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7.29. IDENTIFY: Since the force is constant, use W = Fs cos.

SET UP: For both displacements, the direction of the friction force is opposite to the displacement and
=180.
EXECUTE: (a) When the book moves to the left, the friction force is to the right, and the work is
(1.2 N)(3.0 m) = 3.6 J.
(b) The friction force is now to the left, and the work is again 3.6 J.
(c) 7.2 J.
(d) The net work done by friction for the round trip is not zero, and friction is not a conservative force.
EVALUATE: The direction of the friction force depends on the motion of the object. For the gravity force,
which is conservative, the force does not depend on the motion of the object.

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