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Static Model
Static Model
4.5.1 Introduction
The most important phase of a reservoir study is
probably the definition of a static model of the
reservoir rock, given both the large number of
activities involved, and its impact on the end results.
As we know, the production capacity of a reservoir
depends on its geometrical/structural and
petrophysical characteristics. The availability of a
representative static model is therefore an essential
condition for the subsequent dynamic modelling
phase.
A static reservoir study typically involves four
main stages, carried out by experts in the various
disciplines (Cosentino, 2001).
Structural modelling. Reconstructing the
geometrical and structural properties of the reservoir,
by defining a map of its structural top and the set of
faults running through it. This stage of the work is
carried out by integrating interpretations of
geophysical surveys with available well data.
Stratigraphic modelling. Defining a stratigraphic
scheme using well data, which form the basis for wellto-well correlations. The data used in this case
typically consist of electrical, acoustic and radioactive
logs recorded in the wells, and available cores,
integrated where possible with information from
specialist studies and production data.
Lithological modelling. Definition of a certain
number of lithological types (basic facies) for the
reservoir in question, which are characterized on the
basis of lithology proper, sedimentology and
petrophysics. This classification into facies is a
convenient way of representing the geological
characteristics of a reservoir, especially for the
purposes of subsequent three-dimensional
modelling.
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Fig. 2. Example
of a correlation
between wells
(courtesy
of L. Cosentino).
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(courtesy of L. Cosentino).
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model of facies
(courtesy of L. Cosentino).
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Minipermeameter analysis
Core analysis
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Scale
Pression Temperature
Saturation
Measurement
Macro
Micro
Mega
Mega
Macro
Macro
Macro
Macro
Macro
Environment/In situ
Environment
In situ
In situ
In situ
In situ
In situ
In situ
In situ
Absolute
Absolute
Relative
Relative
Relative
Absolute
Absolute
Absolute
Absolute
Direct
Direct
Indirect
Indirect
Indirect
Indirect
Indirect
Indirect
Indirect
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log K
log SW
SWC
KC
VshC
Vsh
Fig. 6. Procedure for defining a consistent set of petrophysical cut-offs. K, permeability; F, porosity;
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0.275
0.250
0.225
0.200
0.175
0.150
0.125
0.100
0.075
0.050
0.025
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Three-dimensional modelling
of reservoir parameters
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[2]
[1]
RROHIPRf
570
N
OHIPGBV 1 /(1Sw)
G
OHIP
OHIPST121R
Bo
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aquifer
water-oil contact
unexplained
drawdown
model
Cr
skin
Kr
81.79789
14.02499
1.64918
1.16589
0.71339
0.39629
0.25219
0.00019
References
Amaefule J.O. et al. (1993) Enhanced reservoir description:
using core and log data to identify hydraulic (flow) units
and predict permeability in uncored intervals/wells, in: Oil
and gas strategies in the 21st century. Proceedings of the
68th conference of the Society of Petroleum Engineers,
Houston (TX), 3-6 October, SPE 26436.
Archie G.E. (1942) The electrical resistivity log as an aid in
determining some reservoir characteristics, American
Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers.
Transactions, 146, 54-62.
Cosentino L. (2001) Integrated reservoir studies, Paris,
Technip.
Haldorsen H.H., Damsleth E. (1990) Stochastic modelling,
Journal of Petroleum Technology, April, 404-412.
Journel A.G. et al. (1990) New method for reservoir mapping,
Journal of Petroleum Technology, 42, 212-219.
Kalkomey C.T. (1997) Potential risks when using seismic
attributes as predictors of reservoir properties, The
Leading Edge, March, 247-251.
McCoy D.D. et al. (1997) Water salinity variations in the Ivishak
and Sag River reservoirs at Prudhoe Bay, Society of
Petroleum Engineers. Reservoir Engineering, 12, 37-44.
ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF HYDROCARBONS
Luca Cosentino
Eni - Agip
San Donato Milanese, Milano, Italy
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