

bv P m
2

vdv bdt

P m
v2
d
v t
vdv bdt
0 2 P 0 m
v
d
 1 b bt
lm v 2 1
2 P m
b 2 2bt
lm v 1
P m
2 bt
b 2
v 1 e m
P
2 bt
b P
v (1 e m 1/ 2
)
P b

Nomor 17
Find v(t) and x(t) for a particle of mass m which starts at Xo = 0 with velocity
vo, subject to a force given by Eq. (2.31) with n #- 1. Find the time to stop, and the
distance required to stop, and verify the remarks in the last paragraph of Section 2.4.

Solution:

F bv n (n 1)
x0 0
m.x F
dv
m F
dt
mdr bv n dt
dv b
dt
vn m
dv b
v n m t (t 0 0)
v b
v dv v 0 m t
n

b 1 n
v 1 n t (1 n) v 0
m
b 1 n
v 1 n ln v ln [ t (1 n) v 0 ]
m
diperoleh
1
1 n b
v [v (1 n) t 1 n
m
 1
b 1 n
dx [ N 01 n (1 n) t dt
m
t 1
b 1 n
x [ N 01 n (1 n) t dt
0
m
diperoleh
1

[ N 02 n [ N 01 n 1 n t ]1 n
m b
x
(2 n)b m
N 0
1

0 [ N 01 n 1 n
b 1 n
t]
m
b
(1 n) t 2 v 01 n
m
m
t b N 01 n n 1
b(1 n)
1

[ N 01 n 1 n t ]1 n
m b
xs
b( 2 n) m
m
xs [ N 02 n ]
b( 2 n)

Nomor 19
A particle of mass m is repelled from the origin by a force inversely proportional
to the cube of its distance from the origin. Set up and solve the equation of motion if
the particle is initially at rest at a distance Xo from the origin.

Solution:

dv k
m , t 0 0 v0 0
dt x 3
dv
m F
dt
x 1 / 2
m
E v( x)
2 x0
dx t t 0

1 / 2
m k 2 k 2
x

2 x0 2
x0 x dx t
2
1 / 2

x
m 2

2 k x0
x 0 2 x 2 dx t
 m
k

x 0 x 0 2 x 2
1 / 2 x
x0 t

m
k

x 0 x 2 x 0 2 t
m
k

x 0 x 2 x 0 2 t 2

kt 2
x2 x 02
mx02
1/ 2
2 kt 2
x x0
mx02

Nomor 21
A particle of mass m is acted on by a force whose potential energy is
= 2 3
1. Find the force,
2. The particle starts at the origin x = 0 with velocity Vo. Show that, if ||< Vu
where Vc is a certain critical velocity, the particle will remain confined to a
region near the origin. Find Vc.

Solution:
= 2 3

a. Find F
( 2 3 )
= =

= 2 2 + 3 3
b. Find vc, x = 0
F = 0 (dimana v(x) maksimum)
2 2 + 3 3 = 0
(3 2) = 0
= 0, 3 3 2 = 0
2
=
3
 2
2 = ( ())

:
1 1
2 + () = 2 + ( )
2 2
=
2
2 = ( ())

1
= 2 + (0)
2
1
= 2
2
2
2 = ( ())

2 1
2 = ( 2 2 2 + 3 3 )
2
2 1
0 = ( 2 2 2 + 3 3 )
2

2 2
0 = 2 2 + 3

2
2 = ( 2 3 )

2 2 2 2 2
2 = ( ( ) ( ) )
3 3
2 42 82
2 = [ 2 ]
27 2
2 123 82
2 = [ ]
27 2 27 2
83
2 =
27 2
Nomor 23

A particle is subject to a force

= + 3
a. Find the potentjal V(x), describe the nature of the solutions, and find the solution
x(t).
b. Can you give a simple interpretation of the motIon when E2 >> ka?

Solution

= + 3
a. Find v(x) and x(t)

() =

= - 3
2 2
=
+
2 2
1
() = ( 2 + 2 )
2


[ ()]1/2 = , = 0
2
0

1/2
1 2 2
[ ( + )] =
2 2
0

2
[2 ( 2 + 2 )]1/2 =
2 1
0

1/2
[2 2 + ] =
2
0
1/2
4 +
[2 ] =
2
0
1/2
2 2 4 +
[ ] =
2
0


=
(2 2 4 + )1/2
0

2 2
4 + 2 2 + = ( 4 + )

2 2 2 2
= ( 4 + 2 + 2)

2 2
= [( 2 ) ( 2 )]

2
2 2
2
= [ ( 2 ) ]
2


=
2 1/2
0 2 2
[ ( 2 ) ( 2 2 ) ]



=
2 1/2
0 2 2
2 ) ]
[( ) (
2 2

Dimana:

2 1/2
0 2 2
[ ( 2 ) ( 2 2 ) ]

2
2 = sin
2

2
2 = cos
2
2
1

2 cos

1/2
=
2 2 2
2
0 [ ]
2 2

1 cos
=
2 (1 2 )1/2
0

1 1
= ( )
2 2
0

Maka:

1
( ) =
2

= 2 +

2
2 = + sin
2

= +
[ + ]

Nomor 25

The potential energy for the force between two atoms in a diatomic molecule has
the approximate form:

() = +
6 12

where x is the distance between the atoms and a, b are positive constants.

a. Find the force.

b. Assuming one of the atoms is very heavy and remains at rest while the other
moves along a straight line, describe the possible motions.
c. Find the equilibrium distance and the period of small oscillations about the
equilibrium position if the mass of the lighter atom is m.
Solution

() = 6
+ 12

a. =

( 6 + 12 )
=

= 6 7 + 12 13

b. Lihat gambar

0= +
6 12

6
= 12

6 12
=

12 6
=0

6 1
6 ( ) = 0

6 1
=0

6 1
=


6 =

6
=

( ) < 0
maksimum, minimum
0 = 6 7 + 12 13
6 7 = 12 13
6 12
= 12
7
7 13
=
6 12
13 7
=0
12 6
6 1
7 ( )=0
12 6
6 1
=
12 6
6
= 2

6
2 = + 2
2 4
2
2 2
= +
2 4
22 + 2
=
4
2
=

c. Dari (b) equilibrium distance

2 1/6
= ( )



1 2 2
() = ( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( 2 ) ( )
2

3
1 3
+ ( 3 ) ( ) + . ( )
6

( ) = 0, can drop ( ) without effecting physical result,

1 2 2
() = ( 2 ) ( )
2

2
( 2 ) = dan =

1 2
( ) = 2 + , since 1,
Sehingga,

=

2
= 2
( 6 + 12 )


= (6 7 + 12 13 )

2 1/6
= (42 8 + 156 14 )
= ( )

4 7
2
3 3
= 42 ( ) + 156 (2)
4 7
3 3
= 42 (2) + 156 (2)
1 1
2 3 2 3
= 42 (2) + 156 4 (2)
2
1 1
2 3 2 3
= 21 (2) + 39 4 (2)
2
1
2 3
= 156 ( )
4 2

=


2 =

1
=
2

1
= = 2

1/2

= 2 ( )
2 1/3
18 ( )
2

1/2
= 2 1/2
2 1/6
18 ( ) ( )
2

2 1/2
= 1/2
3 2 1/6
21/2 ( ) ( )
2

2 3/6
= 3/6
3 2 1/6
21/6 ( ) ( )
2
/

= [ ]

Nomor 27

A particle of mass m moves in a potential well given by

2 (2 + 2 )
() =
84 + 4

a. Sketch V(x) and F(x).

b. Discuss the motions which may occur. Locate all equilibrium points and determine
the frequency of small oscillations about any that are stable.
c. A particle starts at a great distance from the potential well with velocity Vo toward
the well. As it passes the point x = a, it suffers a collision with another particle,
 during which it loses a fraction . of its kinetic energy. How large must be in order
that the particle there after remains trapped in the well? How large must . be in
order that the particle be trapped in one side of the well? Find the turning points of
the new motion if = 1.

Solution

2 (2 + 2 )
() =
84 + 4

a. =

4 2 2
= ( )
84 + 4
4 + 2 2
= ( )
84 + 4
(84 + 4 )(2 2 ) ( 4 + 2 2 )(4 3 )
=
(84 + 4 )2

() =0

2 (2 + 2 )
0= ( )
84 + 4
2 + 2
2
= ( )
84 + 4
(84 + 4 )2(2 + 2 )4 3
= (84 + 4 )2

= 164 + 2 5 44 3 4 5
= 2 5 42 3 + 165
= 5 + 22 3 84
= ( 4 + 22 2 84 )

= 0,

4 + 22 2 84 = 0

2 + 22 84 = 0

2 + 22 + 4 = 84 + 4
( + 2 )2 = 9 4

+ 2 = 3 2

= 42 22

= 2

2 = 42 22

2 (2 + 22 )
(2) =
84 + 44

2 (32 )
=
124

3 4
=
124
 3
=
12

=
4

b. < () < = 2
4 8

< < 0 = 0
8
= 2
1 2 2
() = ( ) + ( ) ( ) + ( 2 ) ( )
2

1 3 3
+ ( 3 ) ( )
6

1 2 2
= ( 2 ) ( ) +
2

2
= ( 2)

2 + 2
= 2 ( )
84 + 4
 2
(84 + 4 )2 (2 + 2 )4 3
= [ ]
(84 + 4 )2
164 + 2 5 42 3 4 5
2
= [ ]
(84 + 4 )2
2 5 42 3 164
2
= [ ]
(84 + 4 )2
2
2
(84 + 4 )2 (10 4 122 2 + 164 ) (2 5 42 3 + 164 ) 2(84 + 4 )4 3
= 2 [ ]
(84 + 4 )4

= 2 (84

4)
(84 + 4 )2 (10 4 122 2 + 164 ) 8 3 (2 5 42 3 + 164 )
+ [ ]
(84 + 4 )4

(84 + 4 )2 (10 4 122 2 + 164 ) 16 4 ( 4 22 2 84 )

2
= [ ]
(84 + 4 )3

2
= ( 2)

(84 + 4 )2 (10(47 ) 122 (22 ) + 164 ) 16 4 (44 22 (22 ) 84 )

= 2 [ ]
(84 + 44 )3

= 2

40 4 24 4 + 16 4
= 2 [ ]
(124 )2
48 4
2
= [ ]
144 8
4
2
= [ 8 ]
3

=
32

=

2 =

1/2
( 2 )
= 3
2
=
1/2
(1222 )
 1
= 2 + ( 0) +
2 4

1
= 2 + 0 +
2 4

1
= 2 +
2 4

() = () +
4

2 (2 + 2 )
= +
84 + 4 4

2 4
= +
94 4

2 8 9
= + = + =
9 4 36 36 36

= + ()

1
2 + = + ()
2 4

1
2 + () =
2 4

1
2 + ( ) =
2 4 36

1 9
2 + ( ) =
2 36 36

1 8
2 + =
2 36

1 2
2 + =
2 9

0
> { > 0 , }

1
2 2
>
1 2 2
2 + 9
 1 2
1 2 +
< 2 9
1 2
2

1 2
1 2 2 + 9
<
1 2
2

4
< 1+
9 2

> [ + ]

1 2
= 2 +
2 9

=
4 8 8

1 2
= 2 +
2 9 8

1 16 9
= 2 +
2 72 72

1 7
= 2 +
2 72

> 0

0
>

 1 7
1 2 +
< = 2 72
1 2
2

1 7 2
< 1+
36 2

1
7 2
> [1 + ]
36 2

= 1

= 1 100%

= () =
36

= () +
36 4

9 2 (2 + 2 )
=
36 36 84 + 4

8 2 (2 + 2 )
=
36 84 + 4

2(84 + 4 ) = 92 (2 + 2 )

2 4 + 164 94 + 92 2 = 0

2 4 92 2 + 74 = 0 = 2

2 4 92 2 + 74 = 0

92 814 4(2)(74 )
=
4

92 254
=
4

92 52
=
4

7 2
= 2
2
 7 1/2
= ( )
2

/
= ,( )

Nomor 29

Derive the solutions (2.74) and (2.75) for a falling body subject to a frictional
force proportional to the square of the velocity.

Solution

. 2.74 2.75, = 0 = 0 = 0

= 2

= + 2

= + 2

=
+ 2



=
+ 2



=
+ 2

1 ( )=

1 ( ) =


= tan ( )

= ( ) { }

= tan ( )

= tan ( )

0

= [ ( )] { }

Expansions for large and small t on next page.

1 tan 2 = sec 2

2 = tan 2

= tan

= sec 2

sec 2
=
2 2

sec 2
=
1 2

sec 2
= 1 tan 2 = sec 2
sec 2

= +

= tan ( ) +

tan ( ) = tan ()

sin
=
cos

= cos

= sinh u

= ln|| +

= tan ( )

3
2
( ) 3
= +
3
( )


= ( )

9
= ln cos h ( )
2

= ( + )

= ( )

3 2 5
tan = +
3 15

= () { () }

 2 4
cos () = 1 + + +
2! 4!

( 1)2 ( 1)3
ln () = ( 1) + +
2 3

1
cos = ( + )
2

1
cos 1
2

= ln ( )
2

= [ ln 2]

= ln 2

Nomor 31
A projectile is fired vertically upward with an initial velocity Vo. Findits
motion, assuming a frictional drag proportional to the square of the velocity. (Constant
g.)

Solution:

1) Benda dimulai dari = 0, tentukan ketinggian maksimalnya!

(0) = = 0 = 0 = 0

= 2

= + 2


=
+ 2

0
= 0
+ 2

Dimana:
2
+2 =
+2

2
= 1+2

= +

= 1 ( ) +

2 = 2

= tan

= 2

Maka:
0
1 ( ) | = |
0 0

1 ( ) =

1 ( ) = (time for max x)

1 ( ) = (0 < < )

= tan ( ( ))

0 = 0
tan ( ( ))

= ln cos ( ( )) |
0
1
2
= [ ln (1 + ) + ln cos ( ( ))]

2
= 2 [ln (1 + ) + 2 ln cos ( ( ))]

2. Untuk > , = 0

= + 2

= + 2


=
2

=
2

tan 1 ( ) = ( )

tan 1 ( ) = ( )

= tan ( ( ))

= tan ( ( )) (add function)

=
tan ( ( ))


= ln cos ( ( )) |

= ln cos ( ( ))

= | =
2
= 2 ln (1 + )

2
= 2 ln (1 + ) ln cos ( ( ))

Nomor 33
Find the motion of a body projected upward from the earth with a velocity equal
to the escape velocity. Neglect air resistance.
Solution:
1
2 2
= = ( )

1
2 2
= =( )


1 =
2 2
( )

1
2
1 =
(2) 2

1 2 3
1 2|
=
(2) 2 3

1
2 2 3 3
(4) [ 2 2] =
1
3 3 4 2
2 2 =( )
2
1
3 3 4 2
2 = 2 +( )
2
2
1 3
3 4 2
= [ 2 +( ) ]
2

1 ()
2 + =
2

=0
 1
2 =
2
2
2 =

2
=

Nomor 35
By writing cos 8 in the form (2.122) derive the formula
Solution:
1
cos = 2 ( + )
1 3
3 = 8 ( + )
1
= ( + )( + )( + )
8
1
= 8 [ + 1 + 1 + ]( + )
1
= 8 [ 3 + 2 + + + 2 + 3 ]
1
= [ 3 + 3 ] + 3 + 3
8
1
= 8 [23 + 6 cos ]

Dimana:
2 cos 3 = 3 + 3
6 cos = 3 + 3
Maka:
1 3
3 = 4 cos 3 + 4 cos

Nomor 37
Show that when 2 2is very small, the underdamped solution (2.133) is
approximately equal to the critically damped solution (2.146), for a short time interval.
What is the relation between the constants C 1, C 2 and A,? This result suggests how
one might discover the additional solution (2.143) in the critical case.
Solution:
2 2 sangat kecil
1
1 = ( 2 2 ) 2

(2.133)
= cos(0 + )
1
= cos [( 2 2 ) 2 +

= [cos 1 cos
sin 1 sin ]
= [cos 1 sin ]
= cos
1 sin
Maka:
= (1 + 2 )
1 = cos
2 = 1 sin

Nomor 39
A mass m subject to a linear restoring force - kx and damping - bx is displaced a
distance xo from equilibrium and released with zero initial velocity. Find the motion in
the underdamped, critically damped, and overdamped cases.
Solution:

t0 = 0
v(0) = 0
x(0) = X0

a. Underdamped, 0 >
P = - i 1
X = C1 e + i 1t + C2 e - i 1t)
= e t( C1e i 1t + C2 e - i 1t)
= e t (B1cos 1 t + B2 sin 1 t)
X0 = X(0) = B1
V = X = - e t(B1cos 1 t + B2 sin 1 t) + e t(-1B1sin 1 t + B2 cos 1 t)
0 = V(0) = - B1+ 1 B2
B1
B2 = 1
Xo
=
1

X= e tX0(cos 1 t + sin 1 t)
1

b. Critically damped, 0 =
X = (C1+C2t) e t
X0 =X(0) = C1
V=X= - e t (C1+C2t)+ e t (C2)
0 = V(0) = - C1+C2
C2 =- C1
C2 =- X0
X = (X0 - X0t ) e t
X = X0 (1 t) e t
c. Overdamped 0 <
X = C1 e 1t + C2 e 2t)
X0 =X(0) = C1 + C2
V = X =- 1C1 e 1t 2C2 e 1t
0 = V(0) =- 1C1 - 2C2
2
C1 = 1
C2
2
X0 = 1
C2 + C2
2
=( 1
1) + C2
2+1
= 1
C2
Xo1
2+1
= C2
2 Xo1
C1 = (
1 2+1
)
Xo2
C1 = 2+1
Xo2 Xo1
X= 12
e 1t + 12 e 1t
 Xo
X= 12(1 e 1t 2 e 1t)

Nomor 41
Solve Problem 39 for the case when the mass has an initial displacement and an
initial velocity directed back toward the equilibrium point. Show that if | | >
|1 |, the mass will overshoot the equilibrium in the critically damped and
overdamped cases so that the remarks at the end of Section 2.9 do not apply. Sketch the
motion in these cases.
Solution
X(o) = xo v(o) = vo

i) Underdamped, o>
P = - A1
x = e-t (B1 cos 1t + B2 cos 1t)
xo = x(o) = B1
-vo = v(o) = - B1 + 1B2
-vo = - xo + 1B2
xo vo
B2
1
x o v o
x = e-t (xo cos 1t + sin 1t)
1

ii) Critically damped, o=

x = (C1+ C2t) e-t
xo = x(o) = C1
-vo = v(o) = - C1 + C2
-vo = - xo + 1B2
xo - vo = C

x = (xo + (xo - vo) t) e-t

iii) Overdamped, o<
x = C1 e-1t + C2 e-2t
xo = x(o) = C1 + C2
-vo = v(o) = - 1 C1 2 C2
2 C2 vo = - 1 C1
vo 2 C 2
C1
1

C1 + C2 = xo
vo 2 C 2
C 2 xo
1
vo 2 C 2
C 2 xo
1 1
v
C 2 (1 2 ) x o o
1 1
2 x vo
C2 ( 1 ) o 1
1 1
x vo
C2 o 1
1 2

xo 1 vo
C1 xo
1 2
xo ( 1 2 ) xo 1 vo
C1
1 2
xo 1 xo 2 xo 1 vo
C1
1 2
vo xo 2
C1
1 2

vo xo 2 1t xo 1 vo 2t
x e e
1 2 1 2

x ( 1 2 ) 1 ([v o x o 2 ]e 1 t [ x o 1 v o ]e 2 t )(v o 0)
x ( 1 2 ) 1 ([ x o 1 v o ]e 1 t [ x o 2 v o ]e 2 t )(v o 0)
Nomor 43
A mass of 1000 kg drops from a height of 10 m on a platform of negligible
mass. It is desired to design a spring and dashpot on which to mount the platform so that
the platform will settle to a new equilibrium position 0.2 m below its original position
as quickly as possible after the impact without overshooting.
a. Find the spring constant k and the damping constant b of the dashpot. Be sure to
examine your proposed solution x(t) to make sure that it satisfies the correct
initial conditions and does not overshoot.
b. Find, to two significant figures, the time required for the platform to settle within
1 mm of its final position.
Solution
Critically damped 1 2
vo : mv mgh
2
x = (xo+(xo-vo)t)e-t
v 2 2 gh
x = (0,2+0.t)e -70t v 2 gh
x = 0,2 e -70t
14m/s
kx mg
.001=0,2 e-70t mg
k
x
.001
e 70t ( 1000kg)( 9 ,81m/s 2 )
0,2
0,2m
.005= e-70t k 4,9 x104 kg / s 2
ln (.005)=-70t
To avoid overshoot:
.076 s=t
xo v o 0
vo

xo
14m/s

0 ,2m
70s 1
b

2m
b 2m
b 1,4 105 kg / s
Nomor 45
a. Find the motion of a damped harmonic oscillator subject to a constant applied
force F0, by guessing a "steady-state" solution of the inhomogeneous equation
(2.91) and adding a solution of the homogeneous equation.
b. Solve the same problem by making the substitution x' = x - a, and choosing the
constant a so as to reduce the equation in x' to the homogeneous equation (2.90).
Hence show that the effect of the application of a constant force is merely to
shift the equilibrium position without affecting the nature of the oscillations.
Solution:
mx bx kx Fo
b k
x h : x x x0 x e pt
m m
b k
p2 p 0
m m
2
b b k b k
p o
2m 2m m 2m m
p i1 12 o2 2

x h C1 e t i1t C 2 e t i1t
1
e t [C1 e i1t C 2 e i1t ] C 2 C1* Ae i
2
1 1
e t [ Ae i (1 ) t Ae i (1 ) t ]
2 2
e ix e ix
x h Ae t cos(1t ) {cos x }
2
xp C
x P x p 0
kC Fo
Fo
C
k
F
xp o
k
x xh x p
Fo
x Ae t cos(1t )
k
Nomor 47
An undamped harmonic oscillator (b = 0), initially at rest, is subject beginning at
t = 0 to an applied force F0 sin t. Find the motion x(t).

Solution:
mx kx Fo mt , v(o) 0, x(o) 0
k
x h : x x0
m
k
p2 0 x e pt
m
k
p2
m
k
p i
m
k
p i o o
m
A i A
xh C1eiot C2 eiot C1 e C2 C1* e i
2 2
A i (Ot ) A i (Ot )
e e
2 2
xh A cos(O t )
x p C3 sin( t 1 )
x p C3 cos(t 1 )
xp 2C3 sin( t 1 )
 k F
2C3 sin( t 1 ) C3 sin( t 1 ) o sin t
m m
k
C3 2 sin( t 1 ) Fo sin t
m
k m 2 Fo
C3 sin( t 1 ) sin t
m m
Fo
C3 1 0
k m 2
Fo
xp sin t
k m 2
x(t ) xh (t ) x p (t )
Fo
A cos(t ) sin t
k m 2
0 x(o) A cos
Fo
v(t ) x(t ) Ao sin (o t ) cos t
k m 2
Fo
0 v(o) Ao sin
k m 2

A cos 0


2
Fo
Ao sin
k m 2
Fo
A
o (k m 2 )
Fo Fo
x(t ) cos(1t ) sin t
o (k m )
2
2 k m 2
Fo Fo
sin o t sin t
o (k m )
2
k m 2
Fo
[ sin t sin o t ]
o (k m 2 )
Fo
x(t ) [o sin t sin o t ]
mo (o2 2 )